The bacterial flagellum shares a common ancestor with the type III secretion system, while archaeal flagella appear to have ... ISBN 978-0-19-511183-5. Gophna U, Ron EZ, Graur D (July 2003). "Bacterial type III secretion systems are ancient and evolved by ... This response may be a primitive form of sexual interaction similar to the more well-studied bacterial transformation systems ... In the genus Sulfolobus, the cycle has characteristics that are similar to both bacterial and eukaryotic systems. The ...

"Novel Organelles with Elements of Bacterial and Eukaryotic Secretion Systems Weaponize Parasites of Drosophila". Current ... The Leptopilina VLPs or mixed-strategy extracellular vesicles (MSEVs) contain some secretion systems. Their evolutionary ... VLPs allow the larvae to escape the immune system: the larva is not recognised as harmful by its host, or the immune cells ... In the host, several mechanisms of the insect immune system can be triggered when the wasp lays its eggs and when the parasitic ...

Novel Organelles with Elements of Bacterial and Eukaryotic Secretion Systems Weaponize Parasites of Drosophila. Current Biology ... Her research at NASA has involved studying immune system changes during spaceflight and the effects of radiation and altered ... gravity on living systems. Sharmila was also the lecturer of neurobiology in University of California, Santa Cruz in 1998. She ...

"Engineering the type III secretion system in non-replicating bacterial minicells for antigen delivery". Nature Communications. ... Bacterial minicells are being developed as a drug delivery system. Minicells could be used to deliver genetic material to ... The first minicells reported were from a strain of Escherichia coli that had a mutation in the Min System that lead to mis- ... Briegel, A.; Li, X.; Bilwes, A. M.; Hughes, K. T.; Jensen, G. J.; Crane, B. R. (2012-03-06). "Bacterial chemoreceptor arrays ...

Silhavy is a bacterial geneticist who has made fundamental contributions to several different research fields. He is best known ... for his work on protein secretion, membrane biogenesis, and signal transduction. Using Escherichia coli as a model system, his ... Current work in his lab is focused on the mechanisms of outer membrane biogenesis and the regulatory systems that sense and ... and to identify and characterize a two-component regulatory system. ...

"The Vibrio cholerae type VI secretion system can modulate host intestinal mechanics to displace gut bacterial symbionts". ... Biophysical consequences of sublethal antibiotics on gut bacterial persistence on YouTube (video, 11:36 minutes) Raghuveer ...

Guglielmini, J, Rocha E (February 2013). "Evolution of Conjugation and Type IV Secretion Systems". Molecular Biology and ... During bacterial replication, in the presence of a dimer the XerCD mechanism is introduced to divide the dimer into two ... FtsZ - Protein encoded by the ftsZ gene FtsA - Bacterial protein that is related to actin Begg KJ, Dewar SJ, Donachie WD ( ... It is involved in bacterial cell division and chromosome segregation. FtsK stands for "Filament temperature sensitive mutant K ...

"Identification of a conserved bacterial protein secretion system in Vibrio cholerae using the Dictyostelium host model system ... published the first account of the identification of a novel secretion system that they named the type VI secretion system, a ... teams that reported the discovery of the type VI secretion system as well as his work on the pathogenicity of the bacterial ... and its secretion systems. Since 1998, he has been a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He started his research ...

These systems may be described as type I secretion, type II secretion, etc. In most gram-positive bacteria, certain proteins ... Systems for secreting proteins across the bacterial outer membrane may be quite complex and play key roles in pathogenesis. ... The PGF-CTERM/archaeosortase A system in archaea is related to S-layer production. The GlyGly-CTERM/rhombosortase system, found ... Several analogous systems are found that likewise feature a signature motif on the extra-cytoplasmic face, a C-terminal ...

Many components of bacterial flagella share sequence similarity to components of the type III secretion systems, but the ... which are assembled through the action of type II secretion systems (the nomenclature of pili and protein secretion systems is ... Gophna U, Ron EZ, Graur D (July 2003). "Bacterial type III secretion systems are ancient and evolved by multiple horizontal- ... At least 10 protein components of the bacterial flagellum share homologous proteins with the type three secretion system (T3SS ...

"Bacterial type III secretion systems: a complex device for the delivery of bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic host ... Protein secretion systems in fungi involve the Spitzenkörper. RNA effectors Certain plant pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, ... Many antibodies then act as effector molecules for the immune system of the organism, typically as enzyme activators. Bacterial ... Effector neurons can be used to refer to population of neurons in the nervous system, which are responsible for a certain brain ...

The Non-Flagellar Type III Secretion System Evolved from the Bacterial Flagellum and Diversified into Host-Cell Adapted Systems ... the type three secretory system supports the hypothesis that the flagellum evolved from a simpler bacterial secretion system. ... which allows bacterial cells to crawl along a surface, They are assembled through the Type II secretion system. They can also ... This is presumed to be the common ancestor of the type-III secretory system and the flagellar system. Then, an ion pump was ...

... a non-processed C-terminal secretion signal recognized by a bacterial type I secretion system (T1SS), respectively. Once in ... Adenylate cyclase toxin (CyaA) is released from bacterium Bordetella pertussis by the T1SS (Type 1 secretion system) and ... inhibiting proinflammatory IL-12 and TNF-α secretion and enhancing IL-10 production and Treg expansion, preventing the ...

... toxic effectors of type V secretion systems, some toxic effectors of type VI secretion systems and MafB toxins. Colicins ... Zhang, Dapeng; Iyer, Lakshminarayan M; Aravind, L (2011). "A novel immunity system for bacterial nucleic acid degrading toxins ... including effectors of type V and VI secretion systems) or the release of soluble toxins (including colicins) in the ... Indeed, in PT systems, a gene encoding a protective immunity protein is always located immediately downstream of the toxin gene ...

Then the bacteria only release target therapeutic molecules to the tumor through either lysis or the bacterial secretion system ... Multiple types of secretion systems can be used and other strategies as well. The system is inducible by external signals. ... One such system is the Lux operon of Aliivibrio fischeri, which codes for the enzyme that is the source of bacterial ... Some notable examples of refactoring including the nitrogen fixation cluster and type III secretion system along with ...

The bacterial effector avrRpt2 is delivered into A. thaliana via the Type III secretion system of P. syringae pv. tomato strain ... Many model systems have been developed to better understand interactions between plants and bacterial, fungal, oomycete, viral ... They contain two receptors, FLS2 (bacterial flagellin receptor) and EF-Tu (bacterial EF-Tu protein), which use signal ... Zipfel C, Kunze G, Chinchilla D, Caniard A, Jones JD, Boller T, Felix G (May 2006). "Perception of the bacterial PAMP EF-Tu by ...

This bacteria utilizes a type III secretion system to inject a cocktail of viral effector proteins into host cells. One of the ... tomato promote bacterial speck disease in tomato by targeting the jasmonate signaling pathway". The Plant Journal. 36 (4): 485- ... Pseudomonas syringae causes bacterial speck disease in tomatoes by hijacking the plant's jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway. ... By activating the JA wound response pathway, P. syringae could divert resources from its host's immune system and infect more ...

... which help Yersinia evade the immune system. More specifically, it interacts with the bacterial protein YopN via hydrophobic ... Also involved in Yop secretion are YopN and LcrG. TyeA is also required for translocation of YopE and YopH. TyeA interacts with ... Like YopN, TyeA is localized at the bacterial surface. The structure of TyeA is composed of two pairs of parallel alpha-helices ... This helps it to evade the host's immune system. Yersinia spp. do this by injecting the effector Yersinia outer proteins (Yops ...

These include: FR Cianfanelli, L Monlezun, SJ Coulthurst (2016) Aim, load, fire: the type VI secretion system, a bacterial ... Her research group has shown that some bacteria can also use this system against fungal competitors. This secretion system ... In 2018 Coulthurst was awarded the Fleming Prize by the Microbiology Society for her work with the type VI secretion system of ... Her research focuses on type VI secretion systems for injection of proteins into other bacteria, frequently toxic proteins in ...

... a novel bacterial outermembrane-bound nanovesicular exocytosis model for type-III secretion system". Toxicology International. ... This phenomenon has a major role in synaptic neurotransmission, endocrine secretion, mucous secretion, granular-product ... In prokaryotic, gram-negative bacterial cells, membrane vesicle trafficking is mediated through bacterial outer membrane ... due to accumulation of bacterial cell secretions and their pinching off as outer membrane bounded vesicles (OMVs) on the lines ...

... syringae pathogenesis is dependent on effector proteins secreted into the plant cell by the bacterial type III secretion system ... Pseudomonas syringae isolates carry a range of virulence factors called type III secretion system (T3SS) effector proteins. ... Mansfield, John W. (2009). "From bacterial avirulence genes to effector functions via thehrpdelivery system: an overview of 25 ... "Genomewide identification of proteins secreted by the Hrp type III protein secretion system of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ...

They inject a number of effector proteins, including TAL effectors, into the plant via their type III secretion system. TAL ... These proteins can bind promoter sequences in the host plant and activate the expression of plant genes that aid bacterial ... Plant pathogenic Xanthomonas bacteria are especially known for TALEs, produced via their type III secretion system. ... The reduction in copper level facilitates bacterial growth. They are involved in glucose transport, facilitating glucose flow. ...

"H-NS Silencing of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 6-Encoded Type VI Secretion System Limits Salmonella enterica Serovar ... Initially, bacterial DNA binding proteins were thought to help stabilize bacterial DNA. Currently, many more functions of ... "An African swine fever virus gene with similarity to bacterial DNA binding proteins, bacterial integration host factors, and ... In 2016 it was discovered that IHF also plays a key role in CRISPR type I and type II systems. It has a major role in allowing ...

The bacteria then inject a number of effector proteins into the plant with a Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS)[5]. The T3SS ... Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), also known as black chaff, is a common bacterial disease of wheat. The disease is caused by the ... Bacterial leaf streak is a major bacterial disease of wheat. Yield losses are normally less than 10%, but can be up to 40%. The ... "Relationship between Bacterial Leaf Streak and Black Chaff Symptoms in Winter Wheat."(1996) Crop Science: Vol. 36 No. 1, p. 74- ...

... strong evidence points to an evolutionary pathway from a Type III secretory system, a simpler bacterial secretion system. ... and publications show a plausible path in which bacterial flagella could have evolved from a secretion system. The cilium ... The basal body of the flagella has been found to be similar to the Type III secretion system (TTSS), a needle-like structure ... Pallen, M. J.; Gophna, U. (2007). Bacterial Flagella and Type III Secretion: Case Studies in the Evolution of Complexity. pp. ...

... opaque secretion that gains its characteristic odor upon bacterial decomposition. Eccrine glands on their paws increase ... Domestic animals such as dogs and cats have apocrine glands at each hair follicle and even in their urinary system, but eccrine ... Skunks, on the other hand, use the glands to release a secretion that acts as a powerful defense mechanism. The "axillary ... The presence of axillary hair also makes the odor even more pungent, as secretions, debris, keratin, and bacteria accumulate on ...

... of the bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS). T3SS is a mechanism by which many bacteria inject a cocktail of toxins, so- ... Cornelis, Guy R; Wolf-Watz, H (31 October 2003). "The Yersinia Yop virulon: a bacterial system for subverting eukaryotic cells ... After his appointment as Professor in Louvain in 1984, he investigated bacterial pathogenesis and joined in 1991 the Christian ... Cornelis, Guy R (4 November 2006). "The type III secretion injectisome". Nat Rev Microbiol. 4 (11): 811-825. doi:10.1038/ ...

PAAR domain toxins such as Rhs appear to form the sharp tip of the type VI secretion system being attached to the VgrG of the ... When a polymorphic toxin with anti-bacterial activity is produced by a bacterial strain, this strain is protected by a specific ... The C-terminal toxins of Rhs may vary to diversify the antimicrobial activity of the type VI secretion system. Jamet A, Nassif ... Some Rhs toxins such as the previously mentioned system in Dickeya dadantii appear to be dependent on the type VI secretion ...

June 2020). "Modulation of bacterial multicellularity via spatio-specific polysaccharide secretion". PLOS Biology. 18 (6): ... Distributed systems experiments have used them to approximate motorway graphs. The slime mould Physarum polycephalum is able to ... Bacterial colony optimization is an algorithm used in evolutionary computing. The algorithm is based on a lifecycle model that ... Bacterial biofilms can emerge through the collective behavior of thousands or millions of cells Biofilms formed by Bacillus ...

The cag pathogenicity island (PAI) has about 30 genes, part of which code for a complex type IV secretion system. The low GC- ... Bacterial strains with the cagA gene are associated with an ability to cause ulcers. The cagA gene codes for a relatively long ... Following attachment of H. pylori to stomach epithelial cells, the type IV secretion system expressed by the cag PAI "injects" ... The type-IV secretion apparatus also injects the cag PAI-encoded protein CagA into the stomach's epithelial cells, where it ...

They are secreted into plant cells by the Type III secretion system, which is the main delivery system for effector proteins. ... Transcription Activator-Like Effector-Likes (TALE-likes) are a group of bacterial DNA binding proteins named for the first and ... Those TALEs which have been studied have all been shown to be secreted as part of the Type III secretion system into host plant ... Several lines of evidence support the idea that RipTALs function as effector proteins, promoting bacterial growth or disease by ...