... by crystallographic analysis of protein-DNA complexes, and by structural studies of protein-kinase switching mechanisms. The ... He has also turned some of his research attention to even more complex assemblies, such as clathrin-coated vesicles. He led the ... His wide-ranging studies of protein structure have contributed insights to viral architecture, DNA-protein recognition, and ... crystal structure of the protein-DNA complex". Cell. 71 (7): 1223-37. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(05)80070-4. PMID 1473154. S2CID ...

... is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, ... the proteins are unfolded and coated with negatively charged detergent molecules. The proteins in SDS-PAGE are separated on the ... Another way to tag proteins is to engineer an antigen peptide tag onto the protein, and then purify the protein on a column or ... The first proteins to be purified are water-soluble proteins. Purification of integral membrane proteins requires disruption of ...

VirE2 is the single-stranded DNA binding protein that presumably coats the T- strand in the host cytoplasm by cooperative ... and dynein-like proteins. Several other bacterial virulence effectors like VirB5, VirB7 (the minor components of the T-complex ... To interact with host plant proteins many Agrobacterium virulence proteins encoded by vir genes. Agrobacterium vir gene ... A processed form of VirB2 is the major component of the T-complex that is required for transformation. VirD2 is the protein ...

... brucei infective to humans requires a more complex explanation. Procyclins are proteins developed in the surface coating of ... Acosta-Serrano, A.; Vassella, E.; Liniger, M.; Renggli, C. K.; Brun, R.; Roditi, I.; Englund, P. T. (2001). "The surface coat ... Tsetse fly eradication programmes are complex and logistically demanding activities and usually involve the integration of ... Milk protein production, symbiont populations and fecundity, in: Journal of Insect Physiology, Band 54, Nr. 8, August 2008, S. ...

Ras-associated protein 1 recruits this protein to coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles during budding from the endoplasmic ... Barr FA, Nakamura N, Warren G (1998). "Mapping the interaction between GRASP65 and GM130, components of a protein complex ... The protein encoded by this gene is a peripheral membrane protein which recycles between the cytosol and the Golgi apparatus ... "Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs". Genome ...

In neurons and endocrine cells, the SNARE-proteins and SM-proteins catalyze the fusion by forming a complex that brings the two ... a clathrin coat, as well as an increase in intracellular calcium. In multicellular organisms, this mechanism initiates many ... Proteins embedded in the vesicle membrane are now part of the plasma membrane. The side of the protein that was facing the ... Exocyst is an octameric protein complex. In mammals, exocyst components localize in both plasma membrane, and Golgi apparatus ...

The IgG antibodies form a complex with heparin and PF4 in the bloodstream. The tail of the antibody then binds to the FcγIIa ... In HIT, the immune system forms antibodies against heparin when it is bound to a protein called platelet factor 4 (PF4). These ... In addition, the reticuloendothelial system (mostly the spleen) removes the antibody-coated platelets, further contributing to ... The first screening test in someone suspected of having HIT is aimed at detecting antibodies against heparin-PF4 complexes. ...

... are recognized by the GGA family of clathrin adaptor proteins and accumulate in forming clathrin-coated vesicles. IGF2Rs from ... The IGF2Rs are recycled back to the Golgi by the retromer complex, again by way of interaction with GGAs and vesicles. The ... Ghosh P, Kornfeld S (July 2004). "The GGA proteins: key players in protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network". Eur. J. Cell ... tagged proteins in the trans-Golgi network. The structure of the IGF2R is a type I transmembrane protein (that is, it has a ...

Ligands coated on the nanoparticle's surface bind to specific receptors to cause a conformational change. Once bound to these ... Patients who have brain cancer overexpress albumin-binding proteins, such as SPARC and gp60, in their BBB and tumor cells, ... ApoE constituents bind to nanoparticles, and then this complex binds to a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in the BBB ... Surface coating nanoparticles with surfactants such as polysorbate 80 or poloxamer 188 was shown to increase uptake of the drug ...

They can be packed into a COPII-coated vesicle and directly fuse with plasma membrane or can fuse with endosomal or lysosomal ... This includes cytokines and mitogens with crucial function in complex processes such as inflammatory response or tumor-induced ... Unconventional protein secretion (known as ER/Golgi-independent protein secretion or nonclassical protein export ) represents a ... Even proteins folded in their correct conformation can pass plasma membrane this way, unlike proteins transported via ER/Golgi ...

... and is protected by a cylindrical protein coat built from thousands of identical α-helical major coat protein subunits coded by ... "Three-dimensional structure of complexes of single-stranded DNA-binding proteins with DNA. IKe and fd gene 5 proteins form left ... The gene 5 protein is then displaced by the gene 8 coat protein as the nascent phage is extruded across the bacterial plasma ... mediated by a membrane-embedded motor protein complex. This multimeric assembly complex, including p1 encoded by gene 1 ( ...

... implantable devices can be coated with a bioactive material to encourage adsorption of specific proteins, fibrous capsule ... This is an integral part to the structural integrity of cell sheets and their differentiation into more complex tissue and ... It is the unique combination of amino acids that gives a protein its properties. In terms of surface chemistry, protein ... protein folding). As a result of their hydrophilicity, charged amino acids tend to be located on the outside of proteins, where ...

TIP47 protein is most commonly described in the scientific literature as a coat protein for lipid droplets. TIP47 belongs to ... deliver lysosomal hydrolase from the Golgi to endosomes and then return to the Golgi complex. The protein encoded by this gene ... Mannose-6-phosphate receptor binding protein 1 (M6PRBP1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the M6PRBP1 gene. Its gene ... This protein also binds directly to the GTPase RAB9 (RAB9A), a member of the RAS oncogene family. The interaction with RAB9 has ...

What results is a complex of mRNA, ribosome, and protein which can bind to surface-bound ligand. This complex is stabilized ... or magnetic beads that have been coated with ligand. The complexes that bind well are immobilized. Subsequent elution of the ... By having the protein progenitor attached to the complex, the processes of ribosome display skips the microarray/peptide bead/ ... The process results in translated proteins that are associated with their mRNA progenitor which is used, as a complex, to bind ...

The cluster was first identified in 1988 using an antibody to the protein that has since been named ERGIC-53. In mammalian ... Forward (or anterograde) transport moves the VTC contents to the cis-Golgi network, the receiving face of the Golgi complex. ... organisms, COPII vesicles that have budded from exit sites in the endoplasmic reticulum lose their coats and fuse to form the ... Schweizer A, Fransen JA, Bächi T, Ginsel L, Hauri HP (1988). "Identification, by a monoclonal antibody, of a 53-kD protein ...

... and clamps the protein on DNA together with its partner protein FANCI. The monoubiquitinated FANCD2:FANCI complex coats DNA in ... Gordon SM, Buchwald M (July 2003). "Fanconi anemia protein complex: mapping protein interactions in the yeast 2- and 3-hybrid ... Gordon SM, Buchwald M (July 2003). "Fanconi anemia protein complex: mapping protein interactions in the yeast 2- and 3-hybrid ... they are related by their assembly into a common nuclear protein complex. This gene encodes the protein for complementation ...

The fibrin coat can therefore make the bacteria more virulent. Bound coagulase is part of the larger family of MSCRAMM adhesin ... The resulting complex is called staphylothrombin, which enables the enzyme to act as a protease to convert fibrinogen, a plasma ... Coagulase is a protein enzyme produced by several microorganisms that enables the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. In the ... Coagulase is tightly bound to the surface of the bacterium S. aureus and can coat its surface with fibrin upon contact with ...

"Entrez Gene: AP2S1 adaptor-related protein complex 2, sigma 1 subunit". Pearse BM, Smith CJ, Owen DJ (2000). "Clathrin coat ... AP-2 complex subunit sigma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2S1 gene. One of two major clathrin-associated ... 1991). "AP17 and AP19, the mammalian small chains of the clathrin-associated protein complexes show homology to Yap17p, their ... Page LJ, Robinson MS (1995). "Targeting signals and subunit interactions in coated vesicle adaptor complexes". J. Cell Biol. ...

He is the chair of the Institute of Physics Liquid and Complex Physics group. He is part of several initiatives to improve ... He studies the self-assembly of protein building blocks. He is on the editorial board of the Journal of Theoretical Biology. ... He went to school at the Liverpool Blue Coat School. He studied physics at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, graduating in 1991. He ... cite web}}: ,last= has generic name (help) "Study of protein cages strengthens Bristol's position at forefront of synthetic ...

Lysosomal soluble proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum via COPII-coated vesicles after recruitment by the EGRESS complex (ER ... A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane proteins, and its lumenal proteins. The lumen's pH (~4.5-5.0) is ... The production of lysosomal proteins suggests one method of lysosome sustainment. Lysosomal protein genes are transcribed in ... Jiao BB, Wang JJ, Zhu XD, Zeng LJ, Li Q, He ZH (January 2012). "A novel protein RLS1 with NB-ARM domains is involved in ...

The site of cellular contact with the extracellular matrix is the focal adhesion, a large, dynamic protein complex that ... The polymer must be coated with a material that the cell can adhere to, such as collagen or fibronectin. The gradients ... However, focal adhesions are quite more than simple anchors - their proteins have many roles in signaling. These proteins, such ... Elastin - as its name suggests - is a highly elastic protein with an important role in tissues that need to return to their ...

Separate and purify the individual chains of the protein complex, if there are more than one. Determine the amino acid ... One common substrate is glass fibre coated with polybrene, a cationic polymer. The Edman reagent, phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), ... Although proteins ionize less well than the peptides derived from them, a protein in solution may be able to be subjected to ... Protein sequencing is the practical process of determining the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein or peptide. This ...

However, peptide/protein and protein/protein conjugates have also been developed. The idea of a conjugate vaccine first ... For bacteria with a polysaccharide coating, the immune response creates B cells independent of T cell stimulation. By ... Normally, polysaccharides by themselves cannot be loaded onto the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of antigen presenting ... The Hib conjugate vaccine is combined with one of several different carrier proteins, such as the diphtheria toxoid or the ...

These pigments are embedded in plants and algae in complexes called antenna proteins. In such proteins, the pigments are ... The surface of the leaf is coated with a water-resistant waxy cuticle that protects the leaf from excessive evaporation of ... This complex is made up of a series of proteins with different pigments which surround the reaction center. As carbon dioxide ... Such a combination of proteins is also called a light-harvesting complex. Although all cells in the green parts of a plant have ...

... that coats the proteins with a negative charge. Generally, the amount of SDS bound is relative to the size of the protein ( ... Since denatured proteins act like long rods instead of having a complex tertiary shape, the rate at which the resulting SDS ... This can provide a great deal of information about the identities of the proteins in a complex. Estimation of the size of DNA ... The gel will then be physically cut, and the protein complexes extracted from each portion separately. Each extract may then be ...

2010). "Mutation in archain 1, a subunit of COPI coatomer complex, causes diluted coat color and Purkinje cell degeneration". ... Archain is a human protein that is encoded by gene which is located on chromosome 11. Also known as ARCN1, it plays a role in ... It is part of the COPI coatomer complex. Xu X, Kedlaya R, Higuchi H, et al. ( ... Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human chromosome 11, Accuracy disputes from September 2020, All accuracy disputes, ...

Hynda Kleinman, co-inventor Cultrex Myogel Hughes, C.S., Postovit, L.M., Lajoie, G.A. (2010). "Matrigel: a complex protein ... For example, endothelial cells create intricate spiderweb-like networks on Matrigel-coated surfaces but not on plastic surfaces ... Matrigel contains other proteins in small amounts and its exact composition can vary from lot to lot. For this reason, Matrigel ... The ability of Matrigel to stimulate complex cell behavior is a consequence of its heterogeneous composition. The chief ...

... s bind effector protein fragments that are produced in response to antigen-antibody complexes or damage- ... All four complement receptors can bind to fragments of complement component 3 or complement component 4 coated on pathogen ... Protein pages needing a picture, Complement system, Single-pass transmembrane proteins). ... Red blood cells (RBCs) also express CR1, which enables RBCs to carry complement-bound antigen-antibody complexes to the liver ...

I. Isolation and characterization of the protein-glycogen complex". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 245 (24): 6642-8. doi: ... Coats WS, Browner MF, Fletterick RJ, Newgard CB (August 1991). "An engineered liver glycogen phosphorylase with AMP allosteric ... This lack of easy access of the catalytic site to the surface is significant in that it makes the protein activity highly ... Residues 397-437 form this structure, which allows the protein to covalently bind to the glycogen chain a full 30 Å from the ...

Unlike bacteria, plants can modify the proteins post-translationally, allowing them to make more complex molecules. They also ... The battery was made by engineering M13 bacteriaophages so they would coat themselves in iron phosphate and then assemble ... The majority of these products are human proteins for use in medicine. Many of these proteins are impossible or difficult to ... There is also potential to use the silk producing machinery to make other valuable proteins. Proteins currently developed to be ...