... is a calcium channel blocker, specifically of the phenylalkylamine type. This type is separate from its more common ... which is the most common type of phenylalkylamine style calcium channel blocker. Anipamil has been shown to be a more effective ... Raddino, Riccardo; Poli, Enzo; Pasini, Evasio; Ferrari, Roberto (1992-09-01). "Effects of the novel calcium channel blocker, ... 522 (1 Calcium Antag): 519-521. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb33391.x. ISSN 0077-8923. S2CID 83705020. (Chemical articles with ...

In contrast, calcium channel blockers and anticholinergic medications can worsen urinary retention by promoting bladder muscle ... Several techniques and types of catheter are available, including sterile (single-use) and clean (multiple use) catheters, but ... Medications like pseudoephedrine, anticholinergics, and calcium channel blockers may worsen symptoms. The underlying mechanism ... DHT is synthesized in the prostate from circulating testosterone by the action of the enzyme 5α-reductase, type 2. DHT can act ...

"Modulation of A-type potassium channels by a family of calcium sensors". Nature. 403 (6769): 553-556. Bibcode:2000Natur.403.. ... They are integral subunit components of native Kv4 channel complexes. They may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal ... Kv channel interacting proteins are members of a family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel-interacting proteins (KCNIPs, ... "Elimination of fast inactivation in Kv4 A-type potassium channels by an auxiliary subunit domain". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99 ...

Alternative treatments may consist of calcium channel blockers or beta blockers which reduce chest pain by relaxing the muscle ... Another difference is that while chest pain caused by any type of stable angina is relieved with nitroglycerin, this drug is ... calcium channel blockers - specifically nifedipine and diltiazem can be effective. beta blockers - also work. Can make coronary ... However, sedentary and overweight individuals with a family history of type 2 diabetes should be tested regularly to determine ...

"Modulation of A-type potassium channels by a family of calcium sensors". Nature. 403 (6769): 553-556. Bibcode:2000Natur.403.. ... They are integral subunit components of native Kv4 channel complexes. They may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal ... "Entrez Gene: KCNIP1 Kv channel interacting protein 1". Burgoyne RD (2007). "Neuronal calcium sensor proteins: generating ... 2001). "Conserved Kv4 N-terminal domain critical for effects of Kv channel-interacting protein 2.2 on channel expression and ...

Other types of voltage-activated Ca2+-channels include T-type and P-type channels. Because the presence of calcium in the ... Calciseptine specifically blocks L-type calcium channels, but not other voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels such as N-type and T- ... and for N-type Ca2+-channels. Before calciseptine was sequenced and shown to be a specific L-type calcium channel inhibitor, no ... blockers of calcium channels prevent the muscles from building tension. Blockers of the L-type calcium channels, which occur in ...

It targets L-type calcium channels in muscle cells and N-type calcium channels in the central nervous system which are involved ... Serum calcium concentration is not affected by amlodipine. And it specifically inhibits the currents of L-type Cav1.3 channels ... Amlodipine is an angioselective calcium channel blocker and inhibits the movement of calcium ions into vascular smooth muscle ... Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel antagonist that selectively inhibits calcium ion influx across cell membranes. ...

Using cloned α1G, α1H, and α1I T-type calcium channels, Gomora's team found that ethosuximide blocked the channels with an IC50 ... on recombinant T-type channels in cell lines demonstrated conclusively that ethosuximide blocks all T-type calcium channel ... Its mechanism of action is thought to be due to antagonism of the postsynaptic T-type voltage-gated calcium channel. ... Gomora JC, Daud AN, Weiergräber M, Perez-Reyes E (November 2001). "Block of cloned human T-type calcium channels by succinimide ...

... and single-channel conductance. Low-voltage-activated calcium channels are referred to as 'T' type because their currents are ... low-threshold calcium spikes, neuronal oscillations and resonance, and rebound burst firing. T-type calcium channel GRCh38: ... Calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1I subunit, also known as CACNA1I or Cav3.3 is a protein which in humans is ... "Entrez Gene: CACNA1H calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T type, alpha 1I subunit". Mittman S, Guo J, Emerick MC, Agnew WS ( ...

... acts as a selective N-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker. This action inhibits the release of pro- ... Klotz U (2006). "Ziconotide-a novel neuron-specific calcium channel blocker for the intrathecal treatment of severe chronic ... Miljanich GP (2004). "Ziconotide: neuronal calcium channel blocker for treating severe chronic pain". Curr Med Chem. 11 (23): ...

2003). "T-type calcium channel regulation by specific G-protein betagamma subunits". Nature. 424 (6945): 209-13. Bibcode: ... "A single Gbeta subunit locus controls cross-talk between protein kinase C and G protein regulation of N-type calcium channels ... "The familial hemiplegic migraine mutation R192Q reduces G-protein-mediated inhibition of P/Q-type (Ca(V)2.1) calcium channels ... 1997). "Direct binding of G-protein betagamma complex to voltage-dependent calcium channels". Nature. 385 (6615): 446-50. ...

... other calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers. They can exacerbate the syndrome by blocking the heart's normal electrical ... It is a type of pre-excitation syndrome. WPW syndrome may be monitored or treated with either medications or an ablation ( ... The 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guidelines recommend beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers as second-line agents, electric ... The most common type of irregular heartbeat that occurs is known as paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The cause of WPW ...

"Entrez Gene: CACNA1S calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit". Proenza C, O'Brien J, Nakai J, Mukherjee S ... the calcium channel opens, allowing calcium in and activating RyR1, which mediates much greater calcium release from the ... Cav1.1 also known as the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit, (CACNA1S), is a protein which in humans ... This gene encodes one of the five subunits of the slowly inactivating L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel in skeletal ...

The relative permeability of calcium and magnesium varies widely among TRPM channels. TRPM4 and TRPM5 are impermeable to ... TRPM6 and TRPM7, for example, contain functional α-kinase segments, which are a type of serine/threonine-specific protein ... Among the functional responsibilities of the TRPM channels are: regulation of calcium oscillations after T cell activation and ... TRPM is a family of transient receptor potential ion channels (M standing for wikt:melastatin). Functional TRPM channels are ...

... and N-type calcium channel blocker. It is reno- and cardioprotective. It was patented in 1981 and approved for medical use in ... Benidipine is a calcium channel blocker. Benidipine has additionally been found to act as an antagonist of the ... Benidipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker for the treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension). It is a triple ... Calcium channel blockers, Carboxylate esters, Dihydropyridines, Methyl esters, Nitrobenzenes, Piperidines). ...

"Modulation of A-type potassium channels by a family of calcium sensors". Nature. 403 (6769): 553-6. doi:10.1038/35000592. PMID ... They are integral subunit components of native Kv4 channel complexes. They may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal ... "Entrez Gene: KCNIP2 Kv channel interacting protein 2". Burgoyne RD (Mar 2007). "Neuronal calcium sensor proteins: generating ... Ren X, Shand SH, Takimoto K (Oct 2003). "Effective association of Kv channel-interacting proteins with Kv4 channel is mediated ...

It binds more effectively with L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle cells because of its lower resting membrane potential. ... In hypertension, the binding of nitrendipine causes a decrease in the probability of open L-type calcium channels and reduces ... "Molecular determinants of high affinity dihydropyridine binding in L-type calcium channels". The Journal of Biological ... nitrendipine diffuses into the membrane and binds to its high affinity binding site on the inactivated L-type calcium channel ...

"Modulation of A-type potassium channels by a family of calcium sensors". Nature. 403 (6769): 553-6. Bibcode:2000Natur.403..553A ... Schrader LA, Anderson AE, Mayne A, Pfaffinger PJ, Sweatt JD (2002). "PKA modulation of Kv4.2-encoded A-type potassium channels ... They are integral subunit components of native Kv4 channel complexes that may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal ... "Entrez Gene: KCNIP3 Kv channel interacting protein 3, calsenilin". Burgoyne RD (2007). "Neuronal Calcium Sensor Proteins: ...

... of the TCAs also potently inhibit sodium channels and L-type calcium channels, and therefore act as sodium channel blockers and ... Zahradník I, Minarovic I, Zahradníková A (March 2008). "Inhibition of the cardiac L-type calcium channel current by ... Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P450 (for example cimetidine, methylphenidate, fluoxetine, antipsychotics, and calcium channel ... potassium and calcium channel blocking, through interfering with the reuptake of serotonin and acting as antagonists to SHAM ( ...

... are also involved in regulation of channels and in calcium signaling. Caveolae also participate in lipid regulation. ... This type of endocytosis is used, for example, for transcytosis of albumin in endothelial cells or for internalization of the ... Caveolae have been shown to be required for the protection of cells from mechanical stress in multiple tissue types such as the ... In biology, caveolae (Latin for "little caves"; singular, caveola), which are a special type of lipid raft, are small (50-100 ...

... is a cardioselective L-type calcium channel blocker. AH-1058 binds to the same sites on the alpha-1 subunit of L-type ... These sites on the alpha-1 subunit differ from the active site of the calcium channel, meaning AH-1058 binds L-type calcium ... L-type calcium channel blockers). Class I antiarrhythmic (sodium channel blocker) characteristics have also been seen, but the ... In addition AH-1058 appears to interact with multiple states of L-type calcium channels (i.e. resting and inactive) to suppress ...

... and P-type channels). It has highest affinity to the L-type calcium channel (IC50 = 88nM[2]). However, sensitivity of the drug ... For example, the IC50 for block of L-type calcium channels on a cerebellar granule cell is 0.2 nM, but the IC50 of the block of ... especially L-type calcium channels. Calcicludine is a toxin in the venom of the green mamba (Dendroaspis angusticeps). ... is a potent blocker of high-threshold Ca2+ channels with a high affinity for L-type channels in cerebellar granule neurons". ...

... is a calcium channel blocker that selectively inhibits L-type calcium channels. Knorr AM (April 1995). "Why is ... It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine class. It is sold in the United States under the proprietary name Sular ... Calcium channel blockers, Dihydropyridines, Carboxylate esters, Nitrobenzenes). ...

2001). "Tyrosine-kinase-dependent recruitment of RGS12 to the N-type calcium channel". Nature. 408 (6813): 723-7. doi:10.1038/ ...

... the KCNQ channels (originally known as KvLQT channels); the EAG-like K+ channels; and three types of calcium (Ca)-activated K+ ... Each type of K+ channel is activated by different signals and conditions depending on their type of regulation: some open in ... Potassium channels are the most diverse group of the ion channel family. They are important in shaping the action potential, ... K+ channel tetramerisation domain is the N-terminal, cytoplasmic tetramerisation domain (T1) of voltage-gated K+ channels. It ...

This depolarizes the β cells and causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open. The resulting calcium influx induces fusion of ... are affected with type 1 (namely insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. are in diabetic ketoacidosis. A study funded by Novo ... Nateglinide (INN, trade name Starlix) is a drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Nateglinide was developed by Ajinomoto, a ... It achieves this by closing ATP-dependent potassium channels in the membrane of the β cells. ...

"Human epilepsy associated with dysfunction of the brain P/Q-type calcium channel". The Lancet. 358 (9284): 801-807. doi:10.1016 ... Zuberi, S. M. (1999). "A novel mutation in the human voltage-gated potassium channel gene (Kv1.1) associates with episodic ... ataxia type 1 and sometimes with partial epilepsy". Brain. 122 (5): 817-825. doi:10.1093/brain/122.5.817. PMID 10355668. (Pages ...

This explains how inheritance of gene code for T-type calcium channel leads to an absence seizure. Antiepileptic drugs such as ... The voltage-gated T-type calcium channel is regulated by Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABRG2), GABRG3, and ... Abnormal oscillatory spikes are produced by the low threshold T-type calcium channel. ... Ethosuximide is specific for these channels and thus it is not effective for treating other types of seizures. Valproate and ...

2000). "Modulation of A-type potassium channels by a family of calcium sensors". Nature. 403 (6769): 553-556. Bibcode:2000Natur ... 2000). "Gene structures and expression profiles of three human KCND (Kv4) potassium channels mediating A-type currents I(TO) ... 2002). "PKA modulation of Kv4.2-encoded A-type potassium channels requires formation of a supramolecular complex". J. Neurosci ... 2004). "Ito channels are octomeric complexes with four subunits of each Kv4.2 and K+ channel-interacting protein 2". J. Biol. ...

Firstly, it directly opens L-type calcium channels (LTCC) in the plasma membrane. Secondly, it renders adenylate cyclase ... Calcium signaling: ADRB-1 signaling also activates the Gq/11 family of G proteins, which is a subfamily of heterotrimeric G ... Furthermore, in nodal cells such as in the SA node, cAMP directly binds to and opens the HCN channels, increasing their open ... Due to this, more calcium enters the SR and is therefore available for the next contraction. LTCC phosphorylation increases its ...

... calcium channels over long-lasting, high-voltage-activated (L-type) calcium channels, which is probably responsible for many of ... "Voltage-dependent blockade of diverse types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes by the Ca2+ channel ... It is a nonselective calcium channel blocker. It was voluntary pulled from the market ten months after FDA approval, citing ... Calcium channel blockers, CYP2D6 inhibitors, CYP3A4 inhibitors, Ethers, Isopropyl compounds, Fluoroarenes, Tetralins, Withdrawn ...

... a small amount of calcium flows across the cell membrane into the cell through L-type calcium channels, many of which are ... which trigger protein kinase A to phosphorylate the L-type calcium channel, increasing the flow of calcium into the cell. ... this channel releases calcium from a cell's internal calcium store, the sarcoplasmic reticulum, during every heartbeat. CPVT is ... Verapamil is a calcium channel antagonist that, when combined with a beta blocker, may reduce the risk of arrhythmias in ...

... of high voltage activated voltage-dependent calcium channels (L-type, N-type, P/Q type, and R-type). Gabapentin is not a direct ... Gabapentin prevents delivery of the calcium channels to the cell membrane, reduces the activation of the channels by the α2δ ... Gabapentin is a ligand of the α2δ calcium channel subunit. α2δ is an auxiliary protein connected to the main α1 subunit (the ... Gabapentin acts by decreasing activity of a subset of calcium channels. Gabapentin was first approved for use in 1993. It has ...

SCID patients are homozygous for a single missense mutation in ORAI1, and expression of wild-type ORAI1 in SCID T cells ... Calcium release-activated channels (CRAC) are specialized plasma membrane Ca2+ ion channels. When calcium ions (Ca2+) are ... Hou X, Pedi L, Diver MM, Long SB (December 2012). "Crystal structure of the calcium release-activated calcium channel Orai". ... forms the pore of the CRAC channel. The protein ORAI1 is a structural component of the CRAC calcium channel. ORAI1 interacts ...

... have similarities with human voltage-gated calcium channels such as TPC-1 and L-type calcium channels and respond to Ca-channel ... More recently, voltage-gated calcium channels in Acanthamoeba spp. (CavAc) have been reported to ... Most disease-causing isolates belong to type T4. Below is a list of described species of Acanthamoeba, with sequence types ...