The CD1 proteins mediate the presentation of primarily lipid and glycolipid antigens of self or microbial origin to T cells. ... Brigl M, Brenner MB (2004). "CD1: antigen presentation and T cell function". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22 (1): 817-90. doi:10.1146/ ... 1988). "Structure and expression of the human thymocyte antigens CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (24): ... Quaranta MG, Mattioli B, Giordani L, Viora M (2006). "The immunoregulatory effects of HIV-1 Nef on dendritic cells and the ...
Healthy cells typically express a large number of self derived pMHC on their cell surface and although the T cell antigen ... Cytotoxic T cells (TC cells, CTLs, T-killer cells, killer T cells) destroy virus-infected cells and tumor cells, and are also ... T helper cells (TH cells) assist other lymphocytes, including the maturation of B cells into plasma cells and memory B cells, ... T cell exhaustion can be triggered by several factors like persistent antigen exposure and lack of CD4 T cell help. Antigen ...
Cell 1994; 78: 773-785. Goldberg AL, Gaczynska M, Grant E, Michalek M, Rock KL. Functions of the proteasome in antigen ... Cell. 144 (4): 526-538. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.02.005. PMC 3063399. PMID 21335235. Lokireddy, S.; Kukushkin, N. V.; Goldberg, ... Mol Cell. 2007 Sep 7;27(5):731-44. PubMed PMID: 17803938; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2083707. Smith DM, Fraga H, Reis C, Kafri G ... J Cell Biol. 2012 Nov 12;199(4):583-8. PubMed PMID: 23148232; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3494858. Coux O, Tanaka K, Goldberg AL. ...
Both foreign and endogenous lipid antigens activate these cells. The TCR usually recognizes the hydrophilic part of the antigen ... Most identified T-cells that bind group 1 CD1 proteins are αβ T cells and some are γδ T cells. ... are rare in healthy monocytes and B cells but are abundant in leukemic cells. CD1c self-reactive T cells were found to kill ... Small hydrophobic antigens lacking a polar part have also been shown to activate CD1a-restricted T cells, indicating that in ...
Wolf U (1998). "The serologically detected H-Y antigen revisited". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 80 (1-4): 232-5. doi:10.1159 ... Cell. 128 (5): 877-87. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.004. PMID 17320162. S2CID 6519228. JARID1D+protein,+human at the U.S. ... Cell. 128 (6): 1077-88. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.02.017. PMID 17320160. S2CID 14729302. Lee MG, Norman J, Shilatifard A, ... The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain". DNA ...
Cell Biol. 10 (6): 742-8. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80117-8. PMID 9914182. Mimura S, Takisawa H (1998). "Xenopus Cdc45- ... Pollok S, Bauerschmidt C, Sänger J, Nasheuer HP, Grosse F (Jul 2007). "Human Cdc45 is a proliferation-associated antigen". FEBS ... "Entrez Gene: CDC45L CDC45 cell division cycle 45-like (S. cerevisiae)". Kneissl M, Pütter V, Szalay AA, Grummt F (Mar 2003). " ... Genes Cells. 12 (6): 745-58. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2007.01090.x. PMID 17573775. S2CID 41805586. Pollok S, Grosse F (2007). " ...
Myeloid antigens are expressed. Diagnosis of poorly differentiated cases made by electron microscopy. May manifest basophil and ... mast cell granules by EM. Cytogenetically heterogeneous but frequently associated with Philadelphia chromosome. There is no ...
White Cell Differentiation Antigens. Oxford University Press. Knapp, W; et al. (1989). Leucocyte Typing IV. Oxford University ... This CD combination typically corresponds to a stem cell, as opposed to a fully differentiated endothelial cell. Some cell ... see cell signaling). Some CD proteins do not play a role in cell signaling, but have other functions, such as cell adhesion. CD ... In the example of CD4 & CD8, these molecules are critical in antigen recognition. Others (e.g., CD135) act as cell surface ...
Brown, D (1996). "Antigen retrieval in cryostat tissue sections and cultured cells by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate ( ... Antigen retrieval is an approach to reducing or eliminating these chemical modifications. The two primary methods of antigen ... "Antigen Retrieval Methods". R&D Systems. Retrieved 20 March 2019. "Antigen Retrieval Methods, Techniques, Protocols". www. ... Ino, Hidetoshi (2003). "Antigen retrieval by heating en bloc for pre-fixed frozen material". The Journal of Histochemistry and ...
EBNA2 is involved in the regulation of latent viral transcription and contributes to the immortalization of EBV infected cells ... The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA-2) is one of the six EBV viral nuclear proteins expressed in latently infected B ... Palermo RD, Webb HM, Gunnell A, West MJ (August 2008). "Regulation of transcription by the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen ... EBNA2 transactivates the promoters of the latent membrane antigens LMP, TP1 and TP2. Additionally, EBNA2 interacts with an ...
... is a lactosylceramide, a class of glycosphingolipids found in microdomains on the plasma layers of numerous cells ... CDw17+antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) v t e (Articles needing additional ...
T-lymphocyte surface antigen Ly-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY9 gene. LY9 has also recently been designated ... Sayós J, Martín M, Chen A, Simarro M, Howie D, Morra M, Engel P, Terhorst C (2001). "Cell surface receptors Ly-9 and CD84 ... "Entrez Gene: LY9 lymphocyte antigen 9". Sayós J, Martín M, Chen A, Simarro M, Howie D, Morra M, Engel P, Terhorst C (Jun 2001 ... Tovar V, de la Fuente MA, Pizcueta P, Bosch J, Engel P (2000). "Gene structure of the mouse leukocyte cell surface molecule Ly9 ...
There are 19 known Lutheran antigens. All of these antigens arise from variations in a gene called BCAM (basal cell adhesion ... The antigens Aua and Aub, known as the Auberger antigens, were once thought to make up a separate blood group but were later ... The Lutheran antigen systems is a classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on ... ISBN 978-0-7817-6507-7. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Blood antigen systems, ...
This protein is localized in germ cells of the testis at all stages of spermatogenesis and is localized to the acrosomal region ... "Entrez Gene: SPAG8 sperm associated antigen 8". Diekman AB, Herr JC (1997). "Sperm antigens and their use in the development of ... Sperm-associated antigen 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SPAG8 gene. The correlation of anti-sperm antibodies ... 2001). "Human sperm membrane protein (hSMP-1): a developmental testis-specific component during germ cell differentiation". ...
Because T cells recognize only fragmented antigens displayed on cell surfaces, antigen processing must occur before the antigen ... Antigens generated endogenously within these cells are bound to MHC-I molecules and presented on the cell surface. This antigen ... Large complexes of intact antigen are presented in lymph nodes to B cells by follicular dendritic cells in the form of immune ... They have to be activated by the pMHC-I complexes of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Here, antigen can be presented directly ( ...
Inactivation of antigen KI-67 leads to inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis, but does not significantly affect cell ... in HeLa cells. Dividing cells show strong Ki-67 staining in cell nuclei while all cells contain large amounts of tubulin, the ... cells (G0). Cellular content of Ki-67 protein markedly increases during cell progression through S phase of the cell cycle. In ... "Cell cycle dependent expression and stability of the nuclear protein detected by Ki-67 antibody in HL-60 cells". Cell ...
In 1985, using antigen-specific T and B cell clones, Lanzavecchia demonstrated that B cells efficiently capture, process and ... and the role of inflammatory stimuli in promoting antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells (). In 1994 Sallusto and ... present antigen to T helper cells (). This study uncovered a critical step in the process of T-B cell cooperation that is ... Sallusto, F.; Lanzavecchia, A. (1994). "Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is ...
The number of antigen-forming cells increases following injections of tuftsin T-dependent antigen. Tuftsin enhances the antigen ... This was also demonstrated in vitro using HL60 leukemia cells. Tuftsin acts at the level of antigen processing. Antigen uptake ... Stimulation of pinocytosis is exerted only on phagocytic cells, not on cultured cell line mouse leukemia. The vertical motility ... The phagocytic cell plays a unique role in releasing its own activator. Leukokininase can be found on the outer membrane of ...
"A new MAGE gene with ubiquitous expression does not code for known MAGE antigens recognized by T cells". Cancer Res. 59 (16): ... Melanoma-associated antigen D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAGED2 gene. This gene is a member of the MAGED ... doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.09.026. PMID 17081983. Papageorgio C, Brachmann R, Zeng J, et al. (2007). "MAGED2: a novel p53- ... Cell Genet. 94 (3-4): 233-40. doi:10.1159/000048822. PMID 11856887. S2CID 44297066. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et ...
It is considered a pan-B cell antigen. Other names include Cdw78, Ba antigen, Leu21 and LO-panB-a. It is part of the MHC class ... CD78 is expressed on all stages of B cell development from pre-B cell through plasma cells. Its expression is strongest on ... Slack JL, Armitage RJ, Ziegler SF, Dower SK, Gruss HJ (July 1995). "Molecular characterization of the pan-B cell antigen CDw78 ... It is also present on tissue macrophages and on epithelial cells. With flow cytometry, it can be used to detect B cells during ...
The protein encoded by this gene functions as a docking protein acting downstream of Tec tyrosine kinase in B cell antigen ... Kurosaki T (1999). "Genetic analysis of B cell antigen receptor signaling". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17 (1): 555-92. doi:10.1146/ ... A mouse ortholog, stem cell adaptor protein 1, shares 83% identity with its human counterpart. STAP1 has been shown to interact ... the stem-cell-specific adaptor protein containing PH and SH2 domains". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 268 (3): 697-703. doi: ...
After activation by antigen, these B cells proliferate. If these activated B cells encounter specific signaling molecules via ... Class switching occurs after activation of a mature B cell via its membrane-bound antibody molecule (or B cell receptor) to ... This allows different daughter cells from the same activated B cell to produce antibodies of different isotypes or subtypes (e. ... class switching does not affect antigen specificity. Instead, the antibody retains affinity for the same antigens, but can ...
Myeloid cell Nuclear Differentiation Antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded as MNDA gene. The myeloid cell nuclear ... "Interferon alpha selectively affects expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen in late stage cells ... "Entrez Gene: MNDA myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen". Burrus GR, Briggs JA, Briggs RC (February 1992). " ... nuclear antigen of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus interacts with human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen ...
Some differentiation occurs in response to antigen exposure. Differentiation dramatically changes a cell's size, shape, ... fat cells, and types of bone cells Epithelial stem cells (progenitor cells) that give rise to the various types of skin cells ... Such cells, called somatic cells, make up most of the human body, such as skin and muscle cells. Cells differentiate to ... Hematopoietic stem cells (adult stem cells) from the bone marrow that give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and ...
May 2013). "TAP-deficient human iPS cell-derived myeloid cell lines as unlimited cell source for dendritic cell-like antigen- ... "Regeneration of human tumor antigen-specific T cells from iPSCs derived from mature CD8(+) T cells". Cell Stem Cell. 12 (1): 31 ... June 2014). "Human somatic cell nuclear transfer using adult cells". Cell Stem Cell. 14 (6): 777-80. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2014.03 ... June 2013). "Human embryonic stem cells derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer". Cell. 153 (6): 1228-38. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ...
"Assessment of CD37 B-cell antigen and cell of origin significantly improves risk prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma". ... with highest abundance on mature B cells, and lower expression is found on T cells and myeloid cells. CD37 is a cell surface ... Schwartz-Albiez R, Dörken B, Hofmann W, Moldenhauer G (February 1988). "The B cell-associated CD37 antigen (gp40-52). Structure ... "The primary structure of the human leukocyte antigen CD37, a species homologue of the rat MRC OX-44 antigen". The Journal of ...
Such proteins include meprin (a cell surface glycoprotein); A5 antigen (a developmentally-regulated cell surface protein; ... Takagi S, Hirata T, Agata K, Eguchi G, Fujisawa H, Mochii M (1991). "The A5 antigen, a candidate for the neuronal recognition ...
... priming them to kill other cells that present the antigen. Dendritic cells are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the mammalian ... In normal physiology T-cells are activated by two signals: the T-cell receptor binding to an antigen-MHC complex and T-cell ... Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer (NK) cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and ... Fc receptors are found on many immune system cells, including NK cells. When NK cells encounter antibody-coated cells, the ...
T-cells and B-cells) and antigen presenting cells. These cells coordinate an immune response upon the detection of foreign ... The antigens are either from cell extracts or recombinant. Blood serum is incubated in the wells of the plate and is washed out ... The sp100 antigen is found within nuclear bodies; large protein complexes in the nucleus that may have a role in cell growth ... the cell line was contaminated and displaced by HeLa cells, and has now been identified as actually HeLa cells. They are ...
"The adaptor protein BLNK is required for b cell antigen receptor-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and cell cycle ... a chicken B cell line. DT40 cells had interrupted B cell development: there was no calcium mobilization response in the B cell ... B-cell linker (BLNK) protein is expressed in B cells and macrophages and plays a large role in B cell receptor signaling. Like ... Signaling through the B cell antigen receptor". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1793 (7): 1115- ...