... is used in both DNA repair and DNA replication (see Mammalian ligases). In addition, DNA ligase has extensive use in ... It can also ligate blunt-ended DNA with much greater efficiency than E. coli DNA ligase. Unlike E. coli DNA ligase, T4 DNA ... Purified DNA ligase is used in gene cloning to join DNA molecules together to form recombinant DNA. The mechanism of DNA ligase ... it has been recognized as another DNA ligase and it is the reason for the unusual nomenclature of DNA ligases. DNA ligase from ...

... (EC 6.5.1.2, polydeoxyribonucleotide synthase (NAD+), polynucleotide ligase (NAD+), DNA repair enzyme, DNA ... DNA ligase, deoxyribonucleate ligase, polynucleotide ligase, deoxyribonucleic acid ligase, polynucleotide synthetase, ... DNA ligase Zimmerman SB, Little JW, Oshinsky CK, Gellert M (June 1967). "Enzymatic joining of DNA strands: a novel reaction of ... deoxyribonucleic acid joinase, DNA-joining enzyme, polynucleotide ligase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)) is an enzyme with ...

The ligase chain reaction (LCR) is a method of DNA amplification. The ligase chain reaction (LCR) is an amplification process ... who used thermostable DNA ligase to discriminate between normal and mutant DNA and to amplify the allele-specific product. A ... Barany, F (Jan 1991). "Genetic disease detection and DNA amplification using cloned thermostable ligase". Proc Natl Acad Sci U ... end of the discriminating primer prevents the DNA ligase from joining the two fragments together. By using both strands of ...

Generally, the common names of ligases include the word "ligase", such as in DNA ligase, an enzyme commonly used in molecular ... such as DNA ligase EC 6.6 includes ligases used to form nitrogen-metal bonds, as in the chelatases Some ligases associate with ... For example, DNA ligase can join two complementary fragments of nucleic acid by forming phosphodiester bonds, and repair single ... Ligases can be further classified into six subclasses: EC 6.1 includes ligases used to form carbon-oxygen bonds EC 6.2 includes ...

Other NAD-dependent enzymes include bacterial DNA ligases, which join two DNA ends by using NAD+ as a substrate to donate an ... This contrasts with eukaryotic DNA ligases, which use ATP to form the DNA-AMP intermediate. Li et al. have found that NAD+ ... "A newly identified DNA ligase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae involved in RAD52-independent repair of DNA double-strand breaks". ... Wilkinson A, Day J, Bowater R (2001). "Bacterial DNA ligases". Mol. Microbiol. 40 (6): 1241-8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001. ...

LigDs are a subfamily of DNA ligases. In bacteria many, but not all LigDs have additional nuclease domains branched from the ... "Discrimination of Streptomyces albidoflavus strains based on the size and number of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacers". ... universally present central ligase domain. If present - as in this case - the nuclease domain is an N-terminus extension.) The ...

Enzymes called DNA ligases can rejoin cut or broken DNA strands. Ligases are particularly important in lagging strand DNA ... DNA exists in many possible conformations that include A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms, although only B-DNA and Z-DNA have been ... In DNA replication, DNA-dependent DNA polymerases make copies of DNA polynucleotide chains. To preserve biological information ... DNA at Curlie DNA binding site prediction on protein DNA the Double Helix Game From the official Nobel Prize web site DNA under ...

Ligases have a metal binding site which is capable of recognizing nicks in DNA. The ligase forms a DNA-adenylate complex, ... With human DNA ligase, this forms a crystallized complex. The complex, which has a DNA-adenylate intermediate, allows DNA ... At the end of the segment that DNA polymerase acts on, DNA ligase must repair the final segment of DNA backbone in order to ... "DNA ligases in the repair and replication of DNA". Mutation Research/DNA Repair. 460 (3-4): 301-318. doi:10.1016/S0921-8777(00) ...

"LIGASE IV, DNA, ATP-DEPENDENT; LIG4". OMIM. Retrieved 2 January 2012. Altmann T, Gennery AR (October 2016). "DNA ligase IV ... LIG4 syndrome (also known as Ligase IV syndrome) is an extremely rare condition caused by mutations in the DNA Ligase IV (LIG4 ... Ligase IV is a critical component of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism that repairs DNA double-strand breaks. It ... Ben-Omran TI, Cerosaletti K, Concannon P, Weitzman S, Nezarati MM (2005). "A patient with mutations in DNA Ligase IV: clinical ...

LigDs form a subfamily of the DNA ligases. These all have a LigDom/ligase domain, but many bacterial LigDs also have separate ... Mutations in DNA gyrase are commonly associated with antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa. These mutations, when combined ... September 2015). "Pel is a cationic exopolysaccharide that cross-links extracellular DNA in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm ... February 2006). "A characterization of DNA release in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures and biofilms". Molecular Microbiology. 59 ...

Deoxycytidine monophosphate Nucleoside Oligonucleotide Pascal JM (February 2008). "DNA and RNA ligases: structural variations ...

... the RAD51-BRCA2 DNA recombination complex, and the DNA ligase shown at right. His group has written several broadly used ... "DNA ligase Molecule-of-the-Month". Pdb101.rcsb.org. Retrieved 3 July 2018. Lewis, T. E.; Sillitoe, I; Andreeva, A; Blundell, T ... Ochi T, Gu X, Blundell TL (2013). "Structure of the catalytic region of DNA ligase IV in complex with an artemis fragment sheds ... Pellegrini L, Yu DS, Anand S, Lee M, Blundell TL, Venkitaraman AR (2002). "Insights into DNA recombination from the structure ...

December 2012). "ATP-dependent DNA ligase from Thermococcus sp. 1519 displays a new arrangement of the OB-fold domain". Acta ... The process of DNA replication and elongation has been extensively studied in T. kodakarensis. The DNA molecule is a circular ... Competence for DNA transfer and integration of donor DNA into the recipient genome by homologous recombination is common in the ... Thermococcus species are naturally competent in taking up DNA and incorporating donor DNA into their genomes via homologous ...

DNA ligase III-alpha mRNA encodes nuclear and mitochondrial versions of DNA ligase III-alpha. Nuclear DNA ligase III-alpha ... Compared with DNA ligases I and IV, DNA ligase III is the most active enzyme in the intermolecular joining of DNA duplexes. ... The essential role of DNA ligase III-alpha in mitochondrial DNA metabolism can be fulfilled by other DNA ligases, including the ... the DNA ligase III zinc finger is involved in binding to DNA strand breaks. Within the DNA ligase III polypeptide, the zinc ...

DNA ligases, which join broken DNA together, were discovered earlier in 1967. By combining the two enzymes it became possible ... The transferred DNA is piloted to the plant cell nucleus and integrated into the host plants genomic DNA.The plasmid T-DNA is ... For known DNA sequences, restriction enzymes that cut the DNA on either side of the gene can be used. Gel electrophoresis then ... Traditionally DNA was isolated from the cells of organisms. Later, genes came to be cloned from a DNA segment after the ...

DNA Ligase IV, a specialized DNA ligase that forms a complex with the cofactor XRCC4, directly joins the two ends. To guide ... Reduced expression of DNA repair genes causes deficient DNA repair. When DNA repair is deficient DNA damages remain in cells at ... Biology portal Accelerated aging disease Aging DNA Cell cycle DNA damage (naturally occurring) DNA damage theory of aging DNA ... Human DNA Repair Genes 3D structures of some DNA repair enzymes Human DNA repair diseases DNA repair special interest group DNA ...

DNA ligase joins the strands together to form dsDNA. There are two subpathways for NER, which differ only in their mechanism ... WRNp is active in unwinding DNA, a step necessary in DNA repair and DNA replication. Since WRNp's function depends on DNA, it ... The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of the accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damages. The ... DNA helicases are enzymes that bind to double-stranded DNA and temporarily separate them. This unwinding is required in ...

The second component involves the bridging of DNA to DNA Ligase IV (LigIV), by XRCC4, with the aid of Cernunnos-XLF. DNA-PKcs ... Chen L, Trujillo K, Sung P, Tomkinson AE (2000). "Interactions of the DNA ligase IV-XRCC4 complex with DNA ends and the DNA- ... DNA-PKcs) to the DNA ends to enable the binding of Artemis protein to one end of each DNA-PKcs. One end of the DNA-PKcs joins ... Hsu HL, Yannone SM, Chen DJ (2003). "Defining interactions between DNA-PK and ligase IV/XRCC4". DNA Repair (Amst.). 1 (3): 225- ...

The sticky ends of the DNA segments aligned themselves and were afterwards joined using DNA ligase. The plasmids were then ... "Milestone 2 (1967, 1972) Discovery of DNA ligase; Cloning The dawn of recombinant DNA". NATURE Milestones. Retrieved 5 May 2016 ... The restriction enzyme EcoRI was used to cut the frog DNA into small segments. Next, the frog DNA fragments were combined with ... He was vocal in the recombinant DNA controversy as the United States government attempted to develop policies for DNA research ...

DNA ligase III along with its cofactor XRCC1 catalyzes the nick-sealing step in short-patch BER in humans. DNA ligase I ligates ... Cappelli, Enrico (1997). "Involvement of XRCC1 and DNA Ligase III Gene Products in DNA Base Excision Repair". Journal of ... This was the most frequent DNA repair abnormality found among the 8 DNA repair genes tested. NEIL1 was also one of six DNA ... "Long Patch Base Excision Repair with Purified Human Proteins DNA LIGASE I AS PATCH SIZE MEDIATOR FOR DNA POLYMERASES δ AND ε". ...

Although each repeating unit in a RNA strand owns a free hydroxyl group, the DNA ligase takes just one of them as a branching ... Other uses of DNA in chemistry are in DNA-templated synthesis, Enantioselective catalysis, DNA nanowires and DNA computing. ... Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of performing a ... Many other deoxyribozymes have since been developed that catalyze DNA phosphorylation, DNA adenylation, DNA deglycosylation, ...

"NMR structure of the N-terminal domain of SUMO ligase PIAS1 and its interaction with tumor suppressor p53 and A/T-rich DNA ... Exposure to UV light, chemicals, and ionizing radiation can cause DNA damage, and the most detrimental type of DNA damage is a ... "Mammalian SUMO E3-ligases PIAS1 and PIAS4 promote responses to DNA double-strand breaks". Nature. 462 (7275): 935-9. Bibcode: ... Defects in the DNA repair system lead to a predisposition for developing cancer. At least some of the PIAS proteins are ...

... a DNA ligase is employed in repair of DNA single- and double-strand breaks during seed germination and this ligase is an ... Waterworth WM, Masnavi G, Bhardwaj RM, Jiang Q, Bray CM, West CE (2010). "A plant DNA ligase is an important determinant of ... In dry, aging rye seeds, DNA damages occur with loss of viability of embryos. Dry seeds of Vicia faba accumulate DNA damage ... In eukaryotes, the cellular repair response to DNA damage is orchestrated, in part, by the DNA damage checkpoint kinase ATM. ...

Potts PR, Yu H (2005). "Human MMS21/NSE2 is a SUMO ligase required for DNA repair". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (16): 7021-32. doi: ... Once localized to the DNA, the SCM5/6 complex non-specifically binds to ~20 DNA base pairs. Smc6 and Smc5 proteins form a ... "Cryo-EM structure of DNA-bound Smc5/6 reveals DNA clamping enabled by multi-subunit conformational changes". Proceedings of the ... Nse1-Nse3-Nse4 subunits bridge the heads of the Smc5 and Smc6 proteins and allow the complex to bind DNA. Nse5 and Nse6 form a ...

Waterworth WM, Masnavi G, Bhardwaj RM, Jiang Q, Bray CM, West CE (September 2010). "A plant DNA ligase is an important ... In particular, single- and double-strand breaks in DNA can be repaired. The DNA damage checkpoint kinase ATM has a major role ... Koppen G, Verschaeve L (2001). "The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis/comet assay: a way to study DNA repair in radicle ... Waterworth WM, Footitt S, Bray CM, Finch-Savage WE, West CE (August 2016). "DNA damage checkpoint kinase ATM regulates ...

Johnston LH, Barker DG, Nurse P (1986). "Cloning and characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA ligase gene CDC17". ... Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA (2001). "DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination". Genome Res. 10 (11): 1788-95 ...

Upon germination, seeds of Vicia faba undergo DNA repair. A plant DNA ligase that is involved in repair of single- and double- ... Waterworth WM; Masnavi G; Bhardwaj RM; Jiang Q; Bray CM; West CE (September 2010). "A plant DNA ligase is an important ... Thus DNA damages that accumulate during dormancy appear to be a problem for seed survival, and the enzymatic repair of DNA ... Koppen G; Verschaeve L (2001). "The alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis/comet assay: a way to study DNA repair in radicle ...

Instead the DNA ligase from phage T4 is used as it can ligate blunt-ended DNA as well as single-stranded DNA. Factors that ... However, procedures for ligation without the use of standard DNA ligase are also popular. Human DNA ligases abnormalities have ... The transformation efficiency of linear DNA is also much lower than circular DNA, and for the DNA to circularize, the DNA ... "Efficient DNA ligation in DNA-RNA hybrid helices by Chlorella virus DNA ligase". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (3): 1831-1844. doi ...

Potts PR, Yu H (August 2005). "Human MMS21/NSE2 is a SUMO ligase required for DNA repair". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 25 ( ... Once localized to the DNA, the SCM5/6 complex non-specifically binds to ~20 DNA base pairs Smc5 and Smc6 proteins form a ... "Cryo-EM structure of DNA-bound Smc5/6 reveals DNA clamping enabled by multi-subunit conformational changes". Proceedings of the ... RAD18 (SMC6), the DNA damage gene in fission yeast, also encodes an SMC-like protein and forms a heterodimeric complex with ...

... , acting as a ubiquitin ligase, mono-ubiquitinates γH2AX to tether DNA repair molecules at DNA lesions. In particular, RNF8 ... This protects the DNA ends and forms a platform for further DNA repair enzymes to operate. After the broken ends are rejoined, ... After the occurrence of a double-strand break in DNA, the chromatin needs to be relaxed to allow DNA repair, either by HRR or ... RNF8 promotes repair of DNA damage through three DNA repair pathways: homologous recombinational repair (HRR), non-homologous ...