... has a cell wall, nucleus, pyrenoid, and spiral chloroplasts. Spirogyra can reproduce both sexually and asexually. In ... One cell each from opposite lined filaments emits tubular protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which elongate and fuse to ... Two adjoining cells near the common transverse wall give out protuberances known as conjugation tubes, which further form the ... The cytoplasm of the cell acting as the male travels through this tube and fuses with the female cytoplasm, and the gametes ...

The nucleus is located at the center of the cell. Mougeotia is able to reproduce sexually, through a process known as ... Each cell has one or two flat, rectangular and ribbon-shaped chloroplasts that fill the cell. Chloroplasts are able to twist in ... In scalariform conjugation, cells of two separate filaments line up parallel to one other. Cells of one filament connect to ... Mougeotia forms uniserial (one cell thick) chains of cells, called filaments, that are usually unbranched; in certain ...

In gliding cells, about six Golgi bodies can be seen surrounding the nucleus in one plane. The cortical extrusomes appear at a ... often leaving behind cell wall lids attached to empty algal cells (see image 1). It leaves elliptical holes on the cell wall ( ... The cell nucleus is spherical, surrounded by several Golgi dictyosomes. They have cortical extrusomes homogenously distributed ... It has at least three strategies of feeding: Extracting cell contents from dead or morbid cells of diverse freshwater algae, ...

This signal goes from the cell surface to the nucleus. Dishevelled is a segment polarity protein needed to make coherent arrays ... Overexpression inhibits the proliferation of hepatoma cells blocks the cell cycle transition from the G0/G1 to S phase, and ... Liao, Zhijun; Wang, Xinrui; Wang, Xiaojiang; Li, Lisheng; Lin, Dexin (2017-10-03). "DEPDC7 inhibits cell proliferation, ... migration and invasion in hepatoma cells". Oncology Letters. 14 (6): 7332-7338. doi:10.3892/ol.2017.7128. ISSN 1792-1074. PMC ...

The nucleus is prominently at the centre of the cell. The unusual feature of the cell is that it contains reddish-brown ... The cell has two flagella for locomotion. Reproduction is by simple binary fission. In lateral view D. acuminata cells are ... Cells have convex dorsal margins and small oval shaped cells and their thecal plates are covered with areolae (circular ... The taxonomic identification of Dinophysis species is largely based on cell contouring, size and shape of their large ...

The STAT1-STAT1 homodimers can then enter the cell nucleus. They then initiate transcription by binding to gamma interferon ... Th1 cells), cytotoxic T cells (TC cells), macrophages, mucosal epithelial cells and NK cells. IFN-γ is both an important ... Equivalent defining cytokines for other cells include IL-4 for Th2 cells and IL-17 for Th17 cells.) NK cells and CD8+ cytotoxic ... cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. It can also be secreted by antigen presenting cells (APCs) such ...

Neither sexual nor asexual stages displace the host cell nucleus. The known hosts of this species include the babblers ...

... s are found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Depending on the organism, the capping enzyme is either a ... cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the process of being synthesized in the cell nucleus during the first stages of gene ... Eukaryotic RNA must undergo a series of modifications in order to be exported from the nucleus and successfully translated into ... Molecular Cell. 13 (1): 77-89. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00522-7. PMID 14731396. Ho CK, Sriskanda V, McCracken S, Bentley D, ...

In animal cells, LIM domain-containing proteins often shuttle between the cell nucleus where they can regulate gene expression ... It focuses on moving between cell adhesion sites and nucleus. The zinc fingers of the LIM domain will act independently. Zyxin ... Kadrmas JL, Beckerle MC (November 2004). "The LIM domain: from the cytoskeleton to the nucleus". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell ... regulation of plant cell development, cell lineage specification, and regulation of gene transcription. LIM proteins are also ...

... while juice cells are short and blunt to long, long, slender and pointed, sometimes containing a minute, greenish nucleus. They ... juice cells very minute, blunt, containing a small, greenish nucleus; seeds small, flattened, sometimes beaked. Clear, ... oil cells usually sunken; skin very thin; pulp fairly juicy, acid, bitter with distinct aroma; ...

The cell nucleus was discovered by Robert Brown in 1831. Demonstration of the cellular composition of all organisms, with each ... From 1870 to 1880 it became clear that cell nuclei are never formed anew but always derived from the substance of another ... With genetic continuity confirmed and the finding by Eduard Strasburger that the nuclei of reproductive cells (in pollen and ... He found that stomata were composed of pairs of cells, rather than a single cell with a hole. Anatomical studies on the stele ...

... or cell body is the bulbous, non-process portion of a neuron or other brain cell type, containing the cell nucleus. Although it ... The cell nucleus is a key feature of the soma. The nucleus is the source of most of the RNA that is produced in neurons. In ... Dendrite Soma Axon Nucleus Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath In cellular neuroscience, the soma (PL: ... most proteins are produced from mRNAs that do not travel far from the cell nucleus. This creates a challenge for supplying new ...

Robins P, Lindahl T (September 1996). "DNA ligase IV from HeLa cell nuclei". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (39): ... This interaction stabilizes LIG4 protein in cells; cells that are deficient for XRCC4, such as XR-1 cells, have reduced levels ... variable degrees of immunodeficiency and reduced number of blood cells. Accumulation of DNA damage leading to stem cell ... The sensitivity of haematopoietic stem cells to lig4 deficiency suggests that lig4-mediated NHEJ is a key determinant of the ...

Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2010). "Origin of the cell nucleus, mitosis and sex: Roles of intracellular coevolution". Biology ... Uniciliates are cells with only one flagellum and unikonts are descended from uniciliates. Unikont cells often have only one ... Eukaryotes have cell nuclei, bacteria do not. In 1969, Whittaker elevated the bacteria to the status of kingdom. His new ... Biciliate cells have two flagella and bikonts are descended from biciliates. Biciliates undergo ciliary transformation by ...

Concomitantly, cells lose their nuclei and organelles. Epidermis and dermis of human skin Section of epidermis List of keratins ... Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer. These cells contain ... The stratum granulosum (or granular layer) is a thin layer of cells in the epidermis lying above the stratum spinosum and below ... At the transition between this layer and the stratum corneum, cells secrete lamellar bodies (containing lipids and proteins) ...

... highly mitotic nuclei in polygonal cells; and disorganized follicles. In the ovaries of aging squirrel monkeys (Saimiri ... Granulosa cell tumours are tumours that arise from granulosa cells. They are estrogen secreting tumours and present as large, ... Although granulosa cells normally occur only in the ovary, granulosa cell tumours occur in both ovaries and testicles (see ... Juvenile granulosa cell tumors can be distinguished from adult granulosa cell tumors on histology by their abundant, ...

In a syncytium there are many nuclei in a continuous cytoplasm; nuclei are not packaged in discrete cells. As a result, the ...

Type A (pale) cells, with pale nuclei. These are the spermatogonial stem cells that undergo active mitosis. These cells divide ... There are three subtypes of spermatogonia in humans: Type A (dark) cells, with dark nuclei. These cells are reserve ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Germ cells, All stub articles, Cell biology stubs) ... Type B cells, which undergo growth and become primary spermatocytes. Anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin and vincristine can ...

Nerve cells in the posterior thoracic nucleus are most abundant between the lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments. Cell ... The posterior thoracic nucleus, (Clarke's column, column of Clarke, dorsal nucleus, nucleus dorsalis of Clarke) is a group of ... These cells characteristically present coarse Nissl granules and have characteristic eccentric nuclei. Axonal projections from ... It is represented, however, in the other regions by scattered cells, which become aggregated to form a cervical nucleus ...

Many genes in the genomes of mitochondria and chloroplasts have been lost or transferred to the nucleus of the host cell. ... On the origin of mitosing cells. In her 1981 work Symbiosis in Cell Evolution she argued that eukaryotic cells originated as ... If a cell's mitochondria or chloroplasts are removed, the cell does not have the means to create new ones. In some algae, such ... Devos, Damien P.; Gräf, Ralph; Field, Mark C. (June 2014). "Evolution of the nucleus". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 28 (100 ...

"The dynamic organization of the perinucleolar compartment in the cell nucleus". The Journal of Cell Biology. 137 (5): 965-974. ... While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP ... Kim JH, Hahm B, Kim YK, Choi M, Jang SK (May 2000). "Protein-protein interaction among hnRNPs shuttling between nucleus and ... Kim JH, Hahm B, Kim YK, Choi M, Jang SK (May 2000). "Protein-protein interaction among hnRNPs shuttling between nucleus and ...

Lamin is a type of structural protein in the cell nucleus. Lamin may also refer to: Lamin (given name) Lamin (surname) Lamin, ...

In approximately 90% of cells, EVI1 is diffuse within the nucleus; however, when CBP and P/CAF are added, extensive nuclear ... In addition, structural changes have been visualized within the nucleus of a cell, depending on the presence of corepressors or ... Cell cycle and differentiation In vitro experiments using both human and mouse cell lines have shown that EVI1 prevents the ... It appears to depend on the specific cell type, cell line and growth conditions being used as to whether EVI1 expression ...

A megakaryocyte (mega- + karyo- + -cyte, "large-nucleus cell") is a large bone marrow cell with a lobated nucleus that produces ... In some cases, the nucleus may contain up to 64N DNA, or 32 copies of the normal complement of DNA in a human cell. The ... After budding off platelets, what remains is mainly the cell nucleus. This crosses the bone marrow barrier to the blood and is ... These multipotent stem cells live in the marrow sinusoids and are capable of producing all types of blood cells depending on ...

... contains a single ovate nucleus, located anteriorly in the cell. The nucleolus can also be found subcentrally ... Supporting the dorsal side of the cell is a microtubular fan with a microtubular root at the anterior end. On the ventral side ... The endoplasmic reticulum in this genus is mainly found near the periphery of the cell. Around the cytoplasm, food vacuoles ... Carpediemonas has a longitudinal depression that spans almost the entire ventral side of the cell. It often has two unequal ...

"Analysis of chromosome positions in the interphase nucleus of Chinese hamster cells by laser-UV-microirradiation experiments". ... "Unscheduled DNA synthesis after partial UV irradiation of the cell nucleus. Distribution in interphase and metaphase". Exp. ... Cell. 137 (2): 356-68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.052. PMID 19379699. Lanctôt C, Cheutin T, Cremer M, Cavalli G, Cremer T ( ... Cell Res. 124 (1): 111-9. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.490.8109. doi:10.1016/0014-4827(79)90261-1. PMID 499376. Cremer, Thomas (1985). Von ...

The nucleus typically lies in the posterior half of the cell. The mitochondria have tubular cristae. Organelles called ... The cell shape is variable but is mostly obovoid to ellipsoid. The lateral cell margins maybe somewhat angular leading to a ... Provided with a nucleus and contracting vesicles. - Carter, 1865 In 1917, it was classified as being one of the "simplest and ... Members of this genus are known to reproduce asexually through cell division. Whether sexual reproduction occurs is currently ...

... telomeres in the nucleus of cells, ion channels in the plasma membrane, colloidal particle in the cytoplasm, moisture transport ... Examples of anomalous diffusion in nature have been observed in biology in the cell nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. ... "Transient anomalous diffusion of telomeres in the nucleus of mammalian cells". Physical Review Letters. 103 (1): 018102. ... and Ralf Metzler have shown that the motion of molecules in live cells often show a type of anomalous diffusion that breaks the ...

Chromatin mass from previously aggregated, pyknotic, and fragmented monolayer nuclei is a source for dome cell nuclei generated ... Asymmetric cell division has also been described in polyploid giant cancer cells and low eukaryotic cells and reported to occur ... Spontaneous cell transformation: karyoplasts derived from multinucleated cells produce new cell growth in senescent human ... Chen, Y. Q.; Wan, B. K. (1986). "A study on amitosis of the nucleus of the mammalian cell. I. A study under the light and ...

HeLa cells translocate Ang to the nucleus independent of cell density. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), ... translocation of Ang to the nucleus stops after cells reach a specific density, while in HeLa cells translocation continued ... "Angiogenin is translocated to the nucleus of HeLa cells and is involved in ribosomal RNA transcription and cell proliferation ... The most important step in the angiogenesis process is the translocation of Ang to the cell nucleus. Once Ang has been ...

Some of the axons of the cells of the lateral nucleus, and possibly also of the medial nucleus, are continued upward through ... The latter end by arborizing around the cells of the medial nucleus, which is situated in the area acustica of the rhomboid ... Fibers from the lateral vestibular nucleus also pass via the vestibulospinal tract, to anterior horn cells at many levels in ... The vestibular nuclei (VN) are the cranial nuclei for the vestibular nerve located in the brainstem. In Terminologia Anatomica ...

... providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotes store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus. Cells are ... Cells reproduce through a process of cell division in which the parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. For ... There are two primary types of cells, reflecting their evolutionary origins. Prokaryote cells lack a nucleus and other membrane ... may have allowed organisms to go from a single cell organism to one of many cells. Cells have evolved methods to perceive and ...