Resilin
... is an elastomeric protein found in many insects and other arthropods. It provides soft rubber-elasticity to ... elastin: a vertebrate protein Deming T (2012). Peptide-Based Materials. Springer Publishing. Neurath H (1966). The Proteins ... and tri-tyrosine cross-links between proteins. Resilin is a disordered protein; however its segments may take on secondary ... Like other elastomeric proteins, the degree of cross linking in resilin is low, which ensures the low stiffness and high ...
Insect winter ecology
Duman, John G (March 2001). "Antifreeze and Ice Nucleator Proteins in Terrestrial Arthropods". Annual Review of Physiology. 63 ... Pfister, Thomas D.; Storey, Kenneth B. (May 2006). "Responses of protein phosphatases and cAMP-dependent protein kinase in a ... Freeze-tolerant insects are known to produce ice nucleating proteins. The regulated production of ice nucleating proteins ... These antifreeze proteins are thought to stabilize SCPs by binding directly to the surface structures of the ice crystals ...
Arthropod
2010). "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): ... were arthropods, but later study shows that their affinities of being origin of arthropods are not reliable. Small arthropods ... of the evolution from Anomalocaris to true arthropods and could be at the evolutionary root of true arthropods. Arthropods ... Although arthropods are the most numerous phylum on Earth, and thousands of arthropod species are venomous, they inflict ...
Arthropod defensin
... s are a family defensin proteins found in mollusks, insects, and arachnids. These cysteine-rich antibacterial ... Peripheral membrane proteins, Insect immunity, All stub articles, Membrane protein stubs). ... Arthropod defensin peptides range in length from 38 to 51 amino acids. There are six conserved cysteines all involved in ... Furthermore, it was also shown that the N-terminal helix region in arthropod or insect defensins is also not required for ...
NHL repeat
The arthropod 'Brain Tumor' protein (Brat; Q8MQJ9) is one such growth regulator that contains a 6-bladed NHL-repeat beta- ... The NHL repeat has also been used to design a family of fully symmetrical 6-blade beta-propeller proteins called "Pizza". These ... The NHL repeats are also found in serine/threonine protein kinase (STPK) in diverse range of pathogenic bacteria. These STPK ... Kano S, Miyajima N, Fukuda S, Hatakeyama S (July 2008). "Tripartite motif protein 32 facilitates cell growth and migration via ...
Torkel Weis-Fogh
A Rubberlike Protein in Arthropod Cuticle". Advances in Insect Physiology Volume 2. Advances in Insect Physiology. Vol. 2. p. 1 ... Weis-Fogh then went to the University of Cambridge in England for four years, where he discovered a rubbery protein, resilin, ...
Arthropods in culture
Menassa, R.; Zhu, H.; Karatzas, C. N.; Lazaris, A.; Richman, A.; Brandle, J. (2004). "Spider dragline silk proteins in ... This article describes the roles played by arthropods in human culture. The arthropods are a phylum of animals with jointed ... Arthropods appear in folklore, in mythology, and in religion. Since Insects in mythology and in religion are covered elsewhere ... Arthropods play many roles in human culture, the social behaviour and norms in human societies transmitted through social ...
Hemocyanin
These proteins are involved in the process of sclerotization of arthropod cuticle, in wound healing, and humoral immune defense ... Also, larval storage proteins in many insects appear to be derived from hemocyanins. The arthropod hemocyanin superfamily is ... Beintema JJ, Stam WT, Hazes B, Smidt MP (May 1994). "Evolution of arthropod hemocyanins and insect storage proteins (hexamerins ... Terwilliger NB, Dangott L, Ryan M (March 1999). "Cryptocyanin, a crustacean molting protein: evolutionary link with arthropod ...
Hemolymph
... proteins, and lipids). The primary oxygen transporter molecule is hemocyanin. Arthropod hemolymph contains high levels of free ... Proteins present in the hemolymph vary in quantity during the course of development. These proteins are classified by their ... and those involved in the immune responses of arthropods. Some hemolymphic proteins incorporate carbohydrates and lipids into ... Arthropod hormones are present, most notably the juvenile hormone. Trehalose can be present and sometimes in great amounts ...
Polistes fuscatus
... eats arthropod prey, animal proteins, carbohydrates and protein. They will eat caterpillars, flies, ants, ... They use the scavenged animal protein from both vertebrates and arthropods such as: caterpillars, flies, alate ants, termites, ... and hunt arthropod prey or scavenge animal proteins." Water is used for the following processes: nest cooling, construction, ... Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification Web. 21 Sept. 2014. . West-Eberhard, M.J. (1969). The social biology of polistine ...
Lobopodia
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... crown-group arthropods). Their positions within arthropod stem-group are indicated by numerous arthropod groundplans and ... via dinocaridids to arthropods, would lead to an arthropod body plan. Aysheaia's surface ornamentation, if homologous with ... were originally thought to be associated within the arthropod stem-group based on its apparently arthropod-like (arthropodized ...
Anostraca
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Crustaceans portal Arthropods portal Data related to Anostraca at Wikispecies Media related to Anostraca at Wikimedia Commons ( ... ISBN 978-0-471-35837-4. D. R. Khanna (2004). "Segmentation in arthropods". Biology of Arthropoda. Discovery Publishing House. ... Fortey, R.; Thomas, H. (2012). Arthropod Relationships. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 104-105. Minelli, A. ( ...
Xenocarida
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Inferences from expressed sequence tags and comparisons with neural cladistics". Arthropod Structure & Development. 40 (3): 289 ...
Tetrapulmonata
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ...
Remipedia
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Giribet, Gonzalo; Edgecombe, Gregory D. (2012-01-07). "Reevaluating the Arthropod Tree of Life". Annual Review of Entomology. ...
Crustacean
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... 2010-03-01). "Arthropod phylogeny revisited, with a focus on crustacean relationships". Arthropod Structure & Development. 39 ( ... Although most crustaceans are small, their morphology varies greatly and includes both the largest arthropod in the world - the ... They are distinguished from other groups of arthropods, such as insects, myriapods and chelicerates, by the possession of ...
Mandibulata
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Mandibulata, is one of two major clades of living arthropods alongside Chelicerata. It comprises the extant groups Myriapoda ( ... Molecular phylogenetic studies suggest that the living arthropods are related as shown in the cladogram below. Crustaceans do ... "A congruent solution to arthropod phylogeny: phylogenomics, microRNAs and morphology support monophyletic Mandibulata". ...
Sea spider
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-83. ... the anterior part of the arthropod brain and found in the first head segment that in all other arthropods give rise to the eyes ... One theory is that this reflects how a common ancestor of all arthropods evolved; starting its life as a small animal with a ... This is disputed, however, as genetic evidence suggests they may be a sister group to all other living arthropods. Sea spiders ...
Multicrustacea
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ...
Pancrustacea
Jeffrey W. Shultz & Jerome C. Regier (22 May 2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of arthropods using two nuclear protein-encoding ... "Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... used the signal in the 62 protein-coding genes assembled by Regier et al. in 2010 to improve the knowledge of the internal ... Gonzalo Giribet & Carles Ribera (June 2000). "A review of arthropod phylogeny: new data based on ribosomal DNA sequences and ...
Myriochelata
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Arthropod taxonomy, All stub articles, Arthropod ... The Myriochelata or Paradoxopoda, is a proposed grouping of arthropods comprising the Myriapoda (including millipedes and ... and protein-coding genes. More recent molecular studies, however, favour grouping the myriapods with the Pancrustacea, rather ...
Arachnid
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Like all arthropods, arachnids have an exoskeleton, and they also have an internal structure of cartilage-like tissue, called ... Extant (living) arthropods are a monophyletic group and are divided into three main clades: chelicerates (including arachnids ... Arthropods portal Arachnophobia Endangered spiders Glossary of spider terms List of extinct arachnids Cracraft, Joel & Donoghue ...
Oligostraca
"Arthropod relationships revealed by phylogenomic analysis of nuclear protein-coding sequences". Nature. 463 (7284): 1079-1083. ... Zrzavý, J., Hypša, V. & Vlášková, M. (1997). Arthropod phylogeny: taxonomic congruence, total evidence and conditional ...
Supercooling
J.G. Duman (2001). "Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods". Annual Review of Physiology. 63: 327-357 ... The winter flounder is one such fish that utilizes these proteins to survive in its frigid environment. This is not strictly ... There are many techniques that aid in maintaining a liquid state, such as the production of antifreeze proteins, or AFPs, which ... There are many other mechanisms that aid in maintaining a liquid state, such as the production of antifreeze proteins, which ...
Antifreeze protein
Duman JG (2001). "Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods". Annual Review of Physiology. 63: 327-57. ... Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or ice structuring proteins refer to a class of polypeptides produced by certain animals, plants, ... They are alpha helical proteins rich in glutamate and glutamine. This protein is approximately 12KDa in size and consists of a ... They are labeled "ISP" or ice structuring protein on the label, instead of AFP or antifreeze protein. One recent, successful ...
RiAFP
Duman JG (2001). "Antifreeze and ice nucleator proteins in terrestrial arthropods". Annu. Rev. Physiol. 63: 327-57. doi:10.1146 ... It is a type V antifreeze protein with a molecular weight of 12.8 kDa; this type of AFP is noted for its hyperactivity. R. ... The TxTxTxT domains are irregularly spaced within the protein and have been shown to be conserved from the TxT binding motif of ... These data suggest that RiAFP is a well-folded β-helical protein, having six β-strand regions consisting of 13-amino acids ( ...
Collared inca
Arthropod eye
... "dachshund encodes a nuclear protein required for normal eye and leg development in Drosophila". Development. 120 (12): 3473- ... but before the radiation of arthropods. This view is supported if a stem-arthropod position is supported for compound-eye ... What is the ancestral visual organ in arthropods?". Arthropod Structure & Development. 35 (4): 231-245. doi:10.1016/j.asd. ... And while many arthropods today have three, four, or even six, the lack of a common pathway suggests that a pair is the most ...
Protopolybia exigua
The wasps acquire protein from hunting several groups of arthropods. Foraging wasps crush their caught prey and carry the ... Foraging for animal proteins is the most complex task for worker wasps. In order to successfully hunt prey, wasps require prey ... P. exigua are small wasps that find nourishment from nectar and prey on arthropods. Their nests are disc-shaped and hang from ... Wasps were reported to share this food with other adults and offer the protein in a macerated form to larvae. The water ...
Agelaia vicina
Protein is acquired through the general predation of land arthropods. A. vicina are known to prey most heavily on insects of ... They are predators of land arthropods, consuming both insects and spiders alike. Recent sperm morphology studies have shown ... Colonies forage for water, plant tissue, protein and carbohydrates. ...
Bunyavirales
Member viruses infect arthropods, plants, protozoans, and vertebrates. It is the only order in the class Ellioviricetes. The ... The S segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein (N). Most bunyaviruses have a negative-sense L and M segment. The S segment of ... The ambisense S segment codes for the viral nucleoprotein (N) in the negative sense and a nonstructural protein (NSs) in the ... In addition, there is a group of bunyaviruses whose replication is restricted to arthropods and is known as insect-specific ...
Defensin
... arthropods and lancelets. Arthropod defensins are the best-characterised defensins from invertebrates (especially those from ... Cationic Antimicrobial Proteins,' 'Neutrophil peptides,' 'Gamma thionins' amongst others. Proteins called 'defensins' are not ... Fobis-Loisy I, Ivanov R, Gaude T (2012). "The S-LOCUS CYSTEINE-RICH PROTEIN (SCR): A Small Peptide with A High Impact on the ... There appear to have been multiple evolutionary recruitments of defensins to be toxin proteins used in the venoms of animals; ...