Blood. 105 (2): 105-6. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-09-3558. PMID 15632214. Miwa S, Fujii H, Tani K, Takahashi K, Takegawa S, ... ALDOA deficiency is diagnosed through reduced aldoA enzymatic activity, however, both physiological response and fundamental ... necessary for synthetic processes and reduced glutathione involved in protecting red cells against oxidant damage. In ... Blood. 103 (6): 2401-3. doi:10.1182/blood-2003-09-3160. PMID 14615364. Esposito G, Vitgliano L, Cevenini A, Amelio T, Zagari A ...

... as a reservoir for their controlled release during physiological remodeling or repair processes. The dermis is the layer of ... The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and waste removal from its own cells as well as for the epidermis. Dermis ... On some animals, the skin is very hard and thick and can be processed to create leather. Reptiles and most fish have hard ... Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves. It ...

Blood. 109 (5): 1953-61. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-07-034124. PMID 17068149. McDonald J, Bayrak-Toydemir P, Pyeritz RE (Jul 2011 ... The physiological receptor of GDF2 is activin receptor-like kinase 1, ALK1 (also called ACVRL1), an endothelial-specific type I ... BFCN are important for the processes of learning, memory and attention. GDF2 is also important for the maturation of BFCN. ... a rare but life-threatening genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formation in multiple tissues and organs of ...

... allowing the evaluation of various physiological and pathological processes. PET imaging plays a role in both diagnosis and ... It is useful in evaluating diseases that involve altered blood flow or specific receptor expression. For example, SPECT imaging ... and is widely used in theranostics for its ability to visualize anatomical structures and assess physiological processes. In ... and creates three-dimensional images that enable visualization and quantification of physiological and biochemical processes. ...

This process is switched off by noradrenaline and serotonin which are also released by the brain stem. The formation of the ... Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Kleitman observed REM sleep and concluded that it was the physiological manifestation of ... Measures of global brain activity like electroencephalogram (EEG) voltage averaging or cerebral blood flow cannot identify ... It is now believed that dreaming may be a dopaminergic process that occurs in limbic and frontal areas of the brain. Two main ...

"Physiological role for nitrate-reducing oral bacteria in blood pressure control". Free Radic Biol Med. 55: 93-100. doi:10.1016/ ... This type of testing typically involves collection of a small amount of saliva into a sterile tube followed by processing at a ... Salivary nitrite is then further chemically reduced in blood and tissue to nitric oxide resulting in the lowering of blood ... Nitrate extracted from blood by the salivary gland, accumulates in saliva, which is then reduced to nitric oxide to have a ...

... temperature provides an environment where any bacteria that are introduced to the blood component during the collection process ... Small interruptions in the endothelium are handled by physiological mechanisms; large interruptions by the trauma surgeon. The ... Platelets, either apheresis-derived or random-donor, can be processed through a volume reduction process. In this process, the ... On a stained blood smear, platelets appear as dark purple spots, about 20% the diameter of red blood cells. The smear is used ...

... and allow for acetylcholine to dynamically regulate physiological processes. ACh receptors are related to 5-HT3 (serotonin), ... He identified it as the blood pressure-decreasing contaminant from some Claviceps purpurea ergot extracts, by the request of ... The physiological action of choline and neurine". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, ... This is why Frederick Walker Mott and William Dobinson Halliburton noted in 1899 that choline injections decreased the blood ...

None are a true description of the physiological processes, but they may be sufficiently reliable to be useful. decompression ... gas block gas embolism Blockage of a blood vessel by a bubble of gas. gas extender Carbon dioxide scrubber used to allow ... drowning The process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid. dry bag Bag which seals in a ... filtration Process for removing impurities from a fluid. Particulates are commonly removed by passing the fluid through porous ...

The majority of this bilirubin comes from the breakdown of heme from expired red blood cells in the process just described. ... Jaundice is typically caused by an underlying pathological process that occurs at some point along the normal physiological ... Normal levels of bilirubin in blood are below 1.0 mg/dl (17 μmol/L), while levels over 2-3 mg/dl (34-51 μmol/L) typically ... High blood bilirubin is divided into two types - unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin. Causes of jaundice vary from relatively ...

... s were thus a result of two-stage process: general physiological arousal, and experience of emotion. For example, the ... Her brain activates the adrenal glands which pump adrenalin through her blood stream, resulting in increased heartbeat. Jenny ... Cognitive processes, like reasoning and decision-making, are often regarded as separate from emotional processes, making a ... Emotional speech processing recognizes the user's emotional state by analyzing speech patterns. The detection and processing of ...

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is the rate at which red blood cells in anticoagulated whole blood descend ... While aggregation already takes place at normal physiological fibrinogen levels, these tend to increase when an inflammatory ... ESR can be a good marker for the inflammatory process. This may be due to the production of Interferon type I that inhibits the ... The ESR is influenced by the aggregation of red blood cells: blood plasma proteins, mainly fibrinogen, promote the formation of ...

He confirmed previous reports that the chemical process that turned "black" blood (i.e., deoxygenated blood) into "florid" ... Goodwyn dedicated his own work on the physiological aspects of drowning to his medical school friend Johannes Theodorus Van der ... blood (i.e., oxygenated blood) was halted by different causes of asphyxia, and was the first to observe that this anomaly ... His experimental work aimed to identify the physiological hallmark of drowning, which he accomplished by removing the sternum ...

Certain physiological measurements, such as blood pressure of adult humans (after separation on male/female subpopulations). ... Many natural growth processes are driven by the accumulation of many small percentage changes which become additive on a log ... For growing processes balanced by production and dissipation, the use of an extremal principle of Shannon entropy shows that σ ... The growth process of city sizes is proportionate and invariant with respect to size. From the central limit theorem therefore ...

Physiological stress is a physical change due to influence of fatigue, anxiety, hunger, or any factors that may change a ... When a pilot feels stressed, he or she will notice an increase in heart rate, higher blood pressure, muscle tensions, anxiety ... Pilots have more difficulty perceiving and processing the data when information are overwhelming. There are three components of ... These physiological stress symptoms eventually interrupt the pilot's cognitive functions by reducing his or her memory capacity ...

... prolonged exposure causes many physiological dysfunctions such as the suppression of the immune system and increase in blood ... This process is called traumatic coupling. In this process, the benign stimulus becomes a trauma reminder, also called a trauma ... Trauma therapy allows processing trauma-related memories and allows growth towards more adaptive psychological functioning. It ... Cognitive processing: Transforming negative perceptions and beliefs about self, others and environment to positive ones through ...

GRMF affects primarily the liver (rather than the kidneys) for some physiological processes. High-potassium media (which ... It also increases blood glucose levels by reducing glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue, decreasing protein synthesis, ... effective setpoint may be even higher than the setpoint for physiological processes. ... Cortisol increases blood glucose levels by reducing glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissue, decreasing protein synthesis, and ...

While in the blood, bicarbonate ion serves to neutralize acid introduced to the blood through other metabolic processes (e.g. ... in order to maintain a normal pH of 7.4 in the blood (whereby the pKa of carbonic acid is 6.1 at physiological temperature), a ... In the blood of most animals, the bicarbonate buffer system is coupled to the lungs via respiratory compensation, the process ... HCO− 3] is the concentration of bicarbonate in the blood [H2CO3] is the concentration of carbonic acid in the blood When ...

Autoimmune hepatitis Leukocyte migration from the blood stream to tissues through endothelial cells, in a process also known as ... and can be physiological or pathological. It is related to peripolesis, which is the attachment of one cell to another. ... It is derived from Greek (en is inside, peripoleomai is go round). Emperipolesis is an uncommon biological process, ...

... is the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes. While psychophysiology ... such as increased cardiac output and high diastolic blood pressure, which would allow us to better understand patterns and ... to better understand cognitive processes. Physiological sensors have been used to detect emotions in schools and intelligent ... psychophysiologists also frequently study the impact of physiological states and systems on psychological states and processes ...

JAMs play a significant role in many diverse physiological processes within the human body, including: Tight junctions serve to ... Angiogenesis is the generation of blood vessels from old blood vessels. Studies have shown that proteins found in tight ... JAM-1 and JAM-2 are also present in and contribute to the polarity of the blood-testis barrier. Studies have also shown that ... Bauer HC, Traweger A, Bauer H (2004-01-01). "Proteins of the Tight Junction in the Blood-Brain Barrier". In HS, Westman J (eds ...

ISBN 978-0-521-32058-0. Karasov, W. H.; C. Martinez del Rio (2007). Physiological ecology: how animals process energy, ... This is necessary because in order for enzymes to function, blood to flow, and for various body organs to operate, temperature ... Physiological diversity and its ecological implications. Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K. x + 241 pp. Tracy, C. R.; J. S. Turner ... George A. Bartholomew (1919-2006) was a founder of animal physiological ecology. He served on the faculty at UCLA from 1947 to ...

Although the exact mechanism is not completely understood, astrocytes are known to facilitate changes in blood flow and have ... Until recently, however, no physiological function had been identified that explained their presence in the astrocytes of the ... Based upon this role of AQP4-dependent glial water transport in the process of paravascular interstitial solute clearance, ... Aquaporin-4 expression in astrocytes is highly polarized to the endfoot processes ensheathing the cerebral vasculature. Up to ...

... fluid dynamics are used to explain the mechanisms of biological flows and their interrelationships with physiological processes ... Blood Rheology is the study of blood, especially the properties associated with the deformation and flow of blood. Blood is a ... the orientation of red blood cells present in the blood also affects the viscosity of blood. Thus, we can say that blood is a ... The red blood cells and the hemoglobin present in the blood, which is the main carrier of oxygen in the blood are responsible ...

Blood serum levels of phenylacetylglutamine in CKD are used as a mortality determinant. Blood plasma levels of ... This process produces comparable levels of phenylacetylglutamine in urine in relation to urea levels in a properly functioning ... that are used as treatments for the physiological dysfunction in urea cycling. Phenylbutyrate is beta-oxidized into ... Throughout the metabolic process, phenylacetylglutamine is bound and conjugated by free-plasma in the kidney to remove excess ...

Although the process is focused primarily on the rehabilitation of the patient, the family is also involved. The process ... Aerobic exercise tends to improve the body's ability to use oxygen by decreasing heart rate and blood pressure. Strengthening ... Although exercise training does not directly improve lung function, it causes several physiological adaptations to exercise ... Medications may be used in the process of pulmonary rehabilitation including: anti-inflammatory agents (inhaled steroids), ...

Biorheological research aims to determine and characterize the dynamics of physiological processes at all levels of biological ... the study of flow properties of blood and its elements. Biorheology (journal), a scientific journal in the field of biorheology ... Biorheological analyses include study of pathological processes through clinical research in the related fields of hemodynamics ... molecular studies where changes of physical properties and conformation are investigated without reference to how the process ...

Endotherms create most of their heat via metabolic processes and are colloquially referred to as warm-blooded. When the ... the study of such processes in zoology has been called physiological ecology). If the body is unable to maintain a normal ... blood travelling to the limb passes the cooler venous blood from the limb and heat is exchanged warming the venous blood and ... John Hunter showed that the essential difference between the so-called warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals lies in observed ...

... and physiological processes. In some centers, the nuclear medicine scans can be superimposed, using software or hybrid cameras ... Some studies require the labeling of a patient's own blood cells with a radionuclide (leukocyte scintigraphy and red blood cell ... This process is unlike a diagnostic X-ray, where external radiation is passed through the body to form an image.[citation ... Some disease processes result in the exclusion of a tracer, resulting in the appearance of a "cold spot". Many tracer complexes ...

In physiological literature, it is given the name 20:3 (n-9). (See Fatty acid#Nomenclature for an explanation of the naming ... Its elevated presence in the blood is an indication of essential fatty acid deficiency. Mead acid is found in large quantities ... Cyclooxygenases are enzymes known to play a large role in inflammatory processes through oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, ... When physiological levels of arachidonic acid are low, other unsaturated fatty acids including mead and linoleic acid are ...

... and central information processing. It is believed the central processing in the brain compares the afferent and efferent ... Different physiological pathways may lead to shortness of breath including via ASIC chemoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, and lung ... Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies and medulla supply information regarding the blood gas levels of O2, CO2 and H+. In the ... Extra supplemental oxygen is effective in those with hypoxia; however, this has no effect in those with normal blood oxygen ...

... is involved in numerous physiological processes, including sleep, thermoregulation, learning and memory, pain, ( ... If serotonin is released in the blood faster than the platelets can absorb it, the level of free serotonin in the blood is ... Page IH (1 July 1954). "Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine)". Physiological Reviews. American Physiological Society. 34 (3): 563- ... and numerous physiological processes such as vomiting and vasoconstriction. This multifacetedness has led to its study being ...

Therefore, it is not surprising that it plays a major role in many physiological processes and pathologies, including cancer. ... This suggests a potential mechanism to generate the soluble forms of HJV/hemojuvelin (s-hemojuvelin) found in the blood of ... A furin-like pro-protein convertase has been implicated in the processing of RGMc (also called hemojuvelin). Both the Ganz and ... Kuninger D, Kuns-Hashimoto R, Nili M, Rotwein P (2008). "Pro-protein convertases control the maturation and processing of the ...

Specific immune functions effected by this process are cytokinesis, migration, phagocytosis, antigen processing and presenting ... Thus, the physiological range of GCs is monitored by the negative feedback loop GCs exert on any portion of the HPA. ... Glucocorticoids released in the blood, serve as a messenger by binding to glucocorticoid receptors in a wide distribution ... The summative process is as follows: Methylprednisolone intercalates in the plasma membrane, causes physiochemical changes, ...

He presented a view of disease in terms of chemical process, in which healthy blood could be attacked by external contagia; ... physiological) and dead chemical processes proved a great inspiration to several of his students and others who were interested ... 205 Liebig identified the blood as the site of the body's "chemical factory", where he believed processes of synthesis and ... He also developed a manufacturing process for beef extracts, and with his consent a company, called Liebig Extract of Meat ...