Regarding the way in which homeopathy is represented in the medical literature, a systematic review found signs of bias in the ... European Journal of Epidemiology. 18 (8): 817-22. doi:10.1023/A:1025343720564. PMID 12974558. S2CID 19059757. CAM use [in the ... A related issue is publication bias: researchers are more likely to submit trials that report a positive finding for ... Sackett, David L. (1979). "Bias in analytic research". Journal of Chronic Diseases. 32 (1-2): 51-63. doi:10.1016/0021-9681(79) ...

This selection bias can happen at any stage of the research process. This introduces bias into the data where certain variables ... In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a ... Multiple comparison bias can occur when several hypotheses are tested at the same time. As the number of recorded factors ... It would also suffer from various confounds and sources of bias, e.g. it would be impossible to conduct it as a blind ...

Weight bias is an ongoing field of study focusing on obesity-related stigmatization. Multiple academics cite evidence of ... A 2009 study in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health found that racial/ethnic minorities have a higher risk of ... Educational weight bias also presents in the correlation between obesity and educational attainment. A study of over 700,000 ... Weight bias, fat stigma, and discrimination are factors that many academics say can contribute to hopelessness and depression, ...

MAUP is closely related to the topic of ecological fallacy and ecological bias (Arbia, 1988). Ecological bias caused by MAUP ... then focused on the topic of MAUP in the context of spatial epidemiology. A method of MAUP sensitivity analysis is presented ... The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a source of statistical bias that can significantly impact the results of ... Simulation studies have demonstrated that the spatial support of variables can affect the magnitude of ecological bias caused ...

In the field of epidemiology, source attribution refers to a category of methods with the objective of reconstructing the ... The incorporation of different types of sequences (clonal and bulk) into the same phylogeny may bias the interpretation of ... The breadth of coverage offered by WGS is more advantageous for the epidemiology of bacterial pathogens than viruses. Bacterial ... In the context of molecular epidemiology, phylogenies are used to relate infections in different hosts and are usually ...

... epidemiology,market research, and ecological modelling, since these fields are inherently concerned with aggregate data; ... however, quantification is also useful in applications outside these fields, such as in measuring classifier bias and enforcing ...

The retrospective aspect may introduce selection bias and mis-classification or information bias. With retrospective studies, ... Case-control study "What is epidemiology?" (PDF). 11 March 2019. "Definition of historic cohort study - NCI Dictionary of ... When relying on individual recall of former exposure to risk variables, recall may be inaccurate and subject to biases. It can ... Retrospective cohort studies require particular caution because errors due to confounding and bias are more common than in ...

With only little empirical data associating study results and study design, bias in genetic association studies are not well ... Disease gene identification Association mapping Family based QTL mapping Genetic epidemiology Genetic linkage Genome-wide ...

The struggle to compete encourages exaggeration of findings and biased data selection. A recent survey found that one in three ... Ioannidis claimed that in epidemiology, some one in ten hypotheses should be true. In exploratory disciplines like genomics, ... and publication bias favoring novel claims. A statistically powerful study identifies factors with only small effects on data. ...

There is also bias in comprehending, interpreting and reporting the conclusions of Purdey, other scientists, and even the ... His theories encouraged researchers to publish in 1999 the statistical correlations between the epidemiology of BSE in cattle, ... poured on cattle as systemic pesticides cannot be reconciled with the epidemiology and is not supported by research. One ...

Epidemiology and endemic conditions are also considered in creating and evaluating the list of diagnoses. The list is dynamic ... It is during this stage that clinical bias like anchoring or premature closure may be introduced. Once key findings are ... Saposnik, Gustavo; Redelmeier, Donald; Ruff, Christian C.; Tobler, Philippe N. (2016-11-03). "Cognitive biases associated with ...

This bias can be either implicit or explicit, but both are harmful to the well-being of Black patients. Explicit biases have ... According to "Epidemiology of racial/ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality," screenings are a large ... Most notably, in 2018, an initiative was created in New York City in which healthcare workers had to undergo implicit bias ... 243 (2021) Can You Hear Me?: How Implicit Bias Creates a Disparate Impact in Maternal Healthcare for Black Women, Glover, Kenya ...

August 2019). "RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials". BMJ. 366: l4898. doi:10.1136/bmj.l4898. ... ISBN 978-1-85775-485-8. Porta M, Last JM (2008). Dictionary of Epidemiology (5 ed.). OUP USA. ISBN 978-0-19-531450-2. Higgins ... October 2011). "The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials". BMJ. 343: d5928. doi: ... the risk of bias. Critical appraisal tools for cross-sectional studies are the AXIS, JBI, Nested Knowledge tools; for ...

... involving bias and lack of reliable confidence intervals, as well as difficulties in excluding the possibility of no difference ... Dictionary of Epidemiology - Oxford Reference. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199976720.001.0001. ISBN 9780199976720. Schünemann, Holger ...

This unequal treatment stems from the idea that there are racial medical differences and is also rooted in racial biases and ... Saugstad LF (September 1981). "Weight of all births and infant mortality". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 35 (3 ... Sabin JA, Greenwald AG (May 2012). "The influence of implicit bias on treatment recommendations for 4 common pediatric ... Duc G (1995). "The crucial role of definition in perinatal epidemiology". Sozial- und Präventivmedizin. 40 (6): 357-60. doi: ...

Clinical epidemiology of lung cancer has linked the primary factors closely tied to lung cancer in non-smokers as exposure to ... Funding bias in research; in all reviews of the effects of secondhand smoke on health published between 1980 and 1995, the only ... In 2000, Copas and Shi reported that there was clear evidence of publication bias in the studies included in this meta-analysis ... reanalyzed the data from this meta-analysis to account for publication bias and estimated that the relative risk of lung cancer ...

After a brief stint as an associate professor in the department of biostatistics and epidemiology at the University of ... She worked on a large epidemiologic study of diet and premenopausal breast cancer that provided evidence of possible bias ... Potischman devoted years to studying early origins of cancers and wrote several book chapters on life course epidemiology. She ... Potischman joined the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a fellow in the Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics Training ...

... he is also the faculty director of the clinical epidemiology program within the department of epidemiology at the Harvard Chan ... Amyloid-beta transmission or unexamined bias? Nature. 2016;537(7620):E7-E8. Kavousi M, et al. Comparison of application of the ... He is currently the Stephen B. Kay Family Professor of Public Health and the chair of the Department of Epidemiology at the ... Hofman has served as the editor-in-chief of the European Journal of Epidemiology since 2000. Hofman is the initiator and ...

Her dissertation, A Double Sampling Scheme Model for Eliminating Measurement Process Bias and Estimating Measurement Errors in ... particularly on surveys relating to health and epidemiology. Lessler was born in Charlotte, North Carolina, and grew up on a ...

Groves, Robert M. "Nonresponse rates and nonresponse bias in household surveys." Public Opinion Quarterly 70.5 (2006): 646-675 ... Journal of clinical epidemiology 55.4 (2002): 319-328. De Leeuw, Edith D., and W. de Heer. "Trends in household survey ...

Bernstein, David E. (2007). "Expert Witnesses, Adversarial Bias, and the (Partial) Failure of the Daubert Revolution". Iowa Law ... Rothman, K. J.; Greenland, S. (2005). "Causation and Causal Inference in Epidemiology". American Journal of Public Health. 95 ( ... Barry Yeoman Putting Science in the Dock, The Nation Bernstein, David (1 February 2007). "Expert Witnesses, Adversarial Bias, ...

... and epidemiology it should be implemented by the intelligence community as well. These fields have used probability theory and ... are less subject to analytical bias, and such findings appear to be unambiguous. As an opposing argument, it is indisputable ...

Fifty percent of systematic reviews on TCM did not search Chinese databases, which could lead to a bias in the results. Many ... 2011). Hartling L (ed.). "Epidemiology, quality and reporting characteristics of systematic reviews of traditional Chinese ... These may be caused by factors like biased study design, poor blinding, and the classification of electrified needles (a type ... International Journal of Epidemiology. 36 (5): 1086-92. doi:10.1093/ije/dym119. PMID 17602184. Singh & Ernst 2008, p. 72 Singh ...

Card, J. J. (1987). Epidemiology of post-traumatic stress disorder in a national co-hort of Vietnam veterans. Journal of ... A bias analysis of three contemporary strategies for locating longitudinal study participants after an extended hiatus. ...

Leading forms of bias which are cited in the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, based on law enforcement agency ... Nancy Krieger, a Harvard Professor of Social Epidemiology, contended that much modern research supported the assumptions which ... Kebba, Michael T. Bias Crimes and Incidents Synopsis. Seattle: Seattle Police Department Memorandum, 2016. Print. Chae, David H ... "African immigrants face bias from blacks". Post-gazette.com. December 31, 1969. Retrieved February 16, 2013. "Racism not always ...

The introduction of bias will tend to depress the PPV; in the extreme case when the bias of a study is maximized, P ( True ... Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 148: 160-169. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2022.04.017. PMID 35447356. S2CID 248250137 - via www. ... Let u ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] {\displaystyle u\in [0,1]} be the probability that an analysis was only published due to researcher bias. ... Given the realities of bias, low statistical power, and a small number of true hypotheses, Ioannidis concludes that the ...

Epidemiology is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of ... In contrast to "everyday" statistics, to not engender bias or unduly draw conclusions, forensic statisticians report ...

When one or more of the cells in the contingency table can have a small value, the sample odds ratio can be biased and exhibit ... On the other hand, if one of the properties (A or B) is sufficiently rare (in epidemiology this is called the rare disease ... The odds ratio is commonly used in survey research, in epidemiology, and to express the results of some clinical trials, such ... Nurminen M (August 1995). "To use or not to use the odds ratio in epidemiologic analyses?". European Journal of Epidemiology. ...

Caste, class, religious bias and race also determine whether action is taken or not. For example, poor or lower-caste females ... A 1999 study published by the American Journal of Epidemiology identified so-called "stress factors" that are critical to ... American Journal of Epidemiology. 167 (10): 1188-1196. doi:10.1093/aje/kwn049. PMC 2789268. PMID 18367471. Domestic Violence ... American Journal of Epidemiology. 150 (4): 417-26. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010021. PMID 10453818. Ellsberg, Mary (2008 ...

Publication bias: Statistically nonsignificant results may be less likely to be published, which can bias the literature. ... American Journal of Epidemiology. 104 (4): 408-421. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112313. PMID 788503. Yates, Frank (1951). " ... Failure to submit or publish findings because of lack of statistical significance is an important cause of publication bias. ... Rigidly requiring statistical significance as a criterion for publication, resulting in publication bias. Most of the criticism ...