Metabolism
For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all ... Proteins are made from amino acids that have been activated by attachment to a transfer RNA molecule through an ester bond. ... These digestive enzymes include proteases that digest proteins into amino acids, as well as glycoside hydrolases that digest ... a glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acids by ester linkages is called a triacylglyceride. Several variations on this ...
Naturally occurring phenols
Aryldialkylphosphatase (also known as organophosphorus hydrolase, phosphotriesterase, and paraoxon hydrolase) uses an aryl ... In olive oil, tyrosol forms esters with fatty acids. In rye, alkylresorcinols are phenolic lipids. Some acetylations involve ... The proteobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens produces phloroglucinol, phloroglucinol carboxylic acid and diacetylphloroglucinol ... "Surface-Active Properties of Lipophilic Antioxidants Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol Fatty Acid Esters: A Potential Explanation for ...
Β-Hydroxybutyric acid
LXXXII: Nomenclature and Classification of Hydroxy-carboxylic Acid Receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B)". Pharmacological ... 3HIA-carnitine is thought to be either directly deacylated by a hydrolase to 3HIA or to undergo a second CoA exchange to again ... 3-Hydroxybutanoic Acid and Its Methyl Ester". Organic Syntheses. 71: 39. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.071.0039. (Chemical articles with ... is catalyzed by the hydroxybutyrate-dimer hydrolase enzyme. The concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate in human blood plasma, as ...
List of EC numbers (EC 1)
3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.280: (S)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.281: GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D- ... Articles with short description, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Biology-related lists, Hydrolases). ... 5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine 4-carboxylic acid 5-dehydrogenase * EC 1.2.1.101: L-tyrosine reductase * EC 1.2.1.102: ... 3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.56: Now EC 1.1.1.280, (S)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.57: butanal ...
N-Acylethanolamine
It is an ester formed from omega-6-arachidonic acid (AA: C20H32O2; 20:4-n6) and glycerol (C3H8O3), and tissue levels of 2-AG is ... Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) evolved relatively recently, either after the evolution of fish 400 MYA, or after the ... 6aR,10aR)-1-Hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-4-carboxylic acid". pubchem.ncbi.nlm. ... This is in line with a study of 50 women, where NAE 20:4 (AEA) hydrolase activity was lower in the seven women who miscarried ...
Juvenile hormone
JH esterase cleaves the methyl ester giving JH acid. JH acid is attached by JH epoxide hydrolase, which converts the epoxide ... Isolation, Identification, and Biological Activity of cis-4-[1′(R)-5′-Dimethyl-3′-oxohexyl]-cyclohexane-1-carboxylic Acid and ... In the Lepidoptera, the order is as given here; ester cleavage preceding epoxide hydration. Either one terminates the activity ... JH is principally degraded by the enzymes juvenile-hormone esterase (JHE) or juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH). JHE and ...
Penicillin
This targeted protonation neutralizes the carboxylic acid moiety, which is weakening of the β-lactam ring N-C(=O) bond, ... None of these pro-drugs of ampicillin are in current use: Pivampicillin (pivaloyloxymethyl ester of ampicillin) Bacampicillin ... the build-up of peptidoglycan precursors triggers the activation of bacterial cell wall hydrolases and autolysins, which ... Metampicillin (formaldehyde ester of ampicillin) Talampicillin Hetacillin (ampicillin conjugated to acetone) Epicillin is an ...