... bacterial DNA binding proteins were thought to help stabilize bacterial DNA. Currently, many more functions of bacteria DNA ... Research suggests that bacterial DNA binding protein has an important role during DNA replication; the protein is involved in ... The functions of bacterial DNA-binding proteins are not limited to DNA replication. Researchers have been investigating other ... These proteins participate in all DNA-dependent functions; in these processes, bacterial DNA binding proteins have an ...
... some of the donor's chromosomal DNA may also be transferred with the plasmid DNA. The amount of chromosomal DNA that is ... Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge ... Heinemann JA, Sprague GF (July 1989). "Bacterial conjugative plasmids mobilize DNA transfer between bacteria and yeast". Nature ... Classical E. coli bacterial conjugation is often regarded as the bacterial equivalent of sexual reproduction or mating since it ...
Bacterial DNA is placed into the bacteriophage genome via bacterial transduction. In bacterial conjugation, DNA is transferred ... Bacterial recombination is a type of genetic recombination in bacteria characterized by DNA transfer from one organism called ... Base pairs attached to the DNA strands go through an exchange at a Holliday junction. In the second step of bacterial ... Natural transformation is common among pathogenic bacterial species. In some cases, the DNA repair capability provided by ...
The gene used was the 16S ribosomal DNA. The names have been changed to reflect more current nomenclature used by molecular ... Branching order of bacterial phyla (Rappe and Giovanoni, 2003) Branching order of bacterial phyla after ARB Silva Living Tree ... Branching order of bacterial phyla (Battistuzzi et al.,2004) Branching order of bacterial phyla (Gupta, 2001) Branching order ... There are several models of the Branching order of bacterial phyla, one of these was proposed in 1987 paper by Carl Woese. The ...
... is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of ... RNA polymerase moves down the DNA rapidly at approximately 40 bases per second. Due to the quick nature of this process, DNA is ... RNA polymerase has lower fidelity (accuracy) and speed than DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase has a very different proofreading ... Bacterial RNA polymerase is made up of four subunits and when a fifth subunit attaches, called the σ-factor, the polymerase can ...
Woelfle MA, Xu Y, Qin X, Johnson CH (November 2007). "Circadian rhythms of superhelical status of DNA in cyanobacteria". ... Bacterial circadian rhythms, like other circadian rhythms, are endogenous "biological clocks" that have the following three ... Johnson CH, Zhao C, Xu Y, Mori T (April 2017). "Timing the day: what makes bacterial clocks tick?". Nature Reviews. ... 2009). Bacterial Circadian Programs. Springer. p. 333. Dunlap JC, Loros J, DeCoursey PJ (2004). Chronobiology: Biological ...
Natural transformation is a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer between two cells through the intervening medium. The uptake ... The process involves creating recombinant DNA molecules through manipulating a DNA sequence. That DNA created is then in ... Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge ... Chen I, Dubnau D (2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2 (3): 241-9. doi:10.1038/ ...
ISBN 978-0-87969-382-4. Lampson BC, Inouye M, Inouye S (2005). "Retrons, msDNA, and the bacterial genome" (PDF). Cytogenetic ... Multicopy single-stranded DNA (msDNA) is a type of extrachromosomal satellite DNA that consists of a single-stranded DNA ... or even between DNA polymerases using DNA as a template, versus DNA polymerases using RNA as a template. The catalytic region ... The priming of msDNA synthesis offers a fascinating challenge to our understanding of DNA synthesis. DNA polymerases (which ...
Watford S, Warrington SJ (2018). "Bacterial DNA Mutations". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 29083710. Retrieved 21 ... Phages destroy bacterial cell walls and membrane through the use of lytic proteins which kill bacteria by making many holes ... For example, a ribosomal mutation may protect a bacterial cell by changing the binding site of an antibiotic but may result in ... Recent advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing as a result of the Human Genome Project have resulted in the ability to ...
Other NAD-dependent enzymes include bacterial DNA ligases, which join two DNA ends by using NAD+ as a substrate to donate an ... Wilkinson A, Day J, Bowater R (2001). "Bacterial DNA ligases". Mol. Microbiol. 40 (6): 1241-8. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001. ... This contrasts with eukaryotic DNA ligases, which use ATP to form the DNA-AMP intermediate. Li et al. have found that NAD+ ... as well as acting as a substrate for bacterial DNA ligases and a group of enzymes called sirtuins that use NAD+ to remove ...
Bacterial DNA can be located in two places: Bacterial chromosome, located in the irregularly shaped region known as the ... the bacterial DNA is not enclosed inside of a membrane-bound nucleus but instead resides inside the bacterial cytoplasm. This ... Most bacterial chromosomes are circular although some examples of linear DNA exist (e.g. Borrelia burgdorferi). Usually a ... So plasmids can be described as extrachromosomal DNA in a bacterial cell. In most bacteria the most numerous intracellular ...
Chromids, formerly (and less specifically) secondary chromosomes, are a class of bacterial replicons (replicating DNA molecules ... Overall, bacterial genome sequencing indicates that roughly 10% of bacterial species have a chromid. It has also been found ... In the bacterial genus Vibrio, the main chromosome varies between 3.0-3.3 Mb whereas the chromid varies between 0.8-2.4 Mb in ... Bacterial genomes divided between a main chromosome and one or more chromids (and / or megaplasmids) are said to be divided or ...
... but is widespread in bacterial genomes, as part of the restriction modification or DNA repair systems. In Escherichia coli, ... If Dam is targeted to a specific known DNA locus, distal sites brought into proximity due to the 3D configuration of the DNA ... In transient transfection experiments, the DNA of those plasmids is recovered along with the DNA of the transfected cells, ... DamID identifies binding sites by expressing the proposed DNA-binding protein as a fusion protein with DNA methyltransferase. ...
specifically identified bacterial DNA as the underlying component of the lysate that elicited the response. Then, in 1995 Krieg ... Bauer S, Wagner H (2002). "Bacterial CpG-DNA licenses TLR9". Toll-Like Receptor Family Members and Their Ligands. Current ... demonstrated that the CpG motif within bacterial DNA was responsible for the immunostimulatory effects and developed synthetic ... "CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation". Nature. 374 (6522): 546-9. Bibcode:1995Natur.374..546K. doi: ...
Natural transformation is a common bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer that employs numerous bacterial gene products. For a ... Chen I, Dubnau D (2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 (3): 241-9. doi:10.1038/ ... The DNA-uptake process of naturally competent V. cholerae involves an extended competence-induced pilus and a DNA-binding ... V. cholerae has been used in discoveries of many bacterial small RNAs. Using sRNA-Seq and Northern blot candidate sRNAs were ...
The nonfunctional DNA in bacterial genomes is mostly located in the intergenic fraction of non-coding DNA but in eukaryotic ... Non-coding DNA (ncDNA) sequences are components of an organism's DNA that do not encode protein sequences. Some non-coding DNA ... These are regions of the genome where the DNA replication machinery is assembled and the DNA is unwound to begin DNA synthesis ... This is why these length differences are used extensively in DNA fingerprinting. Junk DNA is DNA that has no biologically ...
DNA alone cannot create a viable cell: proteins and RNAs are needed to read the DNA, and lipid membranes are required to ... First Minimal Synthetic Bacterial Cell. Astrobiology Web. March 24, 2016. Yong, Ed (March 24, 2016). "The Mysterious Thing ... These messages did not use the standard genetic code, in which sequences of 3 DNA bases encode amino acids, but a new code ... The 4 watermarks (shown in Figure S1 in the supplementary material of the paper) are coded messages written into the DNA, of ...
Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 2 (3): 241-9. doi: ... up-taken DNA can either integrate with the genome or exist as extrachromosomal DNA. DNA is generally inserted into animal cells ... "Simian virus 40 DNA sequences in DNA of healthy adult mice derived from preimplantation blastocysts injected with viral DNA". ... The first recombinant DNA molecule was made by Paul Berg in 1972 by combining DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with the lambda ...
With the help of recombinant DNA techniques, the genes encoded for viral or bacterial antigens could be genetically transcribed ... Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 2 (3): 241-9. doi: ... "Biochemical Method for Inserting New Genetic Information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: Circular SV40 DNA Molecules Containing ... The discovery of DNA and the improvement of genetic technology in the 20th century played a crucial role in the development of ...
Bacterial genomic DNA is not recognized by these restriction enzymes. The methylation of native DNA acts as a sort of primitive ... Ancient DNA methylation reconstruction, a method to reconstruct high-resolution DNA methylation from ancient DNA samples. The ... relying on DNA methylation MethBase DNA Methylation database hosted on the UCSC Genome Browser MethDB DNA Methylation database ... a large proportion of carcinogenic gene silencing is a result of altered DNA methylation (see DNA methylation in cancer). DNA ...
These DNA fragments may then become integrated into the chromosomes of nearby bacterial cells to undergo mutagenesis. This ... Exogenous DNA is DNA originating outside the organism of concern or study. Exogenous DNA can be found naturally in the form of ... The cell surface and the incoming DNA are both negatively charged, so the DNA is coated with lipids. By shielding the DNA and ... Chen, Inês; Dubnau, David (2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 2 (3): 241-249. ...
Siddiqi, O.; Fox, M.S. (June 1973). "Integration of donor DNA in bacterial conjugation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 77 (1): ... Sarathy, P.Vijay; Siddiqi, O. (August 1973). "DNA synthesis during bacterial conjugation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 78 (3 ... Sarathy, P.Vijay; Siddiqi, O. (August 1973). "DNA synthesis during bacterial conjugation". Journal of Molecular Biology. 78 (3 ... Siddiqi, Obaid H. (May 1963). "Incorporation of parental DNA into genetic recombinants of E. coli". Proceedings of the National ...
Transfer of DNA between bacterial cells can occur in three main ways. First, a bacterium can take up exogenous DNA released ... Chen I, Dubnau D (2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2 (3): 241-9. doi:10.1038/ ... Mating in bacteria involves transfer of DNA from one cell to another and incorporation of the transferred DNA into the ... In Bacillus subtilis about 40 genes are required for the development of competence and DNA uptake. The length of DNA ...
TRNA, Cloned Human DNA and E. Coli Sequences, Histone Genes and Restriction Enzyme Recognition Sequences. IRL Press. 1989. TRNA ... ISBN 978-0-471-16067-0. Wiedmann, Martin; Zhang, Wei (4 February 2011). Genomics of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Springer ... ISBN 978-1-881299-24-0. Hather, Gregory James (2008). Statistical Analysis of DNA Sequence Motifs and Microarray Data. ... Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo; Gresshoff, Peter M. (16 September 1997). DNA Markers: Protocols, Applications, and Overviews. Wiley. ...
Eukaryotic DNA fragments which act as promoters for a plasmid gene. Nature 277:324-325. West, R.W., Jr., R.L. Neve and R.L. ... A bacterial clone synthesizing proinsulin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 75( ... Eukaryotic DNA fragments which act as promoters for a plasmid gene. Nature 277:324-325. West, R.W., Jr. and R.L. Rodriguez. ... Recombinant DNA techniques: An introduction. Addison Wesley Publishing Co., Reading Mass. Huang, N., Sutliff, T.D., Litts, J.C ...
Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 2 (3): 241-9. doi: ... "Simian virus 40 DNA sequences in DNA of healthy adult mice derived from preimplantation blastocysts injected with viral DNA". ... In 1972, Paul Berg created the first recombinant DNA molecule when he combined DNA from a monkey virus with that of the lambda ... Bacteria can be induced to take up foreign DNA, usually by exposed heat shock or electroporation. DNA is generally inserted ...
... the process in which bacterial DNA is moved from one bacterium to another by a virus (a bacteriophage, or phage). Bacterial ... Natural transformation is a bacterial adaptation for DNA transfer (HGT) that depends on the expression of numerous bacterial ... Chen I, Dubnau D (March 2004). "DNA uptake during bacterial transformation". Nature Reviews. Microbiology. 2 (3): 241-9. doi: ... The frequency of recombination is increased by DNA damage induced by UV-irradiation and by DNA damaging chemicals. The ups ...
Microarrays use complementary DNA probes to bind to possible sRNA loci in intergenic regions. Northern blotting can reveal ... Bacterial sRNAs affect how genes are expressed within bacterial cells via interaction with mRNA or protein, and thus can affect ... Biofilm is a type of bacterial growth pattern where multiple layers of bacterial cells adhere to a host surface. This mode of ... The first bacterial sRNA was discovered and characterized in 1984. MicF in E. coli was found to regulate the expression of a ...
Agrobacterium tumefaciens, from which it was originally discovered, uses this system to send the T-DNA portion of the Ti ... Bacterial secretion systems are protein complexes present on the cell membranes of bacteria for secretion of substances. ... Type II (T2SS) secretion system depends on the Sec or Tat system for initial secretion inside the bacterial cell. From the ... Type III secretion system (T3SS or TTSS) is structurally similar and related to the basal body of bacterial flagella. Seen in ...
RecA has a central role in the repair of replication forks stalled by DNA damage and in the bacterial sexual process of natural ... UvsX is homologous to bacterial RecA. UvsX, like RecA, can facilitate the assimilation of linear single-stranded DNA into an ... Like Rad51, Dmc1 is homologous to bacterial RecA. Some DNA viruses encode a recombinase that facilitates homologous ... Bernstein C, Bernstein H (2001). DNA repair in bacteriophage. In: Nickoloff JA, Hoekstra MF (Eds.) DNA Damage and Repair, Vol.3 ...
Lanka Erich, Wilkins Brian M (1995). "DNA Processing Reactions in Bacterial Conjugation." Annu. Rev. Biochem. 64: 141-69 Matson ... With human DNA ligase, this forms a crystallized complex. The complex, which has a DNA-adenylate intermediate, allows DNA ... At the end of the segment that DNA polymerase acts on, DNA ligase must repair the final segment of DNA backbone in order to ... The nicks allow the DNA to take on a circular shape. Nicked DNA can be the result of DNA damage or purposeful, regulated ...
DNA Seq. 10 (6): 365-77. doi:10.3109/10425170009015604. PMID 10826693. Stolz JF, Oremland RS (1999). "Bacterial respiration of ...
Dorman, C. J.; Corcoran, C. P. (2008). "Bacterial DNA topology and infectious disease". Nucleic Acids Research. 37 (3): 672-678 ...
Birge, E.A. (2006). "15: Site Specific Recombination". Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics (5th ed.). Springer. pp. 463-478. ... DNA binding sites are a type of binding site found in DNA where other molecules may bind. DNA binding sites are distinct from ... DNA binding sites were finally confirmed in both systems with the advent of DNA sequencing techniques. From then on, DNA ... DNA binding sites can be thus defined as short DNA sequences (typically 4 to 30 base pairs long, but up to 200 bp for ...
UV light damages bacterial DNA and induces filamentation via the SOS response. Starvation can also cause bacterial ... DNA synthesis-inhibiting and DNA damaging antibiotics (e.g. metronidazole, mitomycin C, the fluoroquinolones, novobiocin) ... The SOS response inhibits septum formation until the DNA can be repaired, this delay stopping the transmission of damaged DNA ... Certain bacterial species, such as Paraburkholderia elongata, will also filament as a result of a tendency to accumulate ...