Central nervous system (CNS): Stimuli can affect areas of the CNS including the cerebral cortex and the limbic system. These ... obstruction Colonic obstruction Superior mesenteric artery syndrome Enteric infections Viral infection Bacterial infection ... Vestibular system: This system is activated by disturbances to the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear. These include ... Gastrointestinal infection is one of the most common causes of acute nausea and vomiting. Chronic nausea may be the ...

... including the nervous system, the immune system, insulin secretion, blood clotting, viral infection, and bacterial infection. ... nervous system and is found in high levels in the myelin sheath in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous ... and 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide can be located mainly in the central nervous system as well as in the peripheral nervous system ... produced by the oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and in the Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. ...

... cefotaxime is a more suitable cephalosporin than cefaclor for infections of the central nervous system, e.g. meningitis. ... is a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat certain bacterial infections such as pneumonia and infections of ... biliary tract infections, peritonitis, and urinary tract infections. The pharmacology of the cephalosporins is similar to that ... Cefaclor is frequently used against bacteria responsible for causing skin infections, otitis media, urinary tract infections, ...

In addition to pituitary tumors, tumors in various locations in the central nervous system may cause depressive symptoms and be ... Lyme disease; is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete bacterium transmitted by the Deer tick ( ... NCC is the most common helminthic (parasitic worm) infestation of the central nervous system worldwide. Humans develop ... Depression after infection with West Nile virus Murray KO, Resnick M, Miller V. Depression after infection with West Nile virus ...

After the worm exits the skin the wound caused by the emerging worm often develops a secondary bacterial infection. Permanent ... from a worm that fails to reach the skin and gets calcified in or along the joint or finds its way into the central nervous ... causing an acute inflammatory response from the host's immune system. The female guinea worm slowly starts to emerge from the ... and secondary bacterial infections. As it emerges to the subcutaneous tissue, the female releases a toxic chemical that may ...

... and these membranes surround the central nervous system. If an infection forms, it can lead to a disease called meningitis ... Meningitis is the inflammation of meninges caused by bacterial or viral infections. The capacity of an adult human cranial ... The three meninges are the three membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord, in which the central nervous system ... Cerebrospinal Fluid occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. ...

... bones or central nervous system. Although blastomycosis is especially dangerous for those with weak immune systems, most people ... In most such cases, the infection in the dog becomes apparent before the human infection. This may be due to a shortened ... The onset is relatively slow and symptoms are suggestive of bacterial pneumonia, often leading to initial treatment with ... Overall, 4-6% of people who develop blastomycosis die; however, if the central nervous system is involved, this rises to 18%. ...

An itch is triggered by both the peripheral and central nervous system in response through a complex circuit of neurons. ... Shorter fingernails can also help to minimize scratching and reducing chances of bacterial infection. Severe, untreated chronic ... to be effective in relieving pruritus as well due to their antagonizing effects on receptors within the central nervous system ... electrical currents that can redirect how the signaling cascade is fired through the peripheral and central nervous systems. ...

A number of conditions that involve the central nervous system may lead to vertigo including: lesions caused by infarctions or ... Any cause of inflammation such as common cold, influenza, and bacterial infections may cause transient vertigo if it involves ... Vertigo that arises from injury to the balance centers of the central nervous system (CNS), often from a lesion in the ... Central vertigo may not improve or may do so more slowly than vertigo caused by disturbance to peripheral structures. Alcohol ...

The meninges (and sometimes the brain itself) begin to swell, which affects the central nervous system.[citation needed] Even ... villages are breeding grounds for bacterial transmission and lead to a high prevalence of respiratory tract infections, which ... meningitis this is caused by the bacteria invading the cerebrospinal fluid and circulating through the central nervous system. ... Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group (ed.). "Antibiotics for preventing meningococcal infections". Cochrane Database of ...

There is no penetration into the central nervous system and therefore cefazolin is not effective in treating meningitis. ... is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. Specifically it is ... tract infections Urinary tract infections Skin infections Biliary tract infections Bone and joint infections Genital infections ... used to treat cellulitis, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, endocarditis, joint infection, and biliary tract infections. It ...

Because of this, respiratory and central nervous system opportunistic infections, including tuberculosis and meningitis, ... José RJ, Periselneris JN, Brown JS (June 2020). "Opportunistic bacterial, viral and fungal infections of the lung". Medicine. ... which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system infections, like meningitis. Histoplasma capsulatum is a ... and physiological influence on the central nervous system". PLOS Pathogens. 13 (7): e1006351. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006351 ...

It cushions the central nervous system. This thin, transparent membrane is composed of fibrous tissue and, like the pia mater, ... Other medical conditions that affect the meninges include meningitis (usually from a fungal, bacterial, or viral infection) and ... The arachnoid is attached to the dura mater, while the pia mater is attached to the central nervous system tissue. When the ... The primary function of the meninges is to protect the central nervous system. The dura mater (Latin: tough mother) (also ...

At therapeutic doses they include: central nervous system toxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, tendon / articular toxicity, and ... Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis caused by S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae ... Gemifloxacin is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms in the ... is an oral broad-spectrum quinolone antibacterial agent used in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic ...

... lesions in acute TM are mostly limited to the spinal cord with no involvement of other structures in the central nervous system ... Viral association of transverse myelitis could result from the infection itself or from the response to it. Bacterial causes ... Other causes of TM include infections, immune system disorders, and demyelinating diseases. Viral infections known to be ... Disturbances in sensory nerves and motor nerves and dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system at the level of the lesion or ...

... a part of the central nervous system. However, the anterior horn is also part of the motor unit. Diseases that affect the ... Tetanus and botulism are bacterial infections in which bacterial toxins cause increased or decreased muscle tone, respectively ... A neuromuscular disease is any disease affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the neuromuscular junction, or skeletal ... such as the failure of the body's system for absorbing vitamin B-12. Diseases of the motor end plate include myasthenia gravis ...

... species have also been shown to infect the central nervous system in a dog "without history or evidence of previous ... though the resulting symptoms may be similar to those resulting from infections by other bacterial species. Aggregatibacter ... Clinical laboratories do culture and isolate them, but a negative result does not rule out infection, because it may be due ... As with other opportunistic infections, people with immunodeficiency are at higher risk. In all of the preceding traits and in ...

CSPGs have been implicated in inhibiting axonal regeneration and neurogenesis after central nervous system injury. CSPGs are ... Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a cytokine that is useful against fighting bacterial infections and helping to suppress tumors ... "The role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in regeneration and plasticity in the central nervous system". Brain Research ... Siebert JR, Conta Steencken A, Osterhout DJ (September 2014). "Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Nervous System: ...

Sabbatani S, Manfredi R, Frank G, Chiodo F (June 2005). "Linezolid in the treatment of severe central nervous system infections ... Fungal infections such as thrush and vaginal candidiasis may also occur as linezolid suppresses normal bacterial flora and ... Nonetheless, it has been used successfully in many cases of central nervous system infection-including meningitis-caused by ... Ntziora F, Falagas ME (February 2007). "Linezolid for the treatment of patients with central nervous system infection". Annals ...

... poorly penetrates the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system due to binding to P-glycoprotein. ... bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections Insomnia Irritability Malaise Muscle atrophy and myopathy Nausea Ocular ... August 2022). "Co-infection and ICU-acquired infection in COIVD-19 ICU patients: a secondary analysis of the UNITE-COVID data ... "Increased risk of central line-associated bloodstream infection in COVID-19 patients associated with dexamethasone but not with ...

Adverse drug reactions appear to be limited to the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system. Hypersensitivity ... There are reports that cinoxacin had also been used to treat initial and recurrent urinary tract infections and bacterial ... A comparison of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in the treatment of chronic urinary tract infections]". Infection (in German). 10 ... Urinary tract infections only 250 mg, capsules (prescription only) Cinoxacin mode of action involves the inhibiting of DNA ...

For example, Tuberculous meningitis is caused by a bacterial infection, and is therefore listed in Chapter 1, Infectious and ... classified elsewhere 337.9 Unspecified 340 Multiple sclerosis 341 Other demyelinating diseases of central nervous system 341.0 ... 349 Other and unspecified disorders of the nervous system 349.0 Reaction to spinal or lumbar puncture 349.1 Nervous system ... This is a shortened version of the sixth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs. It covers ICD ...

Inflammatory cytokines can also signal to the central nervous system more directly by specialized transport mechanisms through ... to infection. The APR can be triggered by lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans from bacterial cell walls, bacterial DNA, and ... Murray, M. J.; Murray, A. B. (1979). "Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense". The American Journal of Clinical ... Exton, M. S. (1997). "Infection-Induced Anorexia: Active Host Defence Strategy". Appetite. 2 (3): 369-383. doi:10.1006/appe. ...

Such measurements can be useful to avoid central nervous system toxicity in any person receiving large doses of the drug on a ... is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, strep throat, syphilis, necrotizing ... Rarely central nervous system toxicity including convulsions (especially with high doses or in severe renal impairment), ... except for in the nervous system, in which it is one of the most active drugs among β-lactam agents. In addition, ...

"8E4A.0 Paraneoplastic or Autoimmune Disorders of the Central Nervous System, Brain or Spinal Cord". ICD-11 for Mortality and ... In a typical bacterial infection, the body produces antibodies against the invading bacteria, and the antibodies help eliminate ... PANDAS is mentioned in the World Health Organization's ICD-11, effective in 2022, under autoimmune central nervous system ... Central nervous system disorders, Autoimmune diseases, Tourette syndrome, Biology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ...

"Listeria monocytogenes-infected phagocytes can initiate central nervous system infection in mice". Infect Immun. 69 (3): 1344- ... The bacterial metalloprotease Mpl cleaves ActA in a pH-dependent fashion while the bacterium is still within the acidified ... The most severe symptoms of Listeriosis result from involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). These severe and often ... Drevets DA, Leenen PJ, Greenfield RA (2004). "Invasion of the central nervous system by intracellular bacteria". Clin Microbiol ...

It can also affect the central nervous system, causing psychotic reactions, nightmares, and night sweats. Erythromycin is ... Erythromycin is an antibiotic used for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes respiratory tract ... infections, skin infections, chlamydia infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, and syphilis. It may also be used during ... bacterial gill illness, and hemorrhagic septicaemia are all examples of bacterial diseases in fish that may be treated and ...

Accumulation of excess bilirubin can cause central nervous system damage, and so this buildup of bilirubin must be treated. ... Certain dental infections (peri-implantitis, periodontitis) are more difficult to treat with PDT as opposed to photothermal ... aPDT has shown lowered efficacy on some other bacterial species, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. ... In addition, PTT can be used in hypoxic environments and on deeper wounds, infections, and tumors than PDT due to the higher ...

Cocaine use also results in low birthweight, damage to the central nervous system, and motor dysfunction. The vasoconstriction ... Bacterial or parasitic diseases may also be passed on to the fetus, and include chlamydia, syphilis, tuberculosis, malaria, and ... The risk of fetal infection is lowest during early pregnancy, and highest during the third trimester. However, in early ... There is an increased risk for SIDS, dysfunction in the central nervous system, and neurological dysfunctions including tremors ...

... peripheral nervous system, and central nervous system. B. Burgdorferi does not produce toxins. Therefore, many of the signs and ... Successful infection of the mammalian host depends on bacterial expression of OspC. Tick bites often go unnoticed because of ... Tryptophan, a precursor to serotonin, appears to be reduced within the central nervous system in a number of infectious ... However, in untreated people, the infection often disseminates to the nervous system, heart, or joints, possibly causing ...