Beta defensins are a family of vertebrate defensins. The beta defensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in the resistance ... beta and theta categories. Every mammalian species explored thus far has beta-defensins. In cows, as many as 13 beta-defensins ... α-defensins and insect defensins. Subsequent structural analyses have suggested that the β-defensins, α-defensins, θ-defensins ... Human, rabbit and guinea-pig beta-defensins, as well as human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2), induce the activation and degranulation ...

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB3 gene. HBD-3 was first isolated from human lesional ... Bensch KW, Raida M, Mägert HJ, Schulz-Knappe P, Forssmann WG (July 1995). "hBD-1: a novel beta-defensin from human plasma". ... Dhople V, Krukemeyer A, Ramamoorthy A (September 2006). "The human beta-defensin-3, an antibacterial peptide with multiple ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Human genes, Peripheral membrane proteins, Defensins). ...

Hiratsuka T, Nakazato M, Ashitani J, Matsukura S (February 1999). "[A study of human beta-defensin-1 and human beta-defensin-2 ... "Expression of the peptide antibiotics human beta defensin-1 and human beta defensin-2 in normal human skin". The Journal of ... "The structure of human beta-defensin-1: new insights into structural properties of beta-defensins". The Journal of Biological ... Beta-defensin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB1 gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic ...

... is an antibiotic peptide which is locally regulated by inflammation. Human beta-defensin 2 is produced by a ... "Entrez Gene: DEFB4 defensin, beta 4". Schröder JM, Harder J (June 1999). "Human beta-defensin-2". The International Journal of ... defensin, beta 4) gene. Human beta-defensin-2 (hBD-2) is a cysteine-rich cationic low molecular weight antimicrobial peptide ... "Expression of the peptide antibiotics human beta defensin-1 and human beta defensin-2 in normal human skin". The Journal of ...

Theta defensins form a single beta-hairpin structure and represent a distinct group. Only alpha and beta-defensins are ... Vertebrate defensins are primarily α-defensins and β-defensins. Some primates additionally have the much smaller θ-defensins. ... Although the most well-studied defensins are from vertebrates, a family of trans-defensins called 'big defensins' are found in ... whereas defensins from eukaryote defensins almost all have six or eight. In addition to the defensins involved in host defence ...

"Entrez Gene: DEFB119 defensin, beta 119". Lehrer RI, Ganz T (2002). "Defensins of vertebrate animals". Curr. Opin. Immunol. 14 ... Beta-defensin 119 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB119 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000180483 - ... "Discovery of five conserved beta -defensin gene clusters using a computational search strategy". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99 ( ... Raj PA, Dentino AR (2002). "Current status of defensins and their role in innate and adaptive immunity". FEMS Microbiol. Lett. ...

Defensins of mammals display anti-cancer activities in vitro, and down-regulation of human beta-defensin 1 is associated with ... This is supported by 3D structural differences between arthropod defensins and vertebrate beta defensins. However structural ... Mutants for the defensin-like antimicrobial peptide Drosomycin were more susceptible to fungi, validating a role for defensin- ... Arthropod defensins are a family defensin proteins found in mollusks, insects, and arachnids. These cysteine-rich antibacterial ...

The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and is a member of the beta defensin protein family. Beta defensin genes are found ... Beta-defensin 129 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB129 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides ... "Entrez Gene: DEFB129 defensin, beta 129". Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion ... Kao CY, Chen Y, Zhao YH, Wu R (2003). "ORFeome-based search of airway epithelial cell-specific novel human [beta]-defensin ...

... alpha-defensins, beta-defensins and theta-defensins. All beta-defensin genes are densely clustered in four to five syntenic ... Beta-defensin 106 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB106A gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and ... "Entrez Gene: DEFB106A defensin, beta 106A". Xin A (Jan 2014). "Soluble fusion expression, characterization and localization of ... Kao CY, Chen Y, Zhao YH, Wu R (2003). "ORFeome-based search of airway epithelial cell-specific novel human [beta]-defensin ...

... alpha-defensins, beta-defensins and theta-defensins. All beta-defensin genes are densely clustered in four to five syntenic ... Beta-defensin 104 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB104A gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and ... beta 104A". Patil AA, Cai Y, Sang Y, Blecha F, Zhang G (September 2005). "Cross-species analysis of the mammalian beta-defensin ... Chromosome 8p23 contains at least two copies of the duplicated beta-defensin cluster. This duplication results in two identical ...

... human beta-defensin 118 (DEFB118) (formerly ESC42), is an antimicrobial beta-defensin". Endocrinology. 145 (7): 3165-73. doi: ... "Entrez Gene: DEFB118 defensin, beta 118". van Wetering S, Sterk PJ, Rabe KF, Hiemstra PS (Dec 1999). "Defensins: key players or ... Beta-defensin 118 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB118 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000131068 - ... Kao CY, Chen Y, Zhao YH, Wu R (Jul 2003). "ORFeome-based search of airway epithelial cell-specific novel human [beta]-defensin ...

The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and is a member of the beta defensin protein family. Beta defensin genes are found ... Beta-defensin 127 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB127 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides ... "Entrez Gene: DEFB127 defensin, beta 127". van Wetering S, Sterk PJ, Rabe KF, Hiemstra PS (2000). "Defensins: key players or ... 2003). "Distribution of new human beta-defensin genes clustered on chromosome 20 in functionally different segments of ...

The protein encoded by this gene is secreted and is a member of the beta defensin protein family. Beta defensin genes are found ... Beta-defensin 126 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB126 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides ... "Entrez Gene: DEFB126 defensin, beta 126". Tollner TL, Venners SA, Hollox EJ, Yudin AI, Liu X, Tang G, Xing H, Kays RJ, Lau T, ... "Discovery of five conserved beta -defensin gene clusters using a computational search strategy". Proceedings of the National ...

On the basis of their size and pattern of disulfide bonding, mammalian defensins are classified into alpha, beta and theta ... Defensin α-defensin β-defensin θ-defensin Cryptdin Hill CP, Yee J, Selsted ME, Eisenberg D (March 1991). "Crystal structure of ... Alpha defensins are a family of mammalian defensin peptides of the alpha subfamily. In mammals they are also known as cryptdins ... Some defensins are synthesized as propeptides which may be relevant to this process. Alpha defensins of the mouse bowel were ...

2002). "Identification of a novel, multifunctional beta-defensin (human beta-defensin 3) with specific antimicrobial activity. ... Beta-defensin 103 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB103A gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and ... Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence. This gene encodes defensin, beta 103B, which has broad ... "Entrez Gene: DEFB103A defensin, beta 103A". Candille SI, Kaelin CB, Cattanach BM, Yu B, Thompson DA, Nix MA, Kerns JA, Schmutz ...

One important antimicrobial agent produced by odontoblasts is beta-defensins (BDs). BDs kill microorganisms by forming ... A-Delta Fibres make up 90% of the A-Fibres, while the rest are A-Beta Fibres. Have a relatively low-threshold sensory apparatus ...

θ-defensins are extremely divergent members of the defensin protein superfamily which includes alpha-, beta- and big-defensins ... Defensin α-defensin β-defensin Cyclic peptide Conibear AC, Craik DJ (26 September 2014). "The chemistry and biology of theta ... The θ-defensins appear to have evolved from α-defensin genes around 40 million years ago in Old World monkeys. Compared to ... Theta-defensins (θ-defensins, retrocyclins, or demidefensins) are a family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides. They are found ...

TGF beta - important in maintaining immune privilege P.G. McMenamin, The distribution of immune cells in the uveal tract of the ... The latter, defensins, have a wide range of antimicrobial affects against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as effects in ... 74(2): p. 293-9. Gottsch, J.D., et al., Defensin gene expression in the cornea. Curr Eye Res, 1998. 17(11): p. 1082-6. Oakes, J ... It has also been found that the presence of secreted defensins secreted by corneal keratocytes is correlated with cases of ...

1999). "Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6". Science. 286 (5439): 525-8. ... Linking antimicrobial and CC chemokine receptor-6-binding activities with human beta-defensins". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (40): 37647 ... V beta 11(+) NKT cell subsets with distinct cytokine-producing capacity". Blood. 100 (1): 11-6. doi:10.1182/blood-2001-12-0196 ...

These studies have been expanded to include additional beta defensins, theta defensins, and the human cathelicidin LL-37 and ... HD5 and Beta-defensin 2 composed entirely of D-amino acids suggested differing mechanisms of defensin activity against Gram- ... Subsequently, mutated forms of some of those six defensins were studied by VCC. A conserved glycine in a beta bulge in HNP2 was ... This effect is often observed with beta lactams when assayed against beta lactamase producing bacteria. The inoculum effect was ...

The folded structure is characterised by a well-defined 3-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheet and a short alpha-helix. The ... This superfamily includes arthropod defensins and fungal defensins (but not defensins found in mammals). It also includes ... Plant defensins (formerly gamma-thionins) are a family of small, cysteine-rich defensins found in plants that serve to defend ... Most characterized plant defensins are antimicrobial peptides. Both antifungal and antibacterial plant defensins have been ...

1999). "Beta-defensins: linking innate and adaptive immunity through dendritic and T cell CCR6". Science. 286 (5439): 525-528. ... 1997). "Cloning and characterization of exodus, a novel beta-chemokine". Blood. 89 (9): 3315-22. PMID 9129037. Baba M, Imai T, ... immature dendritic cells generated from monocytes in the presence of TGF-beta 1 express functional C-C chemokine receptor 6". J ...

... avian defensins) and mammals (e.g. cathelicidins, alpha- and beta-defensins, regIII peptides) Research has increased in recent ... In fact human beta-defensin 2 have now been shown to kill the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans through interactions with ... Sawaki K, Mizukawa N, Yamaai T, Yoshimoto T, Nakano M, Sugahara T (2002). "High concentration of beta-defensin-2 in oral ... Dhople V, Krukemeyer A, Ramamoorthy A (September 2006). "The human beta-defensin-3, an antibacterial peptide with multiple ...

Other innate immune mediators include beta-defensin 2, and lipocalin-2; pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukins IL6, and IL8; ...

Lu Z, Kim KA, Suico MA, Shuto T, Li JD, Kai H (March 2004). "MEF up-regulates human beta-defensin 2 expression in epithelial ...

Alpha defensins, Beta defensins and Theta defensins. All beta-defensin genes are densely clustered in four to five syntenic ... Beta-defensin 105 is a protein that is encoded by the DEFB105A gene in humans. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and ... beta 105A". Patil AA, Cai Y, Sang Y, et al. (2006). "Cross-species analysis of the mammalian beta-defensin gene family: ... Semple CA, Rolfe M, Dorin JR (May 2003). "Duplication and selection in the evolution of primate beta-defensin genes". Genome ...

"Epithelial cell-derived antibacterial peptides human beta-defensins and cathelicidin: multifunctional activities on mast cells ... The AMP family also includes the defensins. Whilst the defensins share common structural features, cathelicidin-related ... Additionally cathelicidins may also be small-sized molecules (12-18 residues) with beta-hairpin structures, stabilized by one ... 3 and cathelicidin Beta-1 Tasmanian Devil: Saha-CATH5 Salmonids: CATH1 and CATH2 Patients with rosacea have elevated levels of ...

She led an EPSRC platform grant to study the structure-activity relationships of Beta defensins. She works with Cait MacPhee, ...

Some of the isoforms contain regions of similarity to beta-defensins, a family of antimicrobial peptides. The gene is located ... "Organization of the human gene encoding the epididymis-specific EP2 protein variants and its relationship to defensin genes". ... on chromosome 8p23 near the defensin gene cluster. Alternative splicing of this gene results in seven transcript variants ...

19(2): p. 130-6. Nix, M.A., et al., Molecular and functional analysis of human beta-defensin 3 action at melanocortin receptors ... the ligand β-defensin 3 acts as a neutral melanocortin receptor antagonist. The 5 melanocortin receptors are seven- ...