No effects on the central nervous system have been seen with inhalation and oral exposure. Tests of repeated bolus dosages of 1 ... Fatty alcohols exhibit no skin sensitization. Repeated exposure to fatty alcohols produce low-level toxicity and certain ...

Abuse of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants is common. Addiction to some CNS stimulants can quickly lead to medical, ... Drug tolerance, dependence, and sensitization as well as a withdrawal syndrome can occur. Stimulants may be screened for in ... Avois, L; Robinson, N; Saudan, C; Baume, N; Mangin, P; Saugy, M (7 January 2017). "Central nervous system stimulants and sport ... Amphetamine is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the phenethylamine class that is approved for the treatment ...

Repeated exposure causes skin sensitization and may cause central nervous system and liver damage. There are two main excretion ... Integrated Risk Information System, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - ...

... kidneys and central nervous system. Hydrazine is documented as a strong skin sensitizer with potential for cross-sensitization ... central nervous system depression, lethargy, temporary blindness, seizures and coma. Exposure can also cause organ damage to ... nervous and respiratory systems. Common controls used for hydrazine include process enclosure, local exhaust ventilation and ... The first nitrous oxide-based system ever flown in space was by D-Orbit onboard their ION Satellite Carrier in 2021, using six ...

There is a strong body of evidence that the so-called sensitization of the central nervous system contributes to the emergence ... The mechanism responsible for sensitization of the central nervous system at the level of the spinal cord is different from the ... thus preventing the sensitization of the central nervous system. Another effect of naproxen is the reduction of the ... Jakubowski M, Levy D, Kainz V, Zhang XC, Kosaras B, Burstein R (2007). "Sensitization of central trigeminovascular neurons: ...

... central nervous system (CNS) effects include neuronal sensitization to tactile stimuli and mediation of some of the effects of ... However, its most important role is in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) where it maintains the viability and efficiency of ... The 5-HT2 receptors (of which the 5-HT2B receptor is a subtype) mediate many of the central and peripheral physiologic ... "Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic systems expressed in the skin". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 196 (1 ...

Groves and Thompson dual-process theory of habituation posits that two separate processes exist in the central nervous system ... Thus when the habituation process exceeds the sensitization process behavior shows habituation, but if the sensitization ... The Sokolov model assumes that when a stimulus is experienced several times, the nervous system creates a model of the expected ... involved with sensitization. The state system is seen as equivalent to a general state of arousal. Habituation has been ...

The pain appears to result from processes in the central nervous system and the condition is referred to as a "central ... Nociplastic pain (or central sensitization) is less understood and is the common explanation of the pain experienced in ... There is a bidirectional interplay between the gut and the nervous system. Therefore, the gut can affect the nervous system, ... but the nervous system can also affect the gut. Neurological effects mediated via the autonomic nervous system as well as the ...

He used the term plasticity in reference to his work on findings of degeneration and regeneration in the central nervous system ... inducing central sensitization. For instance, individuals experiencing complex regional pain syndrome demonstrate a diminished ... New neurons are constantly produced and integrated into the central nervous system throughout the life span based on this type ... Zilles K (October 1992). "Neuronal plasticity as an adaptive property of the central nervous system". Annals of Anatomy - ...

It is based on the competition of various gentle stimuli with pain transmission to the central nervous system: the so-called ... A baby's threshold for sensitization is also substantially decreased, whilst the process involves a much larger area of ... resulting in the ability of the central nervous system to inhibit nociception being more limited than in the adult. There are ... For all analgesic drugs, the immaturity of the baby's nervous system and metabolic pathways, the different way in which the ...

Vella-Brincat, Jane; Macleod, A. D. (2007). "Adverse Effects of Opioids on the Central Nervous Systems of Palliative Care ... The sensitization of pronociceptive pathways in response to opioid treatment appears to involve several pathways. Research thus ... abnormal activation of NMDA receptors in the central nervous system, and long-term potentiation of synapses between nociceptive ... The pharmacology of opioids involves the substance binding to opioid receptors in the nervous system and other tissues. The ...

... activation and sensitization of the trigeminal nerve, the autonomic nervous system, and central feedbacks. There are many ...

... which can lead to drug and neurotransmitter sensitization, central nervous system hyperexcitability, and excitotoxicity. Binge ... reduces excessive glutamate activity in the central nervous system and thereby may reduce excitotoxicity and withdrawal related ... an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory amino acids and changes in monoamine release in the central nervous system, ... Changes in the glutamate system and GABA system may play an important role at different time points during benzodiazepine ...

... and central nervous system (CNS) sensitization are key neurologic processes that appear to be involved in the induction and ... Inflammation and alteration of pain perception in the central nervous system are proposed to play important roles. The ... Watkins LR, Maier SF (February 2005). "Immune regulation of central nervous system functions: from sickness responses to ... increased central nervous system reorganisation, and a higher prevalence of dystonia. Prognosis is not favourable for cold CRPS ...

These prolonged alterations in the peripheral pain pathways can lead to increased excitability of the central nervous system ... NO plays a major role in central pain pathways and likely contributes to the process of central sensitization. Briefly, the ... forms NO which ultimately results in vasodilatation and activation of central nervous system pain pathways. Serotonin may also ... The alterations in physiology that leads to the overall process of central sensitization, involves changes at the level of ...

... is a neurological condition consisting of constant moderate to severe pain due to damage to the central nervous system (CNS) ... which causes a sensitization of the pain system. The extent of pain and the areas affected are related to the cause of the ... is suspected in individuals who complain of pain or other abnormal sensations following injury to the central nervous system. ... Ratini, Melinda (2 March 2013). "Pain Management: Central Pain Syndrome". WebMD. NIH. Retrieved 6 February 2014. "Central Pain ...

... in which she sought to define the constraints imposed on infant visual performance by the developing central nervous system. ... "spatial sensitization," the detectability of a test light is first decreased and then increased by adding light to successively ... An interest in linking propositions can be seen in Teller's early work on spatial sensitization, which was thought to represent ...

At sub-lethal doses, 1-butanol acts as a depressant of the central nervous system, similar to ethanol: one study in rats ... No skin sensitization has been observed. Irritation of the respiratory pathways occurs only at very high concentrations (>2,400 ... The depressant effect on the central nervous system (similar to ethanol intoxication) is a potential hazard when working with 1 ...

Animal experiments have shown that, at very high concentrations, the ester has central nervous system depressant and lethal ... In rare cases exposure may cause sensitization of the mucous membrane and eruptions of the skin. The irritant effect of ethyl ... symptoms of central nervous system depression, secondary anemia and liver damage. In humans, concentrations of 400 ppm cause ...

Central sensitization is a broader term referring to a hyperexcitability of the nervous system, usually including hyperalgesia ... Its causes are not fully understood but it is thought to be a dysfunction of the central nervous system whose processing of ... Its causes are not fully understood but it is thought to be a dysfunction of the central nervous system whose processing of ... Specific central nervous system locations that have been suggested are nociceptive neurons, spinal and supraspinal structures, ...

In the mid-1950s it was proposed that serotonin had a role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) of animals ... Also they are thought to promote neurogenic inflammatory response important for sensitization of sensory afferents, and also ... Most mammalian species, including humans, have 5-HT1D binding sites widely distributed throughout the central nervous system. 5 ... but have a higher potential for central nervous side effects. Donitriptan and avitriptan were never marketed. The history of ...

Swedberg MD, Raboisson P (August 2014). "AZD9272 and AZD2066: selective and highly central nervous system penetrant mGluR5 ... of the effects of a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5-antagonist on electrically induced pain and central sensitization in ...

Bagnoli, P; Brunelli, M; Magni, F (May 1972). "A fast conducting pathway in the central nervous system of the leech Hirudo ... This has made it possible to make great progress in understanding the mechanisms of habituation and sensitization. In a series ... The nervous system of this annelid consists of a chain of interconnected ganglia that contain relatively large and easily ... Together with Franco Magni he published researches on the nervous system of the pigeon and the leech and on the hormonal ...

The World Health Organization classes chronic fatigue syndrome as a central nervous system disease. Some neuroimaging studies ... Central sensitization, or increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli such as pain have been observed in CFS. Sensitivity to pain ... Problems with the nervous and immune systems, and energy metabolism, may be factors. ME/CFS is a biological disease, not a ... Diseases of the nervous system Jason LA, Zinn ML, Zinn MA (2 February 2017). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis: Symptoms and ...

They could include diseases or disorders in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Examples of neuropathic ... Noxious input to the spinal cord is known to produce central sensitization, which consists of allodynia, exaggeration of pain, ... or in the central nervous system (neuropathic, neurogenic, or psychogenic). Itch originating in the skin is known as ... or changes in hormonal balances associated with aging Terminal illness Itch can originate in the peripheral nervous system ( ...

... concentrating on the effects of drugs and drug addiction on the central nervous system neurotransmitters. She has written ... Retrieved 15 July 2015.[permanent dead link] "Brain opioidergic systems and neurobehavioral sensitization in addiction to ... "brain opioidergic systems and neurobehavioral sensitization in addiction to alcohol". Sleeman, Elizabeth, ed. (2001). The ...

... is also expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and has been proposed as a target for treatment not only ... Phosphorylation of TRPV1 by protein kinase C have been shown to play a role in sensitization of TRPV1. The cleavage of PIP2 by ... Hence, there may be therapeutic potential in modulating TRPV1 in the central nervous system, perhaps as a treatment for ... Starowicz K, Cristino L, Di Marzo V (2008). "TRPV1 receptors in the central nervous system: potential for previously unforeseen ...

... indicating that the central nervous system is sufficiently developed and primed for learning and memory to occur very early on ... This concept acts in direct opposition to sensitization. Sensitization is an example of non-associative learning in which the ... the further development of the nervous system other activities may also have effects on the development of the nervous system, ... The nervous system continues to develop during adulthood until brain death. For example: physical exercise has neurobiological ...

Since CCI produces central nervous system hyperexcitability that is mediated by spinal cord NMDA and non-NMDA receptor ... This may reflect the different fibre populations involved or the greater impact of central sensitization in mechanical ... receptor-mediated central nervous system excitability that may occur following peripheral nerve injury. Both dextrorphan and ... Peripheral neuropathy is a general term that indicates any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The name of the disorder ...

The amino acid L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic ... showing intimate involvement in the development of behavioral sensitization towards ethanol in animal models. In addition to ... mGluR5 receptors are also expressed outside the central nervous system, and mGluR5 antagonists have been shown to be ...