Its properties are similar to those of bacteriorhodopsin, and these two light-driven ion pumps transport cations and anions in ... Photo-transduction proteins and their optogenetic applications in neuroscience. 75 (1): 6-12. doi:10.1016/j.neures.2012.09.004 ... Beside chlorides it transports other halides and nitrates into the cell. Potassium chloride uptake by cells helps to maintain ... Halorhodopsin is a seven-transmembrane retinylidene protein from microbial rhodopsin family. It is a chloride-specific light- ...

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 7, also known as TRPM7, is a human gene encoding a protein of ... Chubanov V, Gudermann T, Schlingmann KP (2005). "Essential role for TRPM6 in epithelial magnesium transport and body magnesium ... TRP-PLIK is a protein that is both an ion channel and a kinase. As a channel, it conducts calcium and monovalent cations to ... TRPM7+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) This article incorporates text ...

... multiple simultaneous interactions with the transport protein at this level might significantly retard the ion in the transport ... Once in the cytoplasmic space of root cells Mg2+, along with the other cations, is probably transported radially into the stele ... To date, only the ZntA protein of Paramecium has been shown to be a Mg2+ channel. The mechanisms of Mg2+ transport by the ... The interaction of Mg2+ with proteins must also be considered for the transport of the ion across biological membranes. In ...

Tsu BV, Saier MH (2015-01-01). "The LysE Superfamily of Transport Proteins Involved in Cell Physiology and Pathogenesis". PLOS ... a fourth has been reported to function in quaternary ammonium cation export, and the fourth is a distant open reading frame ( ... Protein families, All stub articles, Membrane protein stubs). ... These proteins are found in Gram-positive bacteria. Their mode ... Currently, many sequenced proteins comprise the CadD family. Two are close orthologues in two Staphylococcus species that have ...

Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase gamma chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FXYD2 gene. This gene encodes a ... Minor NT, Sha Q, Nichols CG, Mercer RW (1998). "The gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase induces cation channel activity". Proc. ... Sweadner KJ, Rael E (2001). "The FXYD gene family of small ion transport regulators or channels: cDNA sequence, protein ... The Type III integral membrane protein encoded by this gene is the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase present on the plasma ...

The gene codes for a P-type (cation transport enzyme) ATPase that transports copper into bile and incorporates it into ... Wilson's disease is caused by a mutation in the Wilson disease protein (ATP7B) gene. This protein transports excess copper into ... The deranged protein metabolism leads to the accumulation of waste products such as ammonia in the bloodstream. When these ... A transporter protein on the cells of the small bowel, copper membrane transporter 1 (Ctr1; SLC31A1), carries copper inside the ...

... clusters connect the nickel active site of the enzyme to the surface of the protein because they serve as an electron transport ... NiFe] hydrogenase has a Mg2+ cation bound in the C-terminus region of the larger subunit. This cation is bonded to three water ... The exact geometry of the three non-protein ligands (denoted as L) coordinating to the Fe ion is not known; however, they were ... At approximately 13 Å away from the [NiFe] moiety, this cation connects the active site to a hydrogen bonding network and ...

NKCC proteins are membrane transport proteins that transport sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl) ions across the cell ... Hebert, SC; Mount, DB; Gamba, G (February 2004). "Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl− cotransport: the SLC12 family". ... The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a transport protein that aids in the secondary active transport of sodium, potassium, and ... As urine moves towards the more superficial portion of the thick ascending limb, NKCC2 is the major transport protein by which ...

... which allows cells to regulate salt concentrations and pH by transporting ions across their membranes using proteins called ion ... The presence of ions, in particular divalent cations like magnesium and calcium, strongly affects this step. One of the ... Some of these proteins are linked to the exterior of the cell membrane. An example of this is the CD59 protein, which ... The most common class of this type of protein is the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). GPCRs are responsible for much of the ...

Solute carrier family 22 member 2 (also termed OCT2 or organic cation transporter-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by ... 2001). "Properties and regulation of organic cation transport in freshly isolated human proximal tubules". J. Biol. Chem. 276 ( ... This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains ... Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many ...

The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the sodium-independent transport and excretion of organic anions, some of which ... 2002). "Human organic anion transporters and human organic cation transporters mediate renal transport of prostaglandins". J. ... The encoded protein is an integral membrane protein and is found mainly in the kidney and in the placenta, where it may act to ... Zhou F, Xu W, Hong M, Pan Z, Sinko PJ, Ma J, You G (Feb 2005). "The role of N-linked glycosylation in protein folding, membrane ...

In most hyperaccumulating plants, the main mechanism for metal transport are the proteins coded by genes in the ZIP family, ... This suggests that overexpression of ZIP family genes that encode cation transporters is a characteristic genetic feature of ... The decreases in Zn in roots may be mostly due to transport to shoots, since the volume of Zn in shoots increased during the ... Shen, Z. G.; Zhao, F. J.; McGRATH, S. P. (1997). "Uptake and transport of zinc in the hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens and ...

... an integral membrane protein that transports a solute). The SLC group include examples of transport proteins that are: ... Hebert SC, Mount DB, Gamba G (February 2004). "Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl- cotransport: the SLC12 family". ... fatty acid transport proteins (SLC27A1, SLC27A2, SLC27A3, SLC27A4, SLC27A5, SLC27A6) Na+-coupled nucleoside transport (SLC28A1 ... The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members ...

It contains a divalent cation tolerance protein CutA motif from amino acids 57-88. No transmembrane domains or N-terminal ... which is involved in intracellular cargo transport and other cellular processes. In another study, ovarian cancer (OVCA) cell ... Data from Human Protein Atlas also indicates that the protein is enriched in several regions of the brain, including the basal ... "uncharacterized protein C4orf36 [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-18. "ExPASy: get PI/ ...

Protein families, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane ... are critical for cation exchange mediated by NhaD, Na(+)/H(+) antiporter of Vibrio cholerae". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. ... These proteins and their homologues are 400-500 aas long and exhibit 10-13 TMSs. They catalyze Na+/H+ and Li+/H+ antiport. They ... A representative list of proteins belonging to the NhaD family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database. The ...

... is a uniporter protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC2A1 gene. GLUT1 facilitates the transport of glucose across the ... cold-induced red cells cation leak, erratic hyperkalemia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, hepatosplenomegaly, cataracts, seizures ... This protein lacks a signal sequence; its C-terminus, N-terminus, and the very hydrophilic domain in the protein's center are ... The gene produces a 54.1 kDa protein composed of 492 amino acids. It is a multi-pass protein located in the cell membrane. ...

In each case, the tolC gene is located outside the rtx operon and encodes a conserved multifunctional protein. During transport ... Pore-formation is the only known shared function in RTX cytotoxins, and pores are typically cation-selective allowing for an ... The cyaA operon encodes the five proteins CyaA (RTX toxin), CyaC (CyaA activation protein), and the three T1SS proteins: CyaB ( ... an ABC transporter) CyaD (a membrane fusion protein), and CyaE (an outer membrane protein). The CyaA protein contains an ...

Other soluble proteins and granule parts then bud off from the immature granule in a clathrin-coated transport vesicle. The ... which results from their high cation concentrations . Dense granule exocytosis is typically evaluated by ADP/ATP release by ... They contain mainly proteins, both membrane-associated receptors (for example, αIIbβ3 and P-selectin) and soluble cargo (for ... The endoproteases PC1/3 and PC2 aid in this transformation from proinsulin to insulin; and (3) the clathrin protein coat is ...

... inside vesicles are transported to the synaptic cleft where they interact with neurotransmitter specific post-synaptic protein ... Depending on the AMPA receptor subunit compositions, the receptor can be permeable to cations such as calcium, sodium, or ... Various intra-cellular transport mechanisms help AMPA receptors migrate to the post-synaptic cleft from the entire cell. The ... Various intracellular transport mechanisms help AMPA receptors migrate from the entire neuron to the post-synaptic cleft. A ...

... zinc transport and zinc-independent proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (27): 18377-89. doi:10.1074/jbc. ... The domain contains a single binding site that can accommodate a divalent cation, with a geometry suggestive of zinc binding. ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Protein domains, Bacterial proteins). ... Petrarca, P; Ammendola, S; Pasquali, P; Battistoni, A (March 2010). "The Zur-regulated ZinT protein is an auxiliary component ...

November 2005). "Monovalent cation leaks in human red cells caused by single amino-acid substitutions in the transport domain ... It is the altered band 3 protein complex which mediates the cation leaks that are characteristic of hydrocytotic hereditary ... Coles SE, Stewart GW (October 1999). "Temperature effects on cation transport in hereditary stomatocytosis and allied disorders ... Rare cases of hereditary spherocytosis can occur without cation leaks. These include cases of phytosterolemia nonleaky ...

With vesicular transport blocked, neurotransmitter stores quickly become depleted. Reserpine (Serpasil) is an irreversible ... and they exert these effects by binding to and activating the transient receptor potential cation channel TRPC6. Activation of ... which exerts its effects by causing conformational changes in the transporter protein and thereby modulating the affinity of ... They occupy the transporter in place of the respective neurotransmitter and competitively block it from being transported from ...

... anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... A major event in the budding of vesicles, such as transport carriers from the Golgi, is the creation and subsequent narrowing ... The interconversion of lysoPA, PA, and DAG - and changes in pH and cation concentration - can cause membrane bending and ... The roles of lysoPA, PA, and DAG in promoting membrane curvature do not preclude a role in recruiting proteins to the membrane ...

Solute carrier family 22 (organic anion/cation transporter), member 12, also known as SLC22A12 and URAT1, is a protein which in ... "The multivalent PDZ domain-containing protein PDZK1 regulates transport activity of renal urate-anion exchanger URAT1 via its C ... This protein is an integral membrane protein primarily found in kidney. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms ... The protein encoded by this gene is a urate transporter and urate-anion exchanger which regulates the level of urate in the ...

Membrane transport protein disorders, Kidney diseases, Rare syndromes, Syndromes affecting the kidneys). ... K+-ATPase might create an electrical gradient favourable for the reabsorption of divalent cations by secondary active transport ... Disease-causing variants in SLC12A3 lead to a loss of NCC function, i.e., reduced transport of sodium and chloride via NCC. The ... The sodium-chloride cotransporter is a protein made up of 1021 amino acids and 12 transmembrane domains. A large number of ...

Some of the transcribed genes are crucial for transepithelial sodium transport, including the three subunits of the epithelial ... Cl− is reabsorbed in conjunction with sodium cations to maintain the system's electrochemical balance. Aldosterone stimulates ... sodium channel (ENaC), the Na+/K+ pumps and their regulatory proteins serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase, and channel- ...

Protein families, Membrane proteins, Transmembrane proteins, Transmembrane transporters, Transport proteins, Integral membrane ... and cation-selective members. The selectivities of these channels may be relatively weak in comparison to voltage-gated ... The generalized transport reaction proposed for MscS channels is: Osmolytes (in) and ions (in) ⇌ osmolytes (out) and ions (out ... Much of the diversity in MscS proteins occurs in the number of TMSs, which ranges from three to eleven TMSs, although the three ...

Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1 also known as serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is ... "It is tempting to speculate that SGK1-dependent regulation of cation channels contributes to the regulation of cell volume, ... It has been shown to "regulate several enzymes and transcription factors; SGK1 contributes to the regulation of transport, ... This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. This kinase ...

CO2 metabolism Enters through membrane-transporting proteins or cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators. Calcium ... to the catalytic active site of the enzyme is coordinated by two metal cations. The catalytic activity of sAC is increase by ... forming the 50 kDa amino terminus of the protein. The additional ~140 kDa C terminus of the enzyme includes an autoinhibitory ...

Oxidoreductases Peroxidases Electron transport proteins Oxygen transport proteins Photosensitive proteins Design techniques ... Heme is bound to the protein either covalently or noncovalently or both. The heme consists of iron cation bound at the center ... Hemoglobin is sometimes referred to as the oxygen transport protein, in order to contrast it with myoglobin, which is ... Data on heme protein structure and function has been aggregated into The Heme Protein Database (HPD), a secondary database to ...