Their key effector cytokine is IL-10. Their main effector cells are NK cells as well as CD8 T cells, IgG B cells, and IL-10 CD4 ... The T helper cells (Th cells), also known as CD4+ cells or CD4-positive cells, are a type of T cell that play an important role ... CD4+ T cells can also stimulate cells such as natural killer cells and macrophages via cytokines such as interferon-gamma, ... Th cells contain and release cytokines to aid other immune cells. Cytokines are small protein mediators that alter the behavior ...
IL-31 is an inflammatory cytokine that helps trigger cell-mediated immunity against pathogens. It has also been identified as a ... The cytokines in the IL-6 family signal through type I cytokine receptors. Type I cytokine receptors are defined by sharing ... in particular activated TH2 helper cells, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It major sites of action are the skin, ... July 2004). "Interleukin 31, a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice". Nature Immunology. 5 (7): ...
Ibelgaufts H (2002-01-01). "Uteroferrin". Cytokines & Cells Encyclopedia - COPE. Retrieved 2010-12-02. Baumbach GA, Ketcham CM ... sheep uterine serpin can inhibit lymphocyte and natural killer cell function in vitro and reduce natural-killer cell mediated ... Cell Biol. 35 (11): 1536-47. doi:10.1016/S1357-2725(03)00134-1. PMID 12824063. Stewart MD, Johnson GA, Gray CA, et al. (June ... Another possible role for uterine serpins is in the inhibition of immune cell proliferation during pregnancy to provide ...
IL-10 is capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, TNFα and GM-CSF made by cells ... mast cells, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, and in a certain subset of activated T cells and B cells. IL-10 can be produced ... it is also stimulatory towards certain T cells (Th2) and mast cells and stimulates B cell maturation and antibody production. ... Discovered in 1991, IL-10 was initially reported to suppress cytokine secretion, antigen presentation and CD4+ T cell ...
... a cytokine produced by activated T cells, induces dermatitis in mice". Nat Immunol. 5 (7): 752-60. doi:10.1038/ni1084. PMID ... Ghilardi N, Li J, Hongo JA, Yi S, Gurney A, de Sauvage FJ (May 2002). "A novel type I cytokine receptor is expressed on ... Cytokine Netw. 15 (4): 291-302. PMID 15627637. Bilsborough J, Leung DY, Maurer M, et al. (2006). "IL-31 is associated with ... IL31RA is related to gp130 (IL6ST; MIM 600694), the common receptor subunit for IL6 (MIM 147620)-type cytokines. Oncostatin M ...
T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, fibroblasts, endothelial cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells, brain ... CCL4 is a small cytokine that belongs to the CC chemokine subfamily. CCL4 is being secreted under mitogenic signals and ... CCL4 is produced by: neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, T cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. CCL4 has ... T cells and B cells secrete CCL4 response to Ag receptor (BCR) triggering. NK cells produce CCL4 in response to stimulation ...
... alpha-induced apoptosis by disrupting recruitment of TRADD and RIP to the TNF receptor 1 complex in Jurkat T cells". Mol. Cell ... Heyninck K, Beyaert R (1999). "The cytokine-inducible zinc finger protein A20 inhibits IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation at the ... 1996). "A20, an inhibitor of cell death, self-associates by its zinc finger domain". FEBS Lett. 384 (1): 61-4. doi:10.1016/0014 ... Baltathakis I, Alcantara O, Boldt DH (2001). "Expression of different NF-kappaB pathway genes in dendritic cells (DCs) or ...
IL-33 and growth-stimulatory cytokines such as G-CSF. SAA1 may also be produced by macrophages and epithelial cells in various ... Cell. 163 (2): 381-93. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.061. PMC 4621768. PMID 26411290. Ji YR, Kim HJ, Bae KB, Lee S, Kim MO, Ryoo ... Cell. 163 (2): 381-93. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.061. PMC 4621768. PMID 26411290. Kisilevsky R, Tam SP (2002). "Acute phase ... Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α are major stimulants for hepatocyte expression of the SAA1 gene. Inducible ...
... an IL-10-related cytokine produced by Th17 cells". Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews. IL-10 Family of Cytokines. 21 (5): 393-401 ... CD4+ T cells polarized toward a regulatory phenotype (Treg), naïve CD4+ T cells, and T helper 2 cells show low or no expression ... Furthermore, Th17 cell-derived IL-26 formed complexes with bacterial DNA and self-DNA released by dying bacteria and host cells ... Since then it was confirmed that T helper 1 cells and Th17 memory CD4+ cells are the major sources of IL-26. More accurately, ...
Cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), also known as Novel Neurotrophin-1 (NNT-1) or B cell-stimulating factor-3 (BSF-3 ... 2001). "Signaling pathways recruited by the cardiotrophin-like cytokine/cytokine-like factor-1 composite cytokine: specific ... 1999). "Novel neurotrophin-1/B cell-stimulating factor-3: a cytokine of the IL-6 family". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (20 ... CLCF1 is capable of B cell activation via gp130 receptor stimulation. CLCF1 is a cytokine belonging to the interleukin-6 (IL6) ...
Smaller cytokine production reduces the T cell proliferation. Glucocorticoids, however, not only reduce T cell proliferation, ... Glucocorticoids suppress cell-mediated immunity by inhibiting genes that code for the cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, ... Glucocorticoids cause B cells to express smaller amounts of IL-2 and of IL-2 receptors. This diminishes both B cell clone ... The effect is more prominent in immature T cells still inside in the thymus, but peripheral T cells are also affected. The ...
... and the opposing ephrin-bearing cell ("reverse" signaling) following cell-cell contact, which is known as bi-directional ... Surawska H, Ma PC, Salgia R (December 2004). "The role of ephrins and Eph receptors in cancer". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15 ... The ability of Ephs and ephrins to mediate a variety of cell-cell interactions places the Eph/ephrin system in an ideal ... Genander M, Frisén J (October 2010). "Ephrins and Eph receptors in stem cells and cancer". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 22 (5): 611-6 ...
Shuai K (February 2006). "Regulation of cytokine signaling pathways by PIAS proteins". Cell Research. 16 (2): 196-202. doi: ... In cell culture, overexpression of PIAS3 demonstrated an increased resistance of HeLa cells to ionizing radiation. This ... Additionally, overexpression of PIAS3 inhibited human lung cancer cell growth in vitro and rendered cancer cells up to twelve ... While inhibition of PIAS by siRNAs led cancer cells to accelerate cell proliferation and demonstrate higher levels of ...
Th9 cells are regarded as the major CD4+ T cells that produce IL-9. Il-9 is a cytokine secreted by CD4+ helper cells that acts ... IL-9 is produced by variety of cells like mast cells, NKT cells, Th2, Th17, Treg, ILC2, and Th9 cells in different amounts. ... "Cloning and expression of a cDNA for the human homolog of mouse T cell and mast cell growth factor P40". Cytokine. 2 (1): 9-12 ... This cytokine stimulates cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis. It functions through the interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), ...
IL-2 - a cytokine key activating factor for T cells and B cells secreted by T cells. Cells in early-stage activation ... BCGF II - a cytokine secreted by T cells. BCDF - causes calcium influx in cells, critical for differentiation. It is the only ... IL-4 - cytokine associated with the differentiation of mature T cells, which some B cell precursors are also responsive to. IL- ... February 1983). "B cell growth factors and B cell differentiation factor from human T hybridomas. Two distinct kinds of B cell ...
161-. ISBN 978-3-540-26861-1. G.A.W. Rook; S. Lightman (6 December 2012). Steroid Hormones and the T-Cell Cytokine Profile. ... "Neurosteroids and microneurotrophins signal through NGF receptors to induce prosurvival signaling in neuronal cells". Sci ...
Rutella S, Danese S, Leone G (September 2006). "Tolerogenic dendritic cells: cytokine modulation comes of age". Blood. 108 (5 ... "Tumor cells convert immature myeloid dendritic cells into TGF-beta-secreting cells inducing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell ... These tolerogenic effects are mostly mediated through regulation of T cells such as inducing T cell anergy, T cell apoptosis ... "Differentiation of Tr1 cells by immature dendritic cells requires IL-10 but not CD25+CD4+ Tr cells". Blood. 105 (3): 1162-9. ...
Shuai K (Feb 2006). "Regulation of cytokine signaling pathways by PIAS proteins". Cell Research. 16 (2): 196-202. doi:10.1038/ ... 2000). "SAF-Box, a conserved protein domain that specifically recognizes scaffold attachment region DNA". Mol Cell Biol. 20 (20 ... regulators of JAK/STAT signaling in HTLV-1 transformed cell lines and freshly transformed human peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells ... activated murine myeloblast M1 cells. This interaction is mediated via PIAS3 binding to the STAT3 DNA binding domain. Hence, ...
This cytokine is expressed in B cell lineage cells, and acts as a potent B cell activator. It has been also shown to play an ... Zhou T, Zhang J, Carter R, Kimberly R (2003). "BLyS and B cell autoimmunity". B Cell Biology in Autoimmunity. pp. 21-37. doi: ... This interaction triggers signals essential for the formation and maintenance of B cell, thus it is important for a B-cell ... It is expressed as a membrane-bound type II transmembrane protein on various cell types including monocytes, dendritic cells ...
Cell. 11 (8): 2691-704. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.8.2691. PMC 14949. PMID 10930463. Ludbrook SB, Barry ST, Delves CJ, Horgan CM (2003 ... Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 10 (2): 99-117. doi:10.1016/S1359-6101(99)00010-6. PMID 10743502. Keski-Oja J, Koli K, von Melchner ... Cell Genet. 66 (2): 117-119. doi:10.1159/000133680. PMID 8287682. Olofsson A, Ichijo H, Morén A, et al. (1996). "Efficient ... Cell. 11 (8): 2691-704. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.8.2691. ISSN 1059-1524. PMC 14949. PMID 10930463. Saharinen J, Hyytiäinen M, Taipale ...
"Molecular cloning of a human novel type I cytokine receptor related to delta1/TSLPR". Cytogenet Cell Genet. 93 (1-2): 23-5. doi ... "Identification of a novel type I cytokine receptor CRL2 preferentially expressed by human dendritic cells and activated ... a novel type I cytokine receptor preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells" (PDF). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272 (1 ... the components of which are mostly members of the type I cytokine receptor family. Type I cytokine receptors share conserved ...
Human interferon alpha-2 (IFNα2) is a cytokine belonging to the family of type I IFNs. IFNα2 is a protein secreted by cells ... Induced IFNα2 is secreted by the infected cells and acts locally as well as systemically on cells expressing a specific cell ... Several ISGs inhibit viral replication in the infected cells. Other ISGs protect neighbouring uninfected cells from being ... "High efficiency cell-specific targeting of cytokine activity". Nat Commun. 5: 3016. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.3016G. doi:10.1038/ ...
... versus B-cell-mediated hyperacute rejection). It involves direct cytotoxicity and cytokine mediated pathways. Acute rejection ... It is characterized by the binding of these antibodies to antigens on vascular endothelial cells. Complement activation is ... Acute rejection is mediated by T cells ( ...
Its suppressive effect on cytokine-induced cell growth". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (52): 32785-91. doi:10.1074/ ... Its suppressive effect on cytokine-induced cell growth". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (52): 32785-91. doi:10.1074/ ... This gene was identified by the rapid tyrosine-phosphorylation of its product in response to cytokine stimulation. The encoded ... and is phosphorylated by the JAK kinases upon cytokine stimulation, which suggests the function of this protein is as an ...
T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine. The pharmaceutical ... GM-CSF is a monomeric glycoprotein that functions as a cytokine-it is a white blood cell growth factor. GM-CSF stimulates stem ... The cytokine activates macrophages to inhibit fungal survival. It induces deprivation in intracellular free zinc and increases ... The human gene has been localized in close proximity to the interleukin 3 gene within a T helper type 2-associated cytokine ...
"Microbot origami can capture, transport single cells". phys.org. Retrieved 2022-12-04. Ktori, Sophia (2020-04-30). "Cytokine " ... "Backpacks" boost immune cells' ability to kill cancer". seas.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2022-12-04. "New collaborative grants ... During the attainment of his PhD, Shields studied magnetic and acoustic methods for isolation and analysis of cells. Shields ... Current research includes investigating the role of immune cells in decompression sickness using lung-on-a-chip devices, ...
Cytokines play an important role in promoting wound healing and tissue repair. Cell injury results in MIF release which then ... November 2000). "Intracellular action of the cytokine MIF to modulate AP-1 activity and the cell cycle through Jab1". Nature. ... July 2012). "A Plasmodium-encoded cytokine suppresses T-cell immunity during malaria". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Hence, MIF is classified as an inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, glucocorticoids also stimulate white blood cells to release ...
The type-I interferons (IFN) are cytokines which play essential roles in inflammation, immunoregulation, tumor cells ... IFN-α and IFN-β are secreted by many cell types including lymphocytes (NK cells, B-cells and T-cells), macrophages, fibroblasts ... In mice, IFN-β inhibits immune cell production of growth factors, thereby slowing tumor growth, and inhibits other cells from ... increase the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduce T cell infiltration into the brain. One of the major limiting ...
Host and Environmental Factors Influencing Individual Human Cytokine Responses. Cell. 2016;167:1111-1124 (28.7) Li Y, Oosting M ... A Functional Genomics Approach to Understand Variation in Cytokine Production in Humans. Cell. 2016;167:1099-1110 (28.7) ... Linking the Human Gut Microbiome to Inflammatory Cytokine Production Capacity. Cell. 2016;167:1125-1136 (28.7) Netea MG, ... Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:89-100 (13.4) Ter Horst R, Jaeger M, Smeekens SP, … , Wijmenga C, Notebaart RA, Joosten LA, Netea MG ...
"Cytokines & Cells Online Pathfinder Encyclopedia". Retrieved 25 April 2013. Betts, J Gordon; Desaix, Peter; Johnson, Eddie; ... Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types. The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the ... In cell biology, a unipotent cell is the concept that one stem cell has the capacity to differentiate into only one cell type. ... A close synonym for unipotent cell is precursor cell. Biology portal Induced stem cells Cell totipotency was discovered by ...