Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ ... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase". Gene. 191 (1): 89-95. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00046-2. PMID 9210593. "Entrez Gene: ... cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE2A gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release ... Sadhu K, Hensley K, Florio VA, Wolda SL (1999). "Differential expression of the cyclic GMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase PDE2A ...

Betz H., Changeux J.-P. (1979). Regulation of muscle acetylcholine receptor synthesis in vitro by cyclic nucleotide derivatives ... involvement of protein kinase C and Ca++. Neuron 2: 1229-1236. Piette J., Bessereau J.-L., Huchet M., Changeux J.-P. (1990). ... The group also discovered that the nicotinic receptor is regulated by a variety of "allosteric modulators" such as: 1. calcium ... from the structure and function of proteins (with a focus on the allosteric proteins), to the early development of the nervous ...

Protein kinases can also be inhibited by competition at the binding sites where the kinases interact with their substrate ... A notable class of kinase drug targets is the receptor tyrosine kinases which are essential enzymes that regulate cell growth; ... This block of nucleotide biosynthesis is selectively toxic to rapidly growing cells, therefore methotrexate is often used in ... the enzyme that degrades the signalling molecule cyclic guanosine monophosphate. This signalling molecule triggers smooth ...

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) are functional protein channels in the plasma membrane that have overlapping CaM ... Proteopedia page for Calmodulin and its conformational change Protein kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Stevens ... CaM binding proteins are also known to regulate reproductive development in plants. For instance, the CaM-binding protein ... S-locus receptor kinase (SRK) is another protein kinase that interacts with CaM. SRK is involved in the self-incompatibility ...

The common factor for these signaling molecules involves activation of cyclic-AMP and its downstream target protein kinase A ( ... Also important for translocation of cytoplasmic Arc mRNA to activated synapses is an 11 nucleotide binding site for ... mRNA induction by Ca2+ and cAMP requires protein kinase A and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase ... Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein is a plasticity protein that in humans is encoded by the ARC gene. It was ...

Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ... Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels". Pharmacological Reviews. 57 (4): ... "Phosphorylation and modulation of hyperpolarization-activated HCN4 channels by protein kinase A in the mouse sinoatrial node". ... Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel Funny current GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138622 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: ...

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase is unique in its mechanism of activation. The protein kinase is composed of two regulatory ... Greengard, Paul (1978). Cyclic nucleotides, phosphorylated proteins, and neuronal function. New York: Raven Press. ISBN 0-89004 ... Ueda T, Greengard P (July 1977). "Adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein system of neuronal membranes. I. ... mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase). The tail portion of the protein, the C-terminal end, bears three ...

Casein kinase 1 results in a cyclic expression of mammalian oscillator proteins, resulting in a timekeeper (mammalian ... Zhang Y, Qiu WJ, Chan SC, Han J, He X, Lin SC (May 2002). "Casein kinase I and casein kinase II differentially regulate axin ... This single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) results in an arginine-to-cysteine substitution in a phosphate recognition domain ... The protein encoded by the casein kinase 1 epsilon gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase and a member of the casein kinase ...

... kinase. In this pathway, recruitment of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor by the adaptor and docking proteins leads to ... act to phosphorylate the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) transcription factor. Phosphorylated CREB ... NF-κB regulates nuclear gene transcription to promote cell survival. Alternatively, programmed cell death occurs when TRAF6 and ... The active Ras protein phosphorylates several proteins, along with the serine/threonine kinase, Raf. Raf in turn activates the ...

For this reason protein kinases are named based on what regulates their activity (i.e. Calmodulin-dependent protein kinases). ... Kinases act upon many other molecules besides proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. There are many that act on nucleotides (DNA ... For example, type I and type II cyclic-AMP dependent protein kinases have identical catalytic subunits but different regulatory ... Kinases are classified into broad groups by the substrate they act upon: protein kinases, lipid kinases, carbohydrate kinases. ...

... "cAMP acts on exchange protein activated by cAMP/cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange protein to regulate transmitter ... The regulatory region contains two cyclic nucleotide-binding domains (cNBD-A and cNBD-B) and a DEP (Dishevelled, Egl-10, and ... "cAMP analog mapping of Epac1 and cAMP kinase. Discriminating analogs demonstrate that Epac and cAMP kinase act synergistically ... Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4 (RAPGEF4), also known as exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) ...

Syntrophin-associated serine/ threonine kinase (SAST): Syntrophin is an adaptor protein that connects other signaling proteins ... Phosphodiesterase 7B: Through the degradation of nucleotides, phosphodiesterases (PDE) produce cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( ... The muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are types of G protein-coupled receptors that regulate the effects of acetylcholine on ... This class of proteins and receptors is partially responsible for the neurogenesis of cells in the olfactory bulb and certain ...

Separation from cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase and phosphorylase kinase". European Journal of Biochemistry. 107 (2): 519- ... March 2004). "Structural insight into nucleotide recognition in tau-protein kinase I/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta". Acta ... Demarchi F, Bertoli C, Sandy P, Schneider C (October 2003). "Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta regulates NF-kappa B1/p105 ... Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that mediates the addition of phosphate molecules onto ...

"Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases", Pharmacol. Ther., 50 (1): 123-145, doi:10.1016/0163-7258(91)90075-W, PMID 1653962 ... "PTP-SL and STEP protein tyrosine phosphatases regulate the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1 and ... 1993), "Protein kinase A antagonizes platelet-derived growth factor-induced signaling by mitogen-activated protein kinase in ... 1996), "Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAK) in human B cells: co-localization of type I cAK (RIα2C2) with the antigen ...

Activators of each PLC vary, but typically include heterotrimeric G protein subunits, protein tyrosine kinases, small G ... The extensive number of functions exerted by the PLC reaction requires that it be strictly regulated and able to respond to ... There is the formation of a weakly enzyme-bound intermediate, inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphodiester, and release of diacylglycerol ... and PLCs from Clostridium bifermentans and Listeria monocytogenes have been isolated and nucleotides sequenced. There is ...

... then goes on to activate protein kinase A, which is an enzyme that regulates cell metabolism. Protein kinase A regulates ... Nucleotides are synthesized through salvage or de novo synthesis. Nucleotide salvage uses pieces of previously made nucleotides ... Like most sugars, ribose exists as a mixture of cyclic forms in equilibrium with its linear form, and these readily ... Park, Jae; Gupta, Radhey S. (2008). "Adenosine kinase and ribokinase - the RK family of proteins". Cellular and Molecular Life ...

Mayeenuddin LH, Garrison JC (January 2006). "Phosphorylation of P-Rex1 by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the ... March 2002). "P-Rex1, a PtdIns(3,4,5)P3- and Gbetagamma-regulated guanine-nucleotide exchange factor for Rac". Cell. 108 (6): ... The protein encoded by this gene acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the RHO family of small GTP-binding proteins ... Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PREX1 ...

Mediation of serum-induced changes in cyclic nucleotide levels in cultured fibroblasts by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. ... He investigated the role of growth factor-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity in the control of cellular ... Neurotrophic protein S100 beta stimulates glial cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 May 1;88(9):3554-8. PMID ... He was the first to show that the cell cycle is regulated by a series of sequential events and to hypothesize that dysfunction ...

Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase: a membrane-bound, microtubule-associated protein and membrane anchor for tubulin". ... Kinnunen T, Kaksonen M, Saarinen J, Kalkkinen N, Peng HB, Rauvala H (April 1998). "Cortactin-Src kinase signaling pathway is ... Miller FD, Naus CC, Durand M, Bloom FE, Milner RJ (December 1987). "Isotypes of alpha-tubulin are differentially regulated ... Payton JE, Perrin RJ, Clayton DF, George JM (November 2001). "Protein-protein interactions of alpha-synuclein in brain ...

... type-II regulatory subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase by glycogen synthase kinase 3 and glycogen synthase kinase 5 ... "Protein kinase A-anchoring (AKAP) domains in brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 (BIG2)". Proceedings ... This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic ... "A-kinase anchoring protein AKAP220 binds to glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta ) and mediates protein kinase A-dependent ...

... protein kinase A (PKA) and the exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac-1 and -2). Epac-1 and PKA are both important ... is that there are various inactivating nucleotide variations in the human counterpart of the enhancer element that regulates ... through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. NO prolongs the ability of human dendritic cells to internalize antigens at sites of ... Apoptosis is particularly regulated by the presence of cytokines: IFNγ increases the rate of apoptosis, whereas IL-10 and TGF-β ...

"Tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein regulates the expression of aldose reductase and protein kinase C δ in a mouse ... "Decreased expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated aldose reductase (AKR1B1) is associated with malignancy in ... Graham A, Hedge PJ, Powell SJ, Riley J, Brown L, Gammack A, Carey F, Markham AF (October 1989). "Nucleotide sequence of cDNA ... The way it binds NADPH differs from other nucleotide adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzymes. The active site pocket of human ...

Second messenger system G protein-coupled receptor Heterotrimeric G protein Phospholipase C Calcium signaling Protein kinase C ... "Targeting nucleotide exchange to inhibit constitutively active G protein alpha subunits in cancer cells". Sci Signal. 11 (546 ... "Gβγ Signaling to the Chemotactic Effector P-REX1 and Mammalian Cell Migration Is Directly Regulated by Gαqand Gα13 Proteins". J ... cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 inhibitor), decreases tumor growth in preclinical trials. The following G protein-coupled ...

The well-known EGFR-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and death-associated protein kinase are both shown ... This shows cyclic variations in oxygenation implying dynamic regulation of the metabolic symbiosis between lactate-producing ... Ribose-5-phosphate acts as an intermediate for the production of nucleotides thus providing a connection between glycolysis and ... Pyruvate kinase M2 has metabolic activity regulated by post-translational modifications including acetylation, oxidation, ...

... that phosphorylate and thereby regulate target proteins involved in cell signaling (see Protein kinase C#Function). Studies ... "New Developments in Platelet Cyclic Nucleotide Signalling: Therapeutic Implications". Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy. 30 (5 ... "Protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of serine 357 of the mouse prostacyclin receptor regulates its coupling to G(s)-, to ... calmodulin-modulated myosin light chain kinase, RAF/MEK/Mitogen-activated protein kinases, PKC/Ca2+/Calcineurin/Nuclear factor ...

Geppert M, Goda Y, Stevens CF, Südhof TC (1997). "The small GTP-binding protein Rab3A regulates a late step in synaptic vesicle ... a physiologic guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab3A, which interacts with inositol hexakisphosphate kinase". Neuron. 31 ... Sullivan M, Olsen AS, Houslay MD (2000). "Genomic organisation of the human cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4C gene ... Ras-related protein Rab-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB3A gene. It is involved in calcium-triggered ...

... cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3 COH1: vacuolar protein sorting 13B CRISPLD1 encoding protein Cysteine rich secretory ... fms-related tyrosine kinase 2, Pfeiffer syndrome) FGL1: Fibrinogen-like protein 1 GDAP1: ganglioside-induced differentiation- ... N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 NEF3: neurofilament 3 (150kDa medium) NEFL: neurofilament, light polypeptide 68kDa ODF1: ... protein Zinc finger protein 395 ZNF517 encoding protein Zinc finger protein 517 ZNF696 encoding protein Zinc finger protein 696 ...

... phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A ERG: encoding protein transcriptional regulator ERG ERVH48-1: encoding protein suppressyn ... Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM1 TMEM1: encoding protein encoding protein encoding protein Trafficking protein ... encoding calmodulin regulator protein PCP4 PDE9A: encoding enzyme high affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A ... encoding serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK1 SIM2: encoding protein single-minded homolog 2 SLC5A3: encoding protein sodium/ ...

G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside ... G proteins regulate metabolic enzymes, ion channels, transporter proteins, and other parts of the cell machinery, controlling ... cAMP can then act as a second messenger that goes on to interact with and activate protein kinase A (PKA). PKA can ... Gαs activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by stimulating the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP. This is accomplished by ...

"Compartmentation of cyclic nucleotide signaling in the heart: the role of A-kinase anchoring proteins". Circulation Research. ... Lester LB, Faux MC, Nauert JB, Scott JD (Mar 2001). "Targeted protein kinase A and PP-2B regulate insulin secretion through ... Protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA Cα) is a member of the AGC kinase family (protein kinases A, G, and C), and contributes ... A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) bind a surface formed between both R subunits and target the kinase to different locations ...