Polysulfides are reduced on the cathode surface in sequence while the cell is discharging: S 8 → Li 2S 8 → Li 2S 6 → Li 2S 4 → ... requiring extra mass for a conducting agent in order to exploit the contribution of active mass to the capacity. Volume ... Use of a protective layer in the anode surface has been studied to improve cell safety, i.e., using Teflon coating showed ... One of the primary shortfalls of most Li-S cells is unwanted reactions with the electrolytes. While S and Li 2S are relatively ...

... and active secretion. In the latter phase, the secretion of drugs is an active process that is subject to conditions relating ... Cell. 171 (7): 1678-1691.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.009. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 5741091. PMID 29245013. "PharmaPendium's DMPK ... Some drugs, such as prokinetic agents, increase the speed with which a substance passes through the intestines. If a drug is ... Greco, W. R.; Bravo, G.; Parsons, J. C. (1995). "The search for synergy: a critical review from a response surface perspective ...

C. tropicalis diploid cells of opposite mating type can mate to form tetraploid cells. These cells may then undergo chromosome ... Nystatin is a type of antifungal agent used because it is not absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. These types of agents ... It is the cause responsible for approximately half of the beyond-surface candida infections. C. tropicalis is the second most ... Other azoles that are highly active against C. tropicalis are itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole and ...

... norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating adrenergic receptors located on the cell surface. A variety of ... Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommended norepinephrine as first line agent in treating septic shock which is unresponsive to ... Like many other biologically active substances, norepinephrine exerts its effects by binding to and activating receptors ... Alpha-2 receptors usually have inhibitory effects, but many are located pre-synaptically (i.e., on the surface of the cells ...

Fimbriae are believed to be involved in attachment to solid surfaces or to other cells, and are essential for the virulence of ... These methods also allow the detection and identification of "viable but nonculturable" cells that are metabolically active but ... Woods GL, Walker DH (July 1996). "Detection of infection or infectious agents by use of cytologic and histologic stains". ... Around the outside of the cell membrane is the cell wall. Bacterial cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (also called murein), ...

... study used blood samples to measure the patient's immune reaction to chemicals present on the surface of the Blastocystis cell ... Gonçalves AQ, Viana Jda C, Pires EM, Bóia MN, Coura JR, Silva EF (2007). "The use of the antifungal agent miconazole as an ... found that organism secretes several neurologically active chemicals, such as serotonin and Substance P. Serum levels of ... Some forms of Blastocystis resemble fat cells or white blood cells, making it difficult to distinguish the organism from other ...

In particular, it was intended to address virulence factors rather than structure and function of the pathogen cell wall ... It was his prime concern to develop active pharmaceutical ingredients for the treatment and prevention of fungal infections ... The International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, The American Journal of Clinical Dermatology as well as Hautarzt and JDDG ( ... was on the characterization of the development of localized fungal infections of the skin and related mucosal surfaces. He ...

The bacterial thiaminases are cell surface enzymes that must dissociate from the cell membrane before being activated; the ... went on to isolate and crystallize the active agent in 1926, whose structure was determined by Robert Runnels Williams, in 1934 ... Uptake of thiamine by cells of the blood and other tissues occurs via active transport and passive diffusion. Two members of ... Active transport can be inhibited by alcohol consumption or by folate deficiency. The majority of thiamine in serum is bound to ...

The surface of most metals, such as aluminium and titanium, are oxidized in the presence of air and become coated with a thin ... Scheele called the gas "fire air" because it was then the only known agent to support combustion. He wrote an account of this ... The body's circulatory system transports the oxygen to the cells, where cellular respiration takes place. Many major classes of ... He noted that candles burned brighter in the gas and that a mouse was more active and lived longer while breathing it. After ...

Infectious Agents: Several infectious agents have been linked to a higher risk of T-cell lymphoma by providing a compromised ... The swelling normally will not cause any pain and can be felt or seen as lumps on the surface of the skin. Nodal T-cell ... Nucleoside analogs are one of the most active class of drug used to treat T-cell lymphoma. Other non-tradition or new treatment ... Stem cell transplants can either be an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in which the patient donates their own stem cells ...

... thus disrupting the ionic equilibrium within the cell. Alpha toxin binds GPI-anchored cell surface receptors including the ... Gabay, EL; Rolfe, RD; Finegold, SM (1981). "Susceptibility of clostridium septicum to 23 antimicrobial agents". Antimicrobial ... secreted as a protoxin that requires proteolytic cleavage of a 5kDa peptide from its carboxy-terminal in order to become active ... Cleavage is typically initiated by the cell surface protease furin. Once activated, the toxin can oligomerize and form ion- ...

... in water samples uses the common property of oligosaccharides and monosaccharides present on the surface of bacterial cells. It ... Its fiber network structure allows for the storage of the necessary reagents in an active form. It is also cost-effective, has ... After the sample has been applied, graphene oxide is added and it functions as the revealing agent. An energy transfer takes ... The bacterial cells will then move up the paper via capillary action, and once it reaches the reaction zone, it reacts with the ...

The cell contains one battery electrode and one fuel cell electrode. This type is limited in energy by the electrode surface ... The redox (reduction-oxidation) cell is a reversible cell in which redox-active species are in fluid (liquid or gas) media. ... To further increase the energy density of the zinc-iodide flow battery, bromide ions (Br -) are used as the complexing agent to ... is stored outside of the cell (instead of in the cell around the electrodes) and can be fed into the cell in order to generate ...

Cell salvage and autotransfusion also may be used. Blood substitutes such as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers are in ... It is important to quickly control severe bleeding with direct pressure to the wound and consider the use of hemostatic agents ... Trauma resuscitation includes control of active bleeding. When a person is first brought in, vital signs are checked, an ECG is ... a complete inspection of the body surface to find all injuries, and a neurological examination. Injuries that may manifest ...

It is hypothesized that one pathway may be most active when ATR is carrying out normal support for replicating cells, and the ... ATR/ChK1 inhibitors can potentiate the effect of DNA cross-linking agents such as cisplatin and nucleoside analogues such as ... RPA binds specifically to ATRIP, which then recruits ATR through an ATR activating domain (AAD) on its surface. This ... These tumor cells rely on pathways like ATR to reduce replicative stress within the cancerous cells that are uncontrollably ...

A vaccine against self T-Cells, which consist of attenuated autoreactive T cells. It is developed by Opexa Therapeutics, ( ... Also some external agents can modify the disease course. Smoking is known to modify (for worse) the course of the disease, and ... Highly Active Relapsing Remitting, sometimes called Rapidly Worsening relapsing remitting, is a clinical form considered ... Cortical atrophy and demyelination along the subpial surface appear early in the disease course but accelerate in progressive ...

Microbial desalination cells are biological electrochemical systems that implements the use of electro-active bacteria to power ... The polyamide film is a dense, void-free polymer with a high surface area, allowing for its high water permeability. A recent ... Anti-scaling inhibitors include acids and other agents such as the organic polymers polyacrylamide and polymaleic acid, ... It can be activated by low-grade heat (less than 70 °C (158 °F), which may not require active heating. In a study, TSSE removed ...

... with each agent representing a mammary stem cell, a progenitor cell, or a differentiated cell in the breast. Simulations were ... An agent-based model can be used model the colonisation of bacteria onto a surface, leading to the formation of biofilms. The ... during active proliferation) all the way to a full mammary gland at adulthood (when there is little proliferation). The model ... The behavior of an agent-based model is defined by the rules of its agents. Existing agent rules can be modified or new agents ...

... shown to be due to a mutation in a surface protein on CD4 T cells, the primary targets of HIV. The immune system is truly a ... They also used Yersinia pestis (the causative agent of the Black Death) to challenge mice with a latent infection of ... Understanding one's own genetic blueprint can empower oneself to take an active role in promoting their own health. Genomics ... This study was the first gene profiling analysis of a cancer-preventing agent using this approach. University of Minnesota ...

Phenols are most commonly used in oral mouth washes and household cleaning agents. They are active against a wide range of ... micro/nano-pillars to rupture cell walls). These surfaces are especially important for the healthcare industry. Designing ... Antibacterial agents can be further subdivided into bactericidal agents, which kill bacteria, and bacteriostatic agents, which ... When the concentration of dissolved materials or solute is higher inside the cell than it is outside, the cell is said to be in ...

... strategy in which the therapeutic agent is an antibody which specifically binds to a protein on the surface of the cancer cells ... Non-tumorous cells, with the initial pathway intact, can survive. Mutations in DNA repair genes BRCA1 or BRCA2 (active in ... Although radiation damages both cancer cells and normal cells, most normal cells can recover from the effects of radiation and ... Targeted therapy can also involve small peptides as "homing devices" which can bind to cell surface receptors or affected ...

... on the cell surface. This stimulates ligand-induced dimerization, activating the intrinsic protein-tyrosine kinase activity of ... Custo, S; Baron, B; Felice, A; Seria, E (5 July 2022). "A comparative profile of total protein and six angiogenically-active ... chemical and bacterial agents. The Epidermal growth factor can be found in platelets, urine, saliva, milk, tears, and blood ... three structural loops that are essential for high-affinity binding between members of the EGF-family and their cell-surface ...

Isolated macrophage foam cells Type II: Multiple foam cell layers Type III: Preatheroma, intermediate lesion Type IV: Atheroma ... less metabolically active and more physically stiff over time.[citation needed] Veins do not develop atheromata, because they ... which attracts more macrophages and creates an extracellular lipid core near the centre to inner surface of each ... and radiologists typically look for these calcification shadows to recognize arteries before they inject any contrast agent ...

Using sutures results in a quicker recovery period because the surface area of the wound has been decreased. Physical agents ( ... The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin, and prevent ... Over-active clotting can also cause problems; thrombosis, where blood clots form abnormally, can potentially cause embolisms, ... Hemostasis can be achieved by chemical agent as well as mechanical or physical agents. Which hemostasis type used is determined ...

... because their presence on the cell surface makes the cell's survival dependent on the presence in the cell environment of its ... that an agent blocking the interaction between netrin-1 and its receptors allowed in vitro to lead to the death of tumor cells ... it was proposed that some receptors could be active not only in the presence of their ligand, but also in their absence. In the ... Cell. Biol, 2008 Castets et al., « Inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis by netrin-1 during angiogenesis », Dev Cell, 2009 ...

HIV infects T cells that carry the CD4 antigen on their surface. When HIV infects its target cell it requires fusion of the ... The locations of these mutations are primarily in the active site of the HIV protease enzyme as well as outside of the active ... In 1985, HIV was identified as the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its complete genome was ... The viral RNA and viral proteins assemble at the surface of the cell into new virions. The virions bud from the cell and are ...

Active locomotion, targeting and steering of concentrated therapeutic and diagnostic agents embedded in mobile microrobots to ... After the process is finished, the formed coccoliths are secreted to the cell surface, where they form the exoskeleton (i.e., ... Swimming bacterial cells have been used in the development of hybrid microswimmers. Cargo attachment to the bacterial cells ... Many other works have used Serratia marcescens swarming cells, as well as E. coli swarming cells for the development of hybrid ...

... or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, ... Beta cell - Beta cells (β cells) are a type of cell found in pancreatic islets that synthesize and secrete insulin. Beta cells ... Antibiotic - is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most important type of antibacterial agent ... White blood cell - White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are ...

... a cell-surface adhesion molecule) is important for tumor attachment, cell-to-cell communication between the breast tumor cells ... Sequential single agent chemotherapy may have a more positive effect on progression-free survival. Taxanes are very active in ... Cell-surface sialylation has been implicated in cell-to-cell interactions, and over-expression of a brain sialyltransferase in ... cell motility, cell migration, invasion, cancer- cell proliferation and survival. ECM-tumor cell interactions play a critical ...

Cancer Cells in Culture Evolution of Cell Culture Surfaces Hypertext version of the Cell Line Data Base Cell Culture ... Viruses, as parasitic agents, are well suited to introducing DNA into cells, as this is a part of their normal course of ... Authentication should be repeated before freezing cell line stocks, every two months during active culturing and before any ... cells Cell-to-cell contact can stimulate cell cycle arrest, causing cells to stop dividing, known as contact inhibition. Cell- ...

... wetting agents, oil drying agents (driers) used in oil-based paint and wood surface treatment including varnish. Industrially ... Copper naphthenate is also used as the antimicrobial active ingredient and drying agent in FDA-approved hoof thrush treatments ... vacuum/full cell) to protect against fungal rot, decay, termites and wood-boring insects in unfinished wood and various ... They increase the rate of drying of the applied paint on the surface . The antimicrobial properties of copper compounds have ...

In airway epithelial cells, the cilia exist in between the cell's apical surface and mucus in a layer known as airway surface ... December 2000). "Active intestinal chloride secretion in human carriers of cystic fibrosis mutations: an evaluation of the ... Poolman EM, Galvani AP (February 2007). "Evaluating candidate agents of selective pressure for cystic fibrosis". Journal of the ... to the cell surface to be implemented into the cell membrane. Most target the transcription stage of genetic expression. One ...

... cell surface These pumps within the cellular membrane of certain bacterial species are used to pump antibiotics out of the cell ... or through gene transfer agents, which are particles produced by the host cell that resemble bacteriophage structures and are ... Reduced drug accumulation: by decreasing drug permeability or increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the ... These proteins protect the bacterial cell from antibiotics that target the cell's ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis. The ...

The cells are ciliated only on a ventral region, called creeping sole, which the animal uses to glide over surfaces. Numerous ... Another species, Platydemus manokwari, has been used as an agent of biological pest control of the introduced giant African ... Land planarians are carnivorous and most species are active predators, but some are mainly scavengers. All planarians feed ... Rhabditogen cells are very numerous on the dorsal epidermis, but rare on the ventral side. The nervous system of land ...