The establishment of independent junior research groups (as of 2021: VirusInteract (interactions of plant viruses with their ... 690 archaeal strains, 7,000 strains of yeasts and fungi) as well as more than 840 human and animal cell cultures, over 1. 500 ... Human and Animal Cell Lines and Plant Viruses as well as the departments Services and Bioinformatics and Databases. ... plant viruses, over 940 bacteriophages, and 250 plasmids (status 2021). Since 2010, the scientific director of the Leibniz ...

In 2011, a team detected more than 33,000 bacterial and archaeal species on sugar beet roots. The composition of the rhizobiome ... A 2007 study showed that a complex symbiosis with fungi and viruses makes it possible for a grass called Dichanthelium ... Bacteria and Archaea, the smallest organisms in soil apart from viruses, are prokaryotic. They are the most abundant ...

... from a prokaryote-infecting virus or bacteriophage into cells, resulting in an infection. For work with bacterial and archaeal ... Viruses used to date include retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus, and herpes simplex virus.[citation ... DNA can also be introduced into cells using viruses as a carrier. In such cases, the technique is called transduction, and the ... Cell lines expressing the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) or the SV40 large-T antigen allow episomal ...

... as well as other archaeal genomes. Borgs do not possess discernible proteins that are associated with plasmids or viruses, rRNA ... "Current capsid assembly models of icosahedral nucleocytoviricota viruses". Advances in Virus Research. Virus Assembly and Exit ... Borgs are considered to be a new form of "giant linear plasmids" or giant viruses rather than unknown DNA elements. They co- ... Schoelmerich MC, Sachdeva R, West-Roberts J, Waldburger L, Banfield JF (January 2023). "Tandem repeats in giant archaeal Borg ...

For example, one study of orphan genes across 119 archaeal and bacterial genomes could identify that at least 56% were recently ... acquired from integrative elements (or mobile genetic elements) from non-cellular sources such as viruses and plasmids that ... "A hidden reservoir of integrative elements is the major source of recently acquired foreign genes and ORFans in archaeal and ...

Johnson JE, Chiu W (April 2000). "Structures of virus and virus-like particles". Current Opinion in Structural Biology. 10 (2 ... Pereira SL, Grayling RA, Lurz R, Reeve JN (November 1997). "Archaeal nucleosomes". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... In prokaryotes (see nucleoids) and viruses, the DNA is often densely packed and organized; in the case of archaea, by homology ... Sandman K, Reeve JN (March 2000). "Structure and functional relationships of archaeal and eukaryal histones and nucleosomes". ...

... for classification of filamentous archaeal viruses with linear dsDNA genomes" (docx). International Committee on Taxonomy of ... Viruses in this realm infect archaea. All viruses in Duplodnaviria are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm belong to two ... All viruses in Varidnaviria are dsDNA viruses. Viruses in this realm include adenoviruses, giant viruses, and poxviruses. The ... Most eukaryotic viruses, including most animal and plant viruses, are RNA viruses, although eukaryotic DNA viruses are also ...

Most other viruses that synthesize RNA use unrelated mechanics. Many viruses use a single-subunit DNA-dependent RNAP (ssRNAP) ... Archaeal RNAP subunit previously used an "RpoX" nomenclature where each subunit is assigned a letter in a way unrelated to any ... This occurs in negative strand RNA viruses and dsRNA viruses, both of which exist for a portion of their life cycle as double- ... "Multisubunit DNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases from Vaccinia Virus and Other Nucleocytoplasmic Large-DNA Viruses: Impressions from ...

Pacheco S, Béhar G, Maillasson M, Mouratou B, Pecorari F (October 2014). "Affinity transfer to the archaeal extremophilic Sac7d ... viruses, and bacteria. Affitins are antibody mimetics and are being developed as an alternative to antibodies as tools in ... a microorganism belonging to the archaeal domain. By randomizing the amino acids on the binding surface of Sac7d and subjecting ... "Switching an anti-IgG binding site between archaeal extremophilic proteins results in Affitins with enhanced pH stability". ...

"Structure of the Acidianus Filamentous Virus 3 and Comparative Genomics of Related Archaeal Lipothrixviruses". Journal of ... virus 3 Acidianus filamentous virus 6 Acidianus filamentous virus 7 Acidianus filamentous virus 8 Acidianus filamentous virus 9 ... "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2021. ... "Structure of the Acidianus Filamentous Virus 3 and Comparative Genomics of Related Archaeal Lipothrixviruses". Journal of ...

PCNA is also appropriated by some viruses. The giant virus genus Chlorovirus, with PBCV-1 as a representative, carries in its ... Matsumiya S, Ishino Y, Morikawa K (January 2001). "Crystal structure of an archaeal DNA sliding clamp: proliferating cell ... The DNA clamp fold is found in bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and some viruses. In bacteria, the sliding clamp is a homodimer ... Pan M, Kelman LM, Kelman Z (January 2011). "The archaeal PCNA proteins". Biochemical Society Transactions. 39 (1): 20-24. doi: ...

There is limited archaeal diversity, however, as only 12 phylotypes have been detected in the area. All others have been ... Due to the large amount of microbial biomass, vent fields have become a hotspot for viruses. Researchers found that high flow ... Ortmann, Alice C.; Suttle, Curtis A. (2005-08-01). "High abundances of viruses in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent system indicates ...

The YARS from this lower eukaryote has an organization which is similar to that of the archaeal YARSs. The human YARS has a C- ... Abergel, C; Rudinger-Thirion, J; Giegé, R; Claverie, JM (Nov 2007). "Virus-encoded aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: structural and ... The mimiviral YARS exhibits the typical fold and active-site organization of archaeal-type YARSs, with an N-terminal Rossmann- ... The crystal structures of several archaeal tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases are available. The crystal structure of the complex between ...

As phages, viruses, plasmids, prions, viroids, and free DNA are usually not considered as living microorganisms, they do not ... Consequently, it would be better to use the original terms (bacterial, archaeal, or fungal community). In contrast to the ... The well-established term virome is derived from virus and genome and is used to describe viral shotgun metagenomes consisting ... The integration of phages, viruses, plasmids, and mobile genetic elements is a more controversial issue in the definition of ...

Across all three brine pools, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) are the most dominant viruses. Of the dsDNA viruses investigated, ... In terms of archaeal communities, both deeps showed similar composition having the upper layer (20-50 m) enriched in ... Bacterial and archaeal composition and abundance differ between specific layers of the brine pool including overlying brine ... "Diverse Viruses in Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Fluids Have Restricted Dispersal across Ocean Basins". mSystems. 6 (3): e00068-21 ...

Viruses, especially bacterial viruses (bacteriophages), colonize various body sites. These colonized sites include the skin, ... As of 2007, no clear examples of archaeal pathogens were known, although a relationship has been proposed between the presence ... Virus communities have been associated with some diseases, and do not simply reflect the bacterial communities. A study of 20 ... Abeles SR, Robles-Sikisaka R, Ly M, Lum AG, Salzman J, Boehm TK, Pride DT (September 2014). "Human oral viruses are personal, ...

Some DNA viruses encode a recombinase that facilitates homologous recombination. A well-studied example is the UvsX recombinase ... Seitz EM, Brockman JP, Sandler SJ, Clark AJ, Kowalczykowski SC (1998). "RadA protein is an archaeal RecA protein homolog that ... Eukaryotic Rad51 and its related family members are homologous to the archaeal RadA and bacterial RecA recombinases. Rad51 is ... Such recombinases have been described in archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes and viruses. The archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus RadA ...

Polyadenylate tails are observed in several RNA viruses, including Influenza A, Coronavirus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, and Duck ... This enzyme is found in bacteria, mitochondria, plastids and as a constituent of the archaeal exosome (in those archaea that ... This enzyme is part of both the bacterial degradosome and the archaeal exosome, two closely related complexes that recycle RNA ... It is presumed that the horizontal transfer of bacterial CCA-adding enzyme to eukaryotes allowed the archaeal-like CCA-adding ...

In 2022, Pallen published over 65,000 names for previously unnamed bacterial and archaeal taxa in the Genome Taxonomy Database ... starting with the creation of over 400 species epithets for the bacterial positive-sense single-stranded viruses in the family ...

They are found in reoviruses, which are non-enveloped viruses and are specialized for cell-cell rather than virus-cell fusion, ... They are only found in eukaryotes and their closest archaeal relatives like Heimdallarchaeota. These proteins originate from ... Enveloped viruses readily overcome the thermodynamic barrier of merging two plasma membranes by storing kinetic energy in ... They are the only known membrane fusion proteins found in non-enveloped viruses. Interbilayer forces in membrane fusion Viral ...

Virus. Encyclopedia of Earth. Editors: Cutler Cleveland and Sidney Draggan Gribaldo S, Brochier-Armanet C (2006). "The origin ... in archaeal terms, and organisms that live in cooler environments appeared only later. Since the Archaea and Bacteria are no ... In any case, it is thought that viruses and archaea began relationships approximately two billion years ago, and that co- ... list of accepted bacterial and archaeal names Cyanobacteria, a phylum of common bacteria but poorly classified at present Human ...

ISBN 978-0-393-08881-6. Forterre P (2006). "Three RNA cells for ribosomal lineages and three DNA viruses to replicate their ... Actinonin Bacterial cell structure Combrex Evolution of cells Evolution of sexual reproduction List of sequenced archaeal ... Transduction of bacterial genes by bacteriophage appears to reflect an occasional error during intracellular assembly of virus ... There might have been some additional support by viruses, called viral eukaryogenesis. The non-bacterial group comprising ...

"Genome Information Broker for Viruses (GIB-V): Database for comparative analysis of virus genomes". Nucleic Acids Research. 35 ... Glimmer supports genome annotation efforts on a wide range of bacterial, archaeal, and viral species. In a large-scale ... It is also being used by this group to annotate viruses. Glimmer is part of the bacterial annotation pipeline at the National ... "It is effective at finding genes in bacteria, archea, viruses, typically finding 98-99% of all relatively long protein coding ...

A new virus theory Recently, his group used genomic information to propose that viruses are derived from ancient cells and were ... Kim KM, Caetano-Anollés G (2012). "The evolutionary history of protein fold families and proteomes confirms that the archaeal ... "Study of giant viruses shakes up tree of life". nsf.gov. September 13, 2012. Retrieved 11 July 2012. Saito MA (2012). "The rise ... Nasir A, Kim KM, Caetano-Anollés G (2012). "Giant viruses coexisted with the cellular ancestors and represent a distinct ...

Bacterial translation Archaeal translation Malys N (2012). "Shine-Dalgarno sequence of bacteriophage T4: GAGG prevails in early ... coli virus T4 early genes. The Shine-Dalgarno sequence was proposed by Australian scientists John Shine and Lynn Dalgarno in ... The Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence is a ribosomal binding site in bacterial and archaeal messenger RNA, generally located around ... a class of viruses that infect bacteria, the sequence coding for the first few amino acids often contains termination triplets ...

showed in 2019 that there must be a whole series of previously unknown viruses known as LCVs or Loki's Castle Viruses. These ... One of these, an archaeal phylum named Lokiarchaeota, was discovered and named after Loki's Castle. The Lokiarchaeota is ... Of 23 high-quality NCLDV genomic bins: 15 are related to pithoviruses, 5 are related to Marseille viruses, 1 are related to ... "Virus Genomes from Deep Sea Sediments Expand the Ocean Megavirome and Support Independent Origins of Viral Gigantism". mBio. 10 ...

One archaeal SECIS element, in Methanococcus, is located in the 5' UTR. The SECIS element appears defined by sequence ... The SECIS element is found in a wide variety of organisms from all three domains of life (including their viruses). Walczak R, ... Although the eukaryotic, archaeal and bacterial SECIS elements each share a general hairpin structure, they are not alignable, ... e.g. an alignment-based scheme to recognize eukaryotic SECIS elements will not be able to recognize archaeal SECIS elements. ...

... adenovirus simian virus 40, vaccinia virus, reovirus, poliovirus and herpes simplex virus as well as numerous bacteriophages. ... "Archaeal genetics - Latest research and news , Nature". www.nature.com. "Archaeal Genetics , Boundless Microbiology". courses. ... Many types of virus are capable of genetic recombination. When two or more individual viruses of the same type infect a cell, ... Parasites feed on the nutrients of another organism which allows the virus to thrive. Once the human body detects a virus, it ...

Eukaryotic and archaeal 7S RNAs have very similar secondary structures. In most bacteria, the SRP consists of an RNA molecule ( ... SRP RNA was first detected in avian and murine oncogenic RNA (ocorna) virus particles. Subsequently, SRP RNA was found to be a ... Most bacterial SRPs are composed of SRP RNA and SRP54 (also named Ffh for "Fifty-four homolog"). The Archaeal SRP contains ... The eukaryotic SRP consists of a 300-nucleotide 7S RNA and six proteins: SRPs 72, 68, 54, 19, 14, and 9. Archaeal SRP consists ...

Its action on viruses, on the other hand, results in damaged nucleic acids and viral inactivation. They have a sensory ... Confalonieri, F; Sommer, S (2011). "Bacterial and archaeal resistance to ionizing radiation". Journal of Physics: Conference ... Lowy, R.J (2005). "Ionizing Radiation Inactivation of Medically Relevant Viruses" (Web). In Gazsó, L.G; Ponta, C.C (eds.). ...