... lipid - liver - locus - long-term potentiation - Louis Pasteur - lung - Lynn Margulis - Lyon hypothesis - lysis - lysozyme - ... protein biosynthesis - protein - protein translocation - proteolysis - proteome - proteomics - protist - protista - proton pump ... metabolism - metaphase - metapopulation - metazoa - Michaelis-Menten kinetics - microbe - microbiology - microevolution - ...

The alterations to metabolism by PKM2 increases ATP resources, stimulates macromolecular biosynthesis and redox control. ... Activated mTOR stimulates protein and lipid biosynthesis and cell growth in response to sufficient nutrient and energy ... Although the link between the cancer and metabolism was observed in the early days of cancer research by Otto Heinrich Warburg ... Therefore, the alteration of cellular and energy metabolism has been suggested as one of The Hallmarks of Cancer. High amount ...

Chapman KD (July 2004). "Occurrence, metabolism, and prospective functions of N-acylethanolamines in plants". Progress in Lipid ... Waluk DP (2012). Biosynthesis and physiological functions of N-acyl amino acids (PDF) (Ph.D. thesis). Stockholm University. ... The enzymatic biosynthesis of NATs remains unknown. A distinct circulating enzyme, peptidase M20 domain containing 1 (PM20D1), ... Bisogno T, Katayama K, Melck D, Ueda N, De Petrocellis L, Yamamoto S, Di Marzo V (June 1998). "Biosynthesis and degradation of ...

The metabolism of a cell consists of an elaborate network of interconnected pathways that enable the synthesis and breakdown of ... In times of excess lipid or protein energy sources, certain reactions in the glycolysis pathway may run in reverse to produce ... Heme, an important prosthetic group present in Complexes I, II, and IV can also be targeted, since heme biosynthesis and uptake ... One example of an exception to this "rule" is the metabolism of glucose. Glycolysis results in the breakdown of glucose, but ...

Kelly, Karen (July 28, 2011). "Phospholipid Biosynthesis". The AOCS Lipid Library. Retrieved September 3, 2012. Kuge, Osamu; ... In humans, metabolism of phosphatidylethanolamine is thought to be important in the heart. When blood flow to the heart is ... Christie, W.W. (April 16, 2012). "Phosphatidylethanolamine and Related Lipids". The AOCS Lipid Library. Archived from the ... The levels of Amadori-phosphatidylethanolamine products are higher in foods with high lipid and sugar concentrations that have ...

Das NP (December 1971). "Studies on flavonoid metabolism. Absorption and metabolism of (+)-catechin in man". Biochemical ... Research has shown that flavan-3-ols may affect vascular function, blood pressure, and blood lipids, with only minor effects ... Figure 1:Schematic overview of the flavan-3-ol (-)-epicatechin biosynthesis in plants: Enzymes are indicated in blue, ... The colonic microbiome has also an important role in the metabolism of flavan-3-ols and they are catabolized to smaller ...

Due to the essential role of NADPH in lipid and DNA biosynthesis and the hyperproliferative nature of most cancers, NADK is an ... "Human Haploid Cell Genetics Reveals Roles for Lipid Metabolism Genes in Nonapoptotic Cell Death". ACS Chemical Biology. 10 (7 ... Biology portal Oxidative phosphorylation Electron transport chain Metabolism PDB: 1SUW​; Liu J, Lou Y, Yokota H, Adams PD, Kim ... a key enzyme in NADP biosynthesis". Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry. 6 (7): 739-46. doi:10.2174/138955706777698688. PMID ...

Schwarz M, Lund EG, Russell DW (1998). "Two 7 alpha-hydroxylase enzymes in bile acid biosynthesis". Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 9 (2 ... The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of ... Lipid Res. 38 (5): 1053-8. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)37229-1. PMID 9186922. Li-Hawkins J, Lund EG, Turley SD, Russell DW (June ... Lipid Res. 40 (12): 2195-203. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32094-0. PMID 10588945. v t e (Articles with short description, Short ...

"Mechanism of Action of Fibrates on Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism". Circulation. 98 (19): 2088-2093. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.98.19 ... Statins competitively inhibit hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase which is used in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and ... One way is its presentation in the body (including the specific type of lipid that is increased). The other way is due to the ... The Lipid Research Council - Cardiovascular Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT) also showed that when these agents were used ...

Ceramide plays a very important role in the metabolism and biosynthesis of sphingolipid. More specifically, it is synthesized ... Alpy F, Tomasetto C (Jul 2005). "Give lipids a START: the StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain in mammals". Journal of ... Loewen CJ, Roy A, Levine TP (May 2003). "A conserved ER targeting motif in three families of lipid binding proteins and in ... Collagen type IV alpha-3-binding protein, also known as ceramide transfer protein (CERT) or StAR-related lipid transfer protein ...

Hecker, M; Ullrich, V (1989). "On the mechanism of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 biosynthesis". The Journal of Biological ... Other Lipid Mediators. 56 (2-3): 53-76. doi:10.1016/s0090-6980(98)00043-4. PMID 9785378. Matsunobu, T; Okuno, T; Yokoyama, C; ... alter arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets. Shortly thereafter, 12-HHT was reported to inhibit the chemotaxis- ... The Journal of Lipid Research. 54 (11): 2979-87. doi:10.1194/jlr.M037754. PMC 3793602. PMID 24009185. Hecker, M; Ullrich, V ( ...

Lipid soluble hormones, (such as steroids) generally pass through the plasma membranes of target cells (both cytoplasmic and ... The rate of hormone biosynthesis and secretion is often regulated by a homeostatic negative feedback control mechanism. Such a ... Oppenheimer JH (1968-05-23). "Role of Plasma Proteins in the Binding, Distribution and Metabolism of the Thyroid Hormones". New ... Despite being lipid soluble, they nevertheless attach to their receptor at the cell surface. In vertebrates, endocrine glands ...

... can be used as a tool for studying photorespiratory carbon metabolism in plant leaves. Such studies can be ... As glyoxylate levels continue to increase, they can harm the plant by (1) reacting with DNA, (2) oxidizing membrane lipids, (3 ... This is supported by the following findings: (1) glycolate biosynthesis in the chloroplasts is highest at low CO2 ... and their potential roles in its metabolism". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1753 (2): 209-16. doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.08.004. PMID ...

It functions as a hormone, regulating bile acid synthesis, with effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Reduced synthesis, and ... "Definition of a novel growth factor-dependent signal cascade for the suppression of bile acid biosynthesis". Genes Dev. 17 (13 ... FGF19 also has metabolic effects, affecting glucose and lipid metabolism when used in experimental mouse models. When FGF19 was ... defective feedback inhibition of bile acid biosynthesis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7 (11): 1189-94. doi:10.1016/j.cgh. ...

Potential of lipid metabolism in marine diatoms for biofuel production. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 8(1), 28. https://doi.org/ ... Silica biosynthesis, for which the species T. pseudonana has come to serve as a model organism for study, has been of ... The T. pseudonana genome revealed novel genes for intracellular trafficking and metabolism in diatoms. This species was again ... It has revealed novel pathways for silica biosynthesis, which involve uptake of monosilicic acid from the marine environment, ...

It was identified as a member of ML domain family of proteins involved in innate immunity and lipid metabolism in the SMART ... A study on its biosynthesis in human skin fibroblasts". Biol. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler. 366 (9): 887-91. doi:10.1515/bchm3.1985.366.2 ... GM2A is a lipid transfer protein that stimulates the enzymatic processing of gangliosides, and also T-cell activation through ... lipid presentation. This protein binds molecules of ganglioside GM2, extracts them from membranes, and presents them to beta- ...

"Metabolism of cerivastatin by human liver microsomes in vitro". Drug Metabolism and Dispersion, 25 (3): 321-331 Kalaria D, ... This also means that the rates subsequent biosynthesis is reduced, since less starting material is available. Eventually, this ... Endo A (1992). "The discovery and development of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors" Journal of Lipid Research 33: 1569-1582 [3], 11 ... Boberg M, Angerbauer R, Fey P, Kanhai WK, Karl W, Kern A, Ploschke J, Radtke M (1996). "Metabolism of cerivastatin by human ...

2000). "cDNA cloning and characterization of human Delta5-desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid". Biochem ... 2007). "Identifying leukocyte gene expression patterns associated with plasma lipid levels in human subjects". Atherosclerosis ... metabolism and have a potential role in the development of atopic diseases. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000149485 - ... Journal of Lipid Research. 50 (6): 1195-202. doi:10.1194/jlr.M800630-JLR200. PMC 2681401. PMID 19202133. Lattka, E.; Illig, T ...

Tang Y, Xia H, Li D (2018). "Membrane Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Bacteria". In Cao Y (ed.). Advances in Membrane Proteins. ... Corazzi L, Robert R (2009). "Lipids of Brain Mitochondria". In Lajtha A, Tettamanti G, Goracci G (eds.). Handbook of ... Ye C, Shen Z, Greenberg ML (April 2016). "Cardiolipin remodeling: a regulatory hub for modulating cardiolipin metabolism and ... The change in acyl chain composition and lipid peroxidation caused by defective tafazzin can cause defective sarcomeric action ...

Foster JW, Moat AG (1 March 1980). "Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis and pyridine nucleotide cycle metabolism in ... Romani M, Hofer DC, Katsyuba E, Auwerx J (April 2019). "Niacin: an old lipid drug in a new NAD+ dress". J. Lipid Res. 60 (4): ... Despite the proven lipid changes, niacin has not been found useful for decreasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in those ... It is used either as a monotherapy or in combination with other lipid-modifying drugs. Dosages start at 500 mg/day and are ...

His proposals on the biosynthesis and degradation of cerebroside-3-sulfate, a lipid found in high concentrations in patients ... On his return to India, he focused his studies on amino acids and inorganic sulphate metabolism, as well as glycosaminoglycan. ... S.; Basu D. K. & Bachhawat (1963). "Controlled study of enzyme activities in three human disorders of glycolipid metabolism ( ... Balasubramanian A. S.; Bachhawat B. K. (June 1970). "Sulfate metabolism in brain". Brain Res. 20 (3): 341-360. doi:10.1016/0006 ...

Experiments on the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and excretory products are used to support and demonstrate this ... Kennedy, E P (2001), "Hitler's gift and the era of biosynthesis", J. Biol. Chem. (published Nov 16, 2001), vol. 276, no. 46, pp ... Their experiment also provided information regarding the breakdown process of lipid compounds containing deuterium in ... Prior to his emigration, his work was mostly focused on the metabolism of cholesterol. In 1934 Schoenheimer began his work on ...

Lipid compounds like hopanoids serve as extremely useful biomarkers for ancient life as they are both diverse and extremely ... The proposed biosynthesis of diplopterol involves a cascade cyclization of terpenoid precursor squalene by the enzyme hopane- ... This isotopic signature is impacted by a variety of factors including burial rates, nutrients, and metabolism. For example, ... Diplopterol, also known as hopan-22-ol, is a lipid natural product belonging to the family of triterpenoids known as the ...

... reproductively normal mice that accumulate hepatic lipids and have remarkably diminished capacity of hepatic drug metabolism. ... "Alternative pathway androgen biosynthesis and human fetal female virilization". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ... 2021-04-15). "Biased cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism via small-molecule ligands binding P450 oxidoreductase". Nature ... and lipids. Since all microsomal P450 enzymes require POR for catalysis, it is expected that disruption of POR would have ...

LPS that include lipid A and a complete core oligosaccharide (inner and outer) is referred to as "rough LPS." The enzymes ... Hershberger C, Binkley SB (April 1968). "Chemistry and metabolism of 3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid. I. Stereochemical ... Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Innate Immunity. 15 (5): 261-312. doi:10.1177/1753425909106436. ... An LPS molecule that includes only a lipid A and an inner core (or less. See example) is referred to as "deep-rough LPS". The ...

... lipid - lipid anchored protein - lipid bilayer - lipoprotein - liquid - list of compounds - list of gene families - locus - ... protein biosynthesis - Protein Data Bank - protein design - protein expression - protein folding - protein isoform - protein ... cotransport metabolism - covalent bond - covalent radius - CpG island - cristae - cryptobiology - crystal structure - ... It deals with the structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and ...

Together these make up nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, the bulk of living matter. Five of these six elements comprise the ... Most of these are synthesised by the ribosomes through an enzyme-catalyzed process called protein biosynthesis. A sequence of ... metabolism and the ability to grow or respond to their environments. Viruses have been classed into "species" based on their ... metabolism, growth, adaptation, response to stimuli, and reproduction. Many philosophical definitions of living systems have ...

Petzold GL, Agranoff BW (1967). "The biosynthesis of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride by embryonic chick brain". Journal of ... Carter JR, Kennedy EP (1966). "Enzymatic synthesis of cytidine diphosphate diglyceride". Journal of Lipid Research. 7 (5): 678- ... This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism and phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Sparrow CP, Raetz CR ( ... McCaman RE, Finnerty WR (1968). "Biosynthesis of cytidine diphosphate-diglyceride by a particulate fracgion from Micrococcus ...

Metabolism, Molecular biology, Physiology, Plant physiology, Sulfur, Sulfur metabolism). ... The route of biosynthesis and physiological function of sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol is still under investigation. From ... Under natural conditions glutathione S-transferases are assumed to have significance in the detoxification of lipid ... In sulfur metabolism it functions as reductant in the reduction of APS to sulfite. It is also the major transport form of ...

The encoded protein stimulates squalene monooxygenase which is a downstream enzyme in metabolism of cholesterol. GRCh38: ... This gene encodes a cytosolic protein which belongs to a family of lipid-binding proteins including Sec14p, alpha-tocopherol ... is a cytosolic squalene transfer protein and enhances cholesterol biosynthesis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (5): 2244-9. ... a link between oxidized Vitamin E and cholesterol biosynthesis". J. Mol. Biol. 332 (4): 759-65. doi:10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00924 ...

Although its primary function in human lipid metabolism has not been established, apo A-IV has been found to: activate lecithin ... 1984). "Biosynthesis of human preapolipoprotein A-IV". J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1): 468-74. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)43684-2. PMID ... of human apolipoprotein A-IV and its significance in lipid metabolism". Genet. Epidemiol. 9 (6): 379-88. doi:10.1002/gepi. ... 1995). "Apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphism in the Hungarian population: gene frequencies, effect on lipid levels, and sequence of ...

... promotes lipid biosynthesis and storage of lipids is favored over fatty acid oxidation. In addition, activation promotes ... Bell FP (November 1982). "Effects of phthalate esters on lipid metabolism in various tissues, cells and organelles in mammals ... Obesogens are certain chemical compounds that are hypothesised to disrupt normal development and balance of lipid metabolism, ... Ferré P (February 2004). "The biology of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: relationship with lipid metabolism and ...

The elaioplast specifically is primarily responsible for the storage and metabolism of lipids, among these roles, recent ... Gleizes M, Pauly G, Carde JP, Marpeau A, Bernard-Dagan C (November 1983). "Monoterpene hydrocarbon biosynthesis by isolated ... The main function of elaioplasts are synthesis and storage of fatty acids, terpenes, and other lipids, and they can be found in ... Found also in oilseeds, elaioplasts in this group provide lipids to be converted into carbohydrates which will serve as fuel in ...

... metabolism in humans is also the target of cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as statins. In humans and other animals the ... Similar to lipids, steroids are highly concentrated energy stores. However, they are not typically sources of energy; in ... Steroid biosynthesis is an anabolic pathway which produces steroids from simple precursors. A unique biosynthetic pathway is ... Squalene biosynthesis is catalyzed by squalene synthase, which belongs to the squalene/phytoene synthase family. Subsequent ...