Reader-response criticism
"Amygdala and heart rate variability responses from listening to emotionally intense parts of a story" (PDF). NeuroImage. 58 (3 ... story were also accompanied by increased brain activity in a network of regions known to be involved in the processing of fear ... including the amygdala. Because it rests on psychological principles, a reader-response approach readily generalizes to other ...
Evolution of emotion
Fear can be evoked by two systems in the brain, both involving the thalamus and the amygdala: one old, short and fast, the ... Thus, rhesus monkeys or human infants can learn to fear potential dangers based on only the facial expressions of fear of other ... These frontal areas communicate directly with the amygdala and, in light of appraisal, may reduce or magnify the amygdala's ... the old thalamus-amygdala system will have evoked fear. LeDoux hypothesizes that the old fast system persists because a ...
Psychedelic treatments for trauma-related disorders
Lastly, MDMA helps reduce the activation of the amygdala (associated with an increase in fear) and increases the activation of ... MDMA is also known to decrease fear around memories and increase fear extinction of traumatic memories. ... The main rationale behind using Psilocybin combined with psychotherapy is that Psilocybin is shown to increase fear extinction ... Also, like MDMA, Psilocybin has been shown to decrease amygdala activation during emotional processing. Most treatments using ...
James McGaugh
Posttraining intra-basolateral amygdala infusions of norepinephrine enhance consolidation of memory for contextual fear ... Basolateral amygdala noradrenergic activity mediates corticosterone-induced enhancement of auditory fear conditioning. ... Prado-Alcala, R.A., Diaz del Guante, M.A., Garin-Aguilar, M.E., Diaz-Trujillo, A., Quirarte, G., and McGaugh, J.L. Amygdala or ... The amygdala, when activated, influences a variety of other brain structures, including the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and ...
Courtney A. Miller
They discovered this microRNA by sequencing RNA from the Basolateral Amygdala, a brain region known to be implicated in fear ... Fear conditioning is done in this experiment to model the biological processes that might occur after traumas that precede the ... Miller's results shows that the most robustly down-regulated microRNA after fear conditioning was mir-589-3p. Miller and her ... Blouin AM*, Sillivan SE*, Joseph NF and Miller CA (2016) The potential of epigenetics in stress-enhanced fear learning models ...
Mesolimbic pathway
Neurons from the VTA innervate the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens), olfactory bulb, amygdala, hippocampus, orbital and ... Pezze, Marie A.; Feldon, Joram (1 December 2004). "Mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways in fear conditioning". Progress in ... The mesolimbic pathway regulates incentive salience, motivation, reinforcement learning, and fear, among other cognitive ... amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex. When they are activated by these inputs, the medium spiny neurons' projections release ...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
... while the observed alterations in amygdala activations leads to exaggerated fears and representations of negative stimuli. Due ... Some common obsessions include fear of contamination, obsession with symmetry, the fear of acting blasphemously, the sufferer's ... hyperresponsiveness in the amygdala to fearful stimuli, and hyporesponsiveness in the amygdala when exposed to positively ... For example, obsessive fears about sexual orientation can appear to the affected individual, and even to those around them, as ...
Biology of obsessive-compulsive disorder
This is reflected by reduced amygdala and ventral striatum response to positive stimuli, and elevated amygdala response to ... This is congruent with the localization of fear/avoidance behaviors to the lOFC and emotional regulation to the mOFC. ... Abnormal affect in OCD has been hypothesized to result from dysfunction in the OFC, ventral striatum, and amygdala. OCD is ... Hyperactivity of the dorsal ACC during monitoring task, along with hyperactivity of the lOFC and amygdala may all contribute to ...
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1
In the central nervous system, CRF1 activation mediates fear learning and consolidation in the extended amygdala, stress- ... In the central nervous system, CRF1 is particularly found in the cortex, cerebellum, amygdala, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, ... "Ethanol augments GABAergic transmission in the central amygdala via CRF1 receptors". Science. 303 (5663): 1512-4. Bibcode: ...
KCNN2
SK2 overexpression also reduced dendritic arborization of the amygdala neurons. In a 2015 study, it was found that UBE3A, the ... which impairs long-term potentiation of hippocampal neurons and thus fear conditioning. SK channel Voltage-gated potassium ... In a 2009 study, SK2 (KCNN2) potassium channel was overexpressed in the basolateral amygdala using a herpes simplex viral ... "SK2 potassium channel over-expression in basolateral amygdala reduces anxiety, stress-induced corticosterone and dendritic ...
Fear-potentiated startle
The central brain structure through which fear-associated responses are mediated has been determined to be the amygdala, which ... Fear-potentiated startle (FPS) is a reflexive physiological reaction to a presented stimulus, and is an indicator of the fear ... These fear-induced reactions result from communication between the amygdala and a variety of other brain regions (such as the ... be attributed to fear (or lack thereof, in the case that extinction of fear is variable of interest), allowing illusory ...
Epigenetics of anxiety and stress-related disorders
... and functional abnormalities in cortico-amygdala circuitry that mediates fear extinction. Trichostatin-a was normalized BDNF ... It can also play a role in long-term potentiation (LTP). It was also observed that HDACs increase memory formation in fear ... The HDACi drug, d-cycloserine, was found to reduce fear in 129S1/SvImJ mice, which are mice that show poor extinction ... The observation of epigenetic modifications and their role in regulating fear learning is an active area of research. The use ...
Voodoo death
... and the amygdala processes the emotion of fear which follows is called the "vision-to-fear pathway", or the "auditory-to-fear ... such as fear. The anomaly is recognized as "psychosomatic" in that death is caused by an emotional response-often fear-to some ... Hofer interpreted the fear-inducing slowing of heart rate as a vagal phenomenon. These data suggest that vagus contributes to ... Cannon associates the two emotions of rage and fear because of the similar effects the emotions will have upon the mind and ...
Biological half-life
... decreased amygdala activation towards fear-inducing stimuli, improved recognition of social cues and increased gaze directed ...
Biological basis of personality
On a broad level, this involves the autonomic nervous system, fear-processing circuits in the amygdala, the reward pathway from ... For example, the amygdala and hippocampus of the limbic system mediate emotional intensity and consolidate memory of these ... For example, one study found that in an emotion regulation task, coupling of neural responses in the amygdala and the ... A separate study also reported a significant association between neuroticism scores and gray matter volume of the left amygdala ...
Fusiform body area
... by Gert Seeger and colleagues found that as well as amygdala activation (the brain's fear network), there was activation in the ... Seeger, G; Braus, DF; Ruf, M; Goldberger, U; Schmidt, MH (2002). "Body Image Distortion Reveals Amygdala Activation in Patients ... In the article Body Image Distortion Reveals Amygdala Activation in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa - a Functional Magnetic ...
Personality disorder
Nunes PM, Wenzel A, Borges KT, Porto CR, Caminha RM, de Oliveira IR (August 2009). "Volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala in ... Researchers are currently looking into genetic mechanisms for traits such as aggression, fear and anxiety, which are associated ... Kaya S, Yildirim H, Atmaca M (May 2020). "Reduced hippocampus and amygdala volumes in antisocial personality disorder". Journal ... Borderline personality disorder: pervasive pattern of abrupt emotional outbursts, fear of abandonment, unhealthy attachment, ...
Williams syndrome
... but see fear for details on the relationship between the amygdala and fear response). Also, some evidence indicates that people ... but demonstrate hyperreactivity in the amygdala when presented with nonsocial fear stimuli (such as frightening animals). This ... Some studies suggest that the amygdala of a person with Williams syndrome has greater volume than the average person's (though ... Those with WS have reduced activation in these areas, but an increase in the right amygdala and cerebellum.[citation needed] ...
Kay Tye
... her work seeks to determine whether there are different neuronal networks in the amygdala that communicate with either the fear ... Her research has focused on answering questions on how the same neural mechanism in the amygdala of the brain can regulate such ... called the amygdala, in rats learning to associate a stimulus with a reward. Her thesis work was published in Nature and won ... "Rapid strengthening of thalamo-amygdala synapses mediates cue-reward learning". Nature. 453 (7199): 1253-1257. Bibcode: ...
Bane (DC Comics)
Bruce then finds Bane to be behind the new fear toxin and combats him. Bruce manages to burn the fear toxin out of his and the ... Amygdala, the Scarecrow, the Firefly, and the Mad Hatter, among others, before making the Riddler open a door to Batman for him ... Gotham City fascinates Bane because, like Peña Duro, fear rules Gotham-but it is the fear of Batman. Bane is convinced that ... Bane is tortured by a monstrous, terrifying bat creature that appears in his dreams, thus giving him an intense fear of bats. ...
Arachidonoyl serotonin
Sleep debt
The amygdala plays a strong functional role in the expression of negative emotions such as fear, and, through its anatomical ... Thus, a full and uninterrupted 7-hour sleep is crucial for the proper functioning of the amygdala in modulating an individual's ... showed that there was greater left amygdala activation to fearful faces but not happy faces, and an overall subjective mood ... has been shown to reduce this functional relationship between the amygdala and mPFC, inducing negative mood changes through ...
Social behavior
... which manifests itself as a fear of people in general. Due to this pervasive fear of embarrassing oneself in front of others, ... Amaral, David G. (December 2003). "The amygdala, social behavior, and danger detection". Annals of the New York Academy of ... This region of the brain was shown to be sensitive to the fear that comes with a novel social situation, inhibiting social ... Social anxiety disorder is a phobic disorder characterized by a fear of being judged by others, ...
Locus coeruleus
... and ends in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala is a major factor in the pathophysiology of most stress-induced fear- ... On Fear The Walking Dead, Season 3 Episode 14 Nick clark alongside Troy otto purchases locus coeruleus as a drug and is later ... LC firing may also increase anxiety ...Stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors in the amygdala results in enhanced memory for ... The cingulate gyrus and the amygdala also innervate the LC, allowing emotional pain and stressors to trigger noradrenergic ...
N-Acylethanolamine
As well as FAAH levels in amygdala and PFC are elevated in borderline personality disorder, which relates to the hostility and ... fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, and unstable self-image, showing significantly and cronically reduced content of ... FAAH is activated during stress exposure circumstances, which also raises the neuronal excitability in the amygdala, a critical ... in the amygdala-prefrontal cortex (PFC), that subserves emotion regulation and used to measures of hostility and aggression, ...
Behind the sofa
... explains the appeal of hiding behind the sofa as the activation of the fear response in the amygdala in conjunction with ... It united fear and soft furnishings in the British mind. "Still, the Daleks are the boss space horrors, something to get the ... it has also found more general usage in the UK as a humorous or satirical metaphor for being in a state of fear or terror. For ...
Olfactic communication
Disgust and fear both have identifiable and distinguishable scents. Should an individual be exposed to the scent of fear (in ... this case sweat samples from first time skydivers) various parts of the brain are activated: the amygdala and hypothalamus ... The same patterns can be detected when a person feels joy, sadness, or fear. The attributions we make through the olfactic ... In one study, study groups placed cotton gauze into their armpit and were shown fear or happiness inducing videos. Later the ...
Biological basis of love
... decreased amygdala activation towards fear-inducing stimuli, improved recognition of social cues and increased gaze directed ...
Oxytocin receptor
... decreased amygdala activation towards fear-inducing stimuli, improved recognition of social cues and increased gaze directed ... AA individuals had the lowest amygdala activation while processing emotionally salient information and those with GG had the ... "DNA methylation of OXTR is associated with parasympathetic nervous system activity and amygdala morphology". Social Cognitive ... downregulates oxytocin mechanisms-suggest this process is associated with increased gray matter density in the amygdala, ...
Epigenetics
Joels G, Lamprecht R (2014). "Fear memory formation can affect a different memory: fear conditioning affects the extinction, ... anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala, as shown in the diagram of the human brain in this section. When a strong memory is ... Mice were trained, using foot shocks, to fear a cherry blossom odor. The investigators reported that the mouse offspring had an ... Rats form long-term associative memories after contextual fear conditioning (CFC). Duke et al. found that 24 hours after CFC in ...