Ipsen
In 1994, the group launched Dysport (type A botulinum toxin for the treatment of muscle spasms) after acquiring the British ... the company established a partnership with Galderma for botulinum toxin type A products in aesthetic medicine. In addition, ... In 2004, the company inaugurated a new botulinum toxin production unit in Wrexham (UK). In 2007, ... Botulinum toxin) is a prescription medicine used for pathologies characterized by involuntary and uncomfortable muscle ...
Synkinesis
Ito H, Ito H, Nakano S, Kusaka H (2007). "Low-dose subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin type A for facial synkinesis and ... Botox (botulinum toxin) is a new and versatile tool for the treatment of synkinesis. Initially used for reducing hyperkinesis ... de Maio M, Bento RF (2007). "Botulinum toxin in facial palsy: an effective treatment for contralateral hyperkinesis". Plast ... with injection of botulinum toxin into the lacrimal gland". Eye. 16 (6): 705-09. doi:10.1038/sj.eye.6700230. PMID 12439663. ...
Wrinkle
... botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431-8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID ... Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum ... Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of ... Botulinum toxin Injectable filler Danby, FW (Jul-Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. ...
Strabismus surgery
Treating a case of unsatisfactory alignment often involves prisms, botulinum toxin injections, or more surgery. The likelihood ... The type of surgery for a given patient depends on the type of strabismus they are experiencing. Exodeviations are when the ... it can instead end up making existing symptoms worse or create a new type of double vision. The type of double vision can be ... Treatment of the double vision depends on both the type of double vision and the ability of two eyes to work together, also ...
Dystonia
October 1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 ... There is a Type A and a Type B toxin approved for treatment of dystonia; often, those that develop resistance to Type A may be ... Baclofen can also be taken in tablet form Botulinum toxin injections into affected muscles have proved quite successful in ... There are multiple types of dystonia, and many diseases and conditions may cause dystonia. Dystonia is classified by: Clinical ...
Hemiparesis
Blumetti FC, Belloti JC, Tamaoki MJ, Pinto JA (October 2019). "Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity ... Botulinum toxin A induces temporary muscle paralysis or relaxation. The main goal of Botulinum toxin A is to maintain the range ... Farag SM, Mohammed MO, El-Sobky TA, ElKadery NA, ElZohiery AK (March 2020). "Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper ... Intra-muscular injection of Botulinum toxin A is used to treat spasticity that is associated with hemiparesis both in cerebral ...
Spasticity
Blumetti FC, Belloti JC, Tamaoki MJ, Pinto JA (October 2019). "Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity ... Farag SM, Mohammed MO, El-Sobky TA, ElKadery NA, ElZohiery AK (March 2020). "Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Treatment of Upper ... In spastic cerebral palsy children the main treatment modality of spasticity is conservative in the form of botulinum toxin A ... Phenol injections can be used, or botulinum toxin injections into the muscle belly, to attempt to dampen the signals between ...
Upper motor neuron syndrome
Blumetti, Francesco C; Belloti, João Carlos; Tamaoki, Marcel JS; Pinto, José A (8 October 2019). "Botulinum toxin type A in the ... Phenol injections or botulinum toxin injections into a muscle belly of the upper or lower extremities can be used to attempt to ... Farag, Sara M.; Mohammed, Manal O.; EL-Sobky, Tamer A.; ElKadery, Nadia A.; ElZohiery, Abeer K. (March 2020). "Botulinum Toxin ...
Avulsion injury
Sometimes botulinum toxin is injected into the eyelid to paralyze the muscles while the eyelid heals. Trauma to the nail can ... Unlike other types of avulsion, when a nail is lost, it is not typically reattached. Following the loss of the nail, the nail ... However, it often requires additional surgeries to retain function and botulinum toxin injections have been shown to be more ...
Narcissistic personality disorder
"Personality Disorders among Individuals Seeking Cosmetic Botulinum Toxin Type A (BoNTA) Injection, a Cross-Sectional Study". ... Narcissistic personality disorder is one of the sub-types of the broader category known as personality disorders. It is often ... Communal Narcissism: A fourth type is the communal narcissist. Communal narcissism is a form of narcissism that occurs in group ... Narcissistic supply was a concept introduced by Otto Fenichel in 1938, to describe a type of admiration, interpersonal support ...
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
2016). "Brain Metabolic Changes of Cervical Dystonia with Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1 after Botulinum Toxin Therapy". ... Genetic testing is available for many SCA types, including the relatively common types SCA1, 2, 3, 6, and 7; and the less ... Clinical examination can also help distinguish between SCA types to some extent, so genetic tests for certain types can be ... each type numbered in order as a new locus was found. In 1993, the gene and a mutation causing spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 ...
Hyperhidrosis
Injections of botulinum toxin type A can be used to block neural control of sweat glands. The effect can last from 3-9 months ... Comite SL, Smith K (2015). "Commenting on: "Duration of efficacy increases with the repetition of botulinum toxin A injections ... Felber ES (October 2006). "Botulinum toxin in primary care medicine". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 106 ... Bushara KO, Park DM (November 1994). "Botulinum toxin and sweating". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 57 (11 ...
Hoarse voice
The toxin acts by blocking acetylcholine release at the thyro-arytenoid muscle. Although the use of botulinum toxin injections ... organic type), MTD stemming from vocal use (i.e. functional type), and MTD as a result of personality and/or psychological ... A medical treatment involves the use of botulinum toxin (botox) or anti-reflux medicines, for example. Botox is a key treatment ... Kim JW, Park JH, Park KN, Lee SW (2014). "Treatment efficacy of electromyography versus fiberscopy-guided botulinum toxin ...
Management of cerebral palsy
Ade-Hall RA, Moore AP (2000). "Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in cerebral palsy". The ... They include botulinum toxin, benzodiazepines, baclofen, dantrolene, tizanidine, cyclobenzaprine, and phenol. Botulinum toxin ... Blumetti FC, Belloti JC, Tamaoki MJ, Pinto JA (October 2019). "Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity ... serial casting and botulinum toxin type A injections. This main goal of these conservative measures is to impede or prevent the ...
Laminitis
Botulinum toxin infusion As an alternative to the deep digital flexor tenotomy, Clostridium botulinum type A toxin has been ... Carter DW, Renfroe JB (July 2009). "A novel approach to the treatment and prevention of laminitis: botulinum toxin type A for ... Trimming Successful treatment for any type of founder must necessarily involve stabilization of the bony column by some means. ...
SNAP25
Aoki KR, Guyer B (November 2001). "Botulinum toxin type A and other botulinum toxin serotypes: a comparative review of ... Botulinum toxins A, C and E cleave SNAP-25, leading to paralysis in clinically developed botulism. Deletion of the SNAP-25b ... SNAP-25 inhibits presynaptic P-, Q-, and L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and interacts with the synaptotagmin C2B domain ...
Philip Radovic
Radovic, Philip Andrew (1 March 2020). "Nonsurgical Treatment for Hallux Abducto Valgus with Botulinum Toxin Type A". Journal ... In 2020, Radovic authored a study titled "Treatment of "plantar fasciitis"/Plantar Heel Pain Syndrome with botulinum toxin- A ... Radovic, PA; Shah, E (January 2008). "Nonsurgical treatment for hallux abducto valgus with botulinum toxin A". Journal of the ... In 2008, Radovic authored a study titled "Nonsurgical Treatment for Hallux Abducto Valgus with Botulinum Toxin A," published in ...
Hyperkinesia
"Long-term tremor therapy for Parkinson and essential tremor with sensor-guided botulinum toxin type A injections". PLOS ONE. 12 ... Botulinum toxin B, or Myobloc, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat cervical dystonia due to level ... Due to high incidence of side effects, use of botulinum toxin has only received a C level of support from the scientific ... Botulinum toxin injection in affected muscles can successfully treat tics; involuntary movements and vocalizations can be ...
Alan B. Scott
Scott initially developed botulinum type A neurotoxin (botulinum toxin) to treat strabismus, naming it Oculinum™ ("eye aligner ... Finally, inspired by Daniel B. Drachman's work with chicks at Johns Hopkins, Dr Scott and colleagues injected botulinum toxin ... Drachman, D. B. (August 14, 1964). "Atrophy of Skeletal Muscle in Chick Embryos Treated with Botulinum Toxin". Science. 145 ( ... Scott, A. B. (October 6, 1980). "Botulinum toxin injection into extraocular muscles as an alternative to strabismus surgery". ...
Parotitis
Treatment options can include surgical removal of some of the muscle and botulinum toxin type A injections. Serum and urinary ...
Female intrasexual competition
They can use botulinum toxin to prevent wrinkles and get face lifts. Or they can use get liposuction to remove fat and achieve ... Culture plays a role in the type of plastic surgery a woman gets. The beauty standards for Westerners and Easterners are ...
Host-pathogen interaction
Many pathogenic bacteria, such as food-borne Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum, secrete toxins into the host to ... Each of these different types of organisms can then be further classified as a pathogen based on its mode of transmission. This ... Some bacteria, such as H. pylori, can secrete toxins into the surrounding tissues, resulting in cell death or inhibition of ... Each of these three types of antimicrobials can be classified into two subsequent groups: bactericidal and bacteriostatic. ...
Anterior branch of obturator nerve
"Obturator Nerve Block with Botulinum Toxin Type B for Patient with Adductor Thigh Muscle Spasm -A Case Report-". Korean Journal ...
Nicholas Lowe
Naumann, M; Lowe, N J (15 September 2001). "Botulinum toxin type A in treatment of bilateral primary axillary hyperhidrosis: ... botulinum toxins, injectable filler and Lasers in cutaneous and cosmetic Surgery. He was president of the British Cosmetic ...
Gummy smile
"Duration of effectiveness of Botulinum toxin type A in excessive gingival display: a systematic review and meta-analysis". ... Sucupira E, Abramovitz A (September 2012). "A simplified method for smile enhancement: botulinum toxin injection for gummy ... Treatment option include orthodontics, surgery (gingivectomy), botulinum toxin A injections, and micro-autologous fat ... "Surface anatomy of the lip elevator muscles for the treatment of gummy smile using botulinum toxin". The Angle Orthodontist. 79 ...
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome
Additionally, the use of Botulinum Toxin A has been used as an alternative noninvasive treatment for functional PAES. A ... Type 2: The problem lies in the abnormal insertion of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Type 3: Both types 1 and 2 ... Previous studies show a medial approach is beneficial for type I and II while a posterior approach is better for type III and ... This system classifies PAES into three main types: Type 1: The problem lies in the abnormal position of the popliteal artery. ...
Torsion dystonia
A more site-specific treatment is the injection of botulinum toxin. It is injected directly into the muscle and works much the ... The type of surgery performed is specific to the type of dystonia that the patient has[citation needed]. A systematic review ... There are several types of torsion dystonia that affect different areas of the body. However, it is unknown if the gene that ... This specific type of dystonia is frequently found in children, with symptoms starting around the ages of 11 or 12. It commonly ...
Santosh G. Honavar
"Anterior chemodenervation of levator palpebrae superioris with botulinum toxin type-A (Botox) to induce temporary ptosis for ... "Botulinum toxin in ophthalmic plastic surgery". Indian J Ophthalmol. 53 (4): 279-88. doi:10.4103/0301-4738.18915. PMID 16333182 ... B-cell type". Can J Ophthalmol. 48 (6): e156-8. doi:10.1016/j.jcjo.2013.08.008. PMID 24314431.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ... Type". Saudi J Ophthalmol. 28 (4): 338-40. doi:10.1016/j.sjopt.2014.04.004. PMC 4250491. PMID 25473357. Munch-Petersen HD, ...
Grass sickness
... but the toxin produced from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum type C may be involved. Clostridium botulinum is a soil-borne ... It may cause grass sickness when the spores of C. botulinum type C are ingested and produce their toxin locally within the ... Grass sickness may affect all types of horse, pony and donkey, and has affected some well known horses including the ...
Fish sauce
Tests showed that none were contaminated with botulinum toxin types A, B, E, and F and were free of Clostridium botulinum ... banned the import of Thai fish sauces due to a lack of information about tests for botulinum toxin. The toxin can cause death ... The Thai Office of Food Safety and Quality then tested 48 brands of fish sauce to determine the content of botulinum toxin in ... "21 brands of Thai fish sauce free from botulinum toxin". Thai PBS. 6 February 2017. Archived from the original on 3 June 2019. ...