... is a destructive metabolism and anabolism is a constructive metabolism. Catabolism, therefore, provides the chemical ... Catabolism (/kəˈtæbəlɪzəm/) is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either ... Catabolism breaks down large molecules (such as polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins) into smaller units (such ... There are many signals that control catabolism. Most of the known signals are hormones and the molecules involved in metabolism ...

Digestion is the breakdown of carbohydrates to yield an energy-rich compound called ATP. The production of ATP is achieved through the oxidation of glucose molecules. In oxidation, the electrons are stripped from a glucose molecule to reduce NAD+ and FAD. NAD+ and FAD possess a high energy potential to drive the production of ATP in the electron transport chain. ATP production occurs in the mitochondria of the cell. There are two methods of producing ATP: aerobic and anaerobic. In aerobic respiration, oxygen is required. Using oxygen increases ATP production from 4 ATP molecules to about 30 ATP molecules. In anaerobic respiration, oxygen is not required. When oxygen is absent, the generation of ATP continues through fermentation. There are two types of fermentation: alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. There are several different types of carbohydrates: polysaccharides (e.g., starch, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose), monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, galactose, fructose, ribose) and ...

... is a key function of digestion process. Protein catabolism often begins with pepsin, which converts proteins ... or can undergo amino acid catabolism to be converted to other compounds via the Krebs cycle. Protein catabolism produces amino ... These absorbed amino acids can then undergo amino acid catabolism, where they are utilized as an energy source or as precursors ... The amino acids produced by catabolism may be directly recycled to form new proteins, converted into different amino acids, ...

Mills GC (November 1957). "Hemoglobin catabolism. I. Glutathione peroxidase, an erythrocyte enzyme which protects hemoglobin ...

"Entrez Gene: SMOX spermine oxidase". Seiler N (June 2004). "Catabolism of polyamines". Amino Acids. 26 (3): 217-33. doi:10.1007 ... suggesting the existence of additional levels of complexity in polyamine catabolism. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...

Rembold H, Simmersbach F (1969). "Catabolism of pteridine cofactors. II. A specific pterin deaminase in rat liver". Biochim. ...

doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(09)80344-4. Gottlieb, D. (1 January 1963). "Carbohydrate catabolism by fungi". Pure and Applied ...

Rembold H, Simmersbach F (1969). "Catabolism of pteridine cofactors. II. A specific pterin deaminase in rat liver". Biochim. ...

Winkler RG, Blevins DG, Randall DD (1988). "Ureide catabolism in soybeans. III. Ureidoglycolate amidohydrolase and allantoate ...

"Tryptophan Catabolism (early stages)". Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ... "Tryptophan Catabolism (later stages)". Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology ... The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism is altered in several diseases, including psychiatric disorders such as ...

Barnard, JP; Reynafarje, B; Pedersen, PL (1993). "Glucose catabolism in African trypanosomes. Evidence that the terminal step ...

Ferrández A, Miñambres B, García B, Olivera ER, Luengo JM, García JL, Díaz E (October 1998). "Catabolism of phenylacetic acid ... Phenylacetate catabolism in Escherichia coli". European Journal of Biochemistry. 270 (14): 3047-54. doi:10.1046/j.1432- ...

Yeast mRNA catabolism (Gene expression). ...

The use of the amino acid glutamine as an energy source is facilitated by the multistep catabolism of glutamine called ... Mathupala SP, Heese C, Pedersen PL (September 1997). "Glucose catabolism in cancer cells. The type II hexokinase promoter ...

Mukherjee T, Hanes J, Tews I, Ealick SE, Begley TP (November 2011). "Pyridoxal phosphate: biosynthesis and catabolism". ...

Phenylacetate catabolism in Escherichia coli". European Journal of Biochemistry. 270 (14): 3047-54. doi:10.1046/j.1432- ...

Nambara, Eiji; Marion-Poll, Annie (2005). "Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Catabolism". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 56: 165- ... Catabolism via the CYP707As is very important for ABA homeostasis, and mutants in those genes generally accumulate higher ...

Important in amino acid catabolism. The conversion of ammonium to nitrate is performed primarily by soil-living bacteria and ...

... is an important step in the catabolism of amino acids, generating a more metabolizable form of the amino ... This is a common pathway during amino acid catabolism. Another enzyme responsible for oxidative deamination is monoamine ... ISBN 9780124166974.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) "Amino Acid Catabolism: Nitrogen". Rensselaer ... "Stage II of Protein Catabolism". Chemistry LibreTexts. Retrieved 5 December 2020. Bhagavan & Ha, N.V.,Chung-Eun (2015). ...

Ferrández A, Miñambres B, García B, Olivera ER, Luengo JM, García JL, Díaz E (October 1998). "Catabolism of phenylacetic acid ... Phenylacetate catabolism in Escherichia coli". European Journal of Biochemistry. 270 (14): 3047-54. doi:10.1046/j.1432- ...

... catabolism; ethylene biosynthesis; and so on. Class III proteins are also monomeric glycoproteins, containing four conserved ...

ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Ashihara, Hiroshi; Yokota, Takao; Crozier, Alan (2013). "Biosynthesis and catabolism of purine ...

Poulton JE (1988). "Localization and catabolism of cyanogenic glycosides". Ciba Foundation Symposium. Novartis Foundation ...

Ashihara, Hiroshi; Yokota, Takao; Crozier, Alan (2013). Biosynthesis and catabolism of purine alkaloids. Advances in Botanical ...

... "myo-Inositol catabolism in Bacillus subtilis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (16): 10415-10424. doi:10.1074/jbc. ...

Catabolism is also used as a means to control the intracellular concentration of free lysine and maintain a steady-state to ... Lysine catabolism occurs through one of several pathways, the most common of which is the saccharopine pathway. Lysine plays ... Like all amino acids, catabolism of lysine is initiated from the uptake of dietary lysine or from the breakdown of ... Arruda P, Kemper EL, Papes F, Leite A (August 2000). "Regulation of lysine catabolism in higher plants". Trends in Plant ...

Horstmann HJ (1965). "Studies on the galactogen metabolism in the snail (Helix pomatia L.). 3. Catabolism of galactogen in ... Goudsmit EM (January 1976). "Galactogen catabolism by embryos of the freshwater snails, Bulimnaea megasoma and Lymnaea ...

Sealey, Wendy M; Teague, April M; Stratton, Shawna L; Mock, Donald M (October 2004). "Smoking accelerates biotin catabolism in ... Smoking: Recent studies suggest that smoking can lead to marginal biotin deficiency because it speeds up biotin catabolism ( ... Evidence suggests that these anticonvulsants accelerate biotin catabolism, which means that it's necessary for people to take ... biotin is essential for amino acid catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism. Biotin is also necessary for gene ...

Ashihara H, Yokota T, Crozier A (2013). "Biosynthesis and catabolism of purine alkaloids". New Light on Alkaloid Biosynthesis ...

... catabolism occurs via two pathways. In one, the valeric acid sidechain is cleaved, resulting in bisnorbiotin. In the ... 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA is an intermediate step in the catabolism of the amino acid leucine. In the absence of biotin, the pathway ... In pregnancy, this may be due to a possible acceleration of biotin catabolism, whereas, in lactation, the higher demand has yet ... Biotin is a coenzyme for five carboxylase enzymes, which are involved in the catabolism of amino acids and fatty acids, ...