These cells do not open directly to the surface of the skin, but injury caused by fighting and other agonistic behaviors may ... Ladich F, Myrberg AA (2006). "Agonistic Behavior and Acoustic Communication". Communication in Fishes. 1: 121-148. Fine ML, ... Feeding behavior to food is due to amino acids released by food. This is reported to cause maxillary and mandibular barbell ... Different sounds may be used for different functions in communication, such as in behavior towards predators and in asserting ...

in the American Journal of Primatology; November 2001 Klein, L. L. (1974). Agonistic behavior in neotropical primates. In ... The Mexican howler exhibits limited interaction with members of its species and very minor aggressive behavior. There is ... Females also show aggression when asserting dominance, though this is usually limited to harassment behavior like hair pulling ...

According to a study by Kaatz, sounds for disturbance (e.g. alarm) and agonistic behavior were not significantly different, ... 2006). "Agonistic Behavior and Acoustic Communication". Communication in Fishes. 1: 121-148.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ... This is a very important fish communication mechanism, especially during agonistic and distress behaviors. Catfish are able to ... During courtship behavior in three species of Corydoras catfish, all males actively produced stridulation sounds before egg ...

Takeuchi T (January 2017). "Agonistic display or courtship behavior? A review of contests over mating opportunity in ... Broom DM (1998). "Welfare, Stress, and the Evolution of Feelings". Stress and Behavior. Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol ... Takeuchi T, Imafuku M (September 2005). "Territorial behavior of a green hairstreak Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: ... Journal of Mind and Behavior. 5 (2): 119-130. ISSN 0271-0137. JSTOR 43853318. Morgan CL (1903). "Chapter 3. Other minds than ...

Boal, C. W. (2001). Agonistic behavior of Cooper's Hawks. Raptor Research 35:253-256. Lien, L. A., Millsap, B. A., Madden, K ... Breeding adults generally engage in agonistic behavior when an interloper of their sex is present; 11 responses showed that ... Anti-predator behavior by parent Cooper's hawks against crows, red-tailed hawks and eastern gray squirrels were observed in ... Roth II, T. C., & Lima, S. L. (2003). Hunting behavior and diet of Cooper's hawks: an urban view of the small-bird-in-winter ...

Cambridge University Press.[page needed] McGlone, John J. (April 1986). "Agonistic Behavior in Food Animals: Review of Research ... Ferris, C.F.; Delville, Y. (January 1994). "Vasopressin and serotonin interactions in the control of agonistic behavior". ... Risenhoover, K.; Bailey, J. (1985). "Relationships between group size, feeding time, and agonistic behavior of mountain goats ... Caldwell, Roy L.; Dingle, Hugh (May 1975). "Ecology and evolution of agonistic behavior in stomatopods". Die ...

Agonistic Behavior in the House Finch. Part I. Annual Cycle and Display Patterns. The Condor, 62(4) :245-271. Agonistic ... Agonistic Behavior of the House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus). University of California Graduate Division, Northern Section. ... Singing behavior of the Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) (U. S. A.) Abstracts - XI Congressus Internationalis Ornithologicus. ... Singing Behavior of the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea, Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 31 :39-59. A Behavioral and ...

Thompson, William L (1960). "Agonistic Behavior in the House Finch. Part I: Annual Cycle and Display Patterns" (PDF). The ... He may then present the female with choice bits of food, and if she mimics the behavior of a hungry chick, he may actually feed ... Evanden, Fred G. (1957). "Observations on Nesting Behavior of the House Finch" (PDF). The Condor. University of California ...

"Agonistic behavior in pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia, Dinosauria); a new look at head-butting behavior". Rocky Mountain ... with comments on cranial display structures in agonistic behavior". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18 (2): 363-375. doi: ... Snively, E.; Theodor, J. M. (2011). "Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras ... Snively, E.; Cox, A. (2008). "Structural Mechanics of Pachycephalosaur Crania Permitted Head-butting Behavior". Palaeontologia ...

"Agonistic behavior in pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia, Dinosauria); a new look at head-butting behavior". Rocky Mountain ... or for horn-locking agonistic behavior. The study of sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs is incredibly difficult. The varying size ... or to butt into the softer flank of other pachycephalosaurs for intraspecific communication or as a form of agonistic behavior ... Snively, Eric; Cox, Andres (2008). "Structural Mechanics of Pachycephalosaur Crania Permitted Head-Butting Behavior". ...

ISBN 978-0-226-77993-5. Coutlee, Ellen L. (1967). "Agonistic behavior in the American goldfinch". The Wilson Bulletin. 79 (1): ... Avoidance behaviors include showing only the side of the body to an aggressor, leaning away, flexing the legs, retracting the ... Popp, James W. (1987). "Resource value and dominance among American goldfinches". Bird Behavior. 7 (2): 73-77. doi:10.3727/ ...

2006). "Five: Agonistic Behavior and Acoustic Communication" (PDF). Communication in Fishes. Science Publications. pp. 122-148 ...

Information on agonistic behavior is also limited. However, territorial calling and aerial displays have been noted, while ... Fisher, C, Lindgren, E & Dawson, W 1972, Drinking patterns and behavior of Australian desert birds in relation to their ecology ...

In calves, the frequency of agonistic behavior decreases as space allowance increases, but this does not occur for changes in ... Such agonistic behavior reduces the risk of injury. Dominance status depended on age and sex, with older animals generally ... "The effect of group size and space allowance on the agonistic and spacing behavior of cattle". Applied Animal Behaviour Science ... By adjusting their behavior, cattle obtain heavier bites in swards that are tall and sparse compared with short, dense swards ...

Caldwell, Roy L.; Dingle, Hugh (1975). "Ecology and evolution of agonistic behavior in stomatopods". Die Naturwissenschaften. ...

... there is no observed cooperative or agonistic behavior. Main and lateral burrows are kept open by packing soil into the side of ... The cell lining behavior consisted of brushing motions over the cell using the female's metasoma. Females do not open cells ... M. portalis has both territorial male behavior in a female emergence site (inside the nests) as well as a resource-based ... Further, large headed males are very conscious of female reproductive behavior: during cell provisioning, large headed males ...

In many primate species, males direct agonistic behavior toward females prior to courtship behaviors. Such behavior can include ... agonistic behavior between males and females during courtship displays is seen in nature. Intraspecific agonistic behavior that ... However, agonistic behavior that turns dangerous does occur. In some species, physical traits that are sexually selected for in ... In some birds and mammals, the male may participate in agonistic behaviors with other candidate males. Although rare, ...

Sands, W.A. (1982). "Agonistic behavior of African soldierless apico-termitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae)". Sociobiology. 7 (1): ... Shorter, John R.; Rueppell, Olav (2011). "A review on self-destructive defense behaviors in social insects" (PDF). Insectes ... Bordereau, Christian; Robert, Annie R.; Van Tuyen, V.; Peppuy, Alexis (1997). "Suicidal defensive behavior by frontal gland ...

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194465 Yabuta, S. (2000). Behaviors in agonistic interaction of the butterflyfish (Chaetodon ... Animal Behavior, 63, 165-173. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1869 Pratchett, M.S. (2005). Dietary overlap among coral-feeding ... It is performed towards conspecifics in territorial disputes as well as in non-agonistic interactions with a pair partner. C. ... A tail-up display is a common antagonistic behavior in the Chaetodon species. ...

Individuals tend to be aggressive to one another; hisses, grunts and even distress calls accompany agonistic behavior. Largely ... A study of the foraging behavior of the bare-tailed woolly opossum and the sympatric kinkajou showed that both feed on a ...

Clear agonistic gaping behavior observed in Great White Shark. Frill-necked lizard faces predators, making itself look big with ... Gaping is a common form of behavior in the animal kingdom, in which an animal opens its mouth widely and displays the interior ... Other snakes, such as the Western Massasauga, have been observed to engage in gaping behavior which "appears to be unrelated to ... Some animals have evolved features which make gaping behavior more visually effective. For example, "[i]n many species of ...

Rice, Clifford G (1988). "Agonistic and sexual behavior of Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius)". Ethology. 78 (2): 89-112. doi: ... Midway Reprint) Barrows, Edward M. (2011-04-26). Animal Behavior Desk Reference: A Dictionary of Animal Behavior, Ecology …. ... Similar urine-spraying behavior is common in other deer species, and is known as automarking. Throughout the year white-tailed ... doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1972.tb00876.x. Xu, Z.; Stoddart, D.M.; Ding, H.; Zhang, J. (1995). "Self-anointing behavior in the ...

A. colensonis has been found to show aggressive, agonistic behavior. Larvae remain still and sit in one spot for hours and are ... Rowe, R. J. (January 1992). "Agonistic behaviour in final-instar larvae of Austrolestes colensonis (Odonata: Lestidae)". New ... As adults A. colensonis also exhibit thermoregulation behavior. There are two mechanisms involved: physiological colour changes ...

Ph.D. (1974). AGONISTIC AND COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR OF FIELD SPARROWS, SPIZELLA PUSILLA (WILSON). University of Michigan, United ... 1969). On Territorial Behavior and Other Factors Influencing Habitat Distribution in Birds Part 3 Breeding Success in a Local ... 2001). Nest desertion by field sparrows and its possible influence on the evolution of Cowbird behavior. The Auk. vol 118, no 3 ... Ph.D. (1972). THE VOCAL BEHAVIOR OF THE FIELD SPARROW. The Ohio State University, United States, Ohio. Heckenlively DB. ...

Nocturnal activity includes agonistic or aggressive behaviors, courtship, and foraging. When artificial lights are used in ... Blue tailed geckos and other reptiles are sensitive to artificial light at night and will change their behaviors as a result of ... It has been found that blue tailed geckos will change their foraging behavior from diurnal to nocturnal in cases where they ...

... these sounds are used for agonistic behaviors, including territory defense. The copper rockfish is a relatively common rockfish ... In combination with habitat patchiness and limited larva dispersal distance, this behavior means separate populations genetics ...

ISBN 978-0-85199-717-9. McGlone, John J. (1 April 1986). "Agonistic Behavior in Food Animals: Review of Research and Techniques ... Bunting is a form of animal behavior, often found in cats, in which the animal butts or rubs its head against other things, ... Lions will often greet each other with this head bunting behavior when returning to a pride after a hunt. In the early stages ... Bunting is a normal animal behavior, and should be distinguished from head pressing, which is abnormal and typically a sign of ...

This agonistic territorial behavior is more severe interspecifically than intraspecifically. An interspecific hierarchy for the ... that are warmer in temperature and will exclude other families from thermally-superior shelters through agonistic behavior. ... While adult skinks will tolerate their own offspring, invading conspecific adults are shown aggressive territorial behavior, ...

"Agonistic behavior and unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice" (PDF). Behavior Genetics. 33 (5): 513-519. doi:10.1023/A: ... Loehlin, John (1 April 2009). "History of behavior genetics". In Kim, Yong-Kyu (ed.). Handbook of Behavior Genetics. Berlin: ... He edited special issues for the journals Behavior Genetics, Behavioural Brain Research, Physiology and Behavior (with Robert ... "Altered anxiety-related and social behaviors in the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome". Genes, Brain and Behavior ...

Newmark, J. E.; Jenkins, S. H. (April 2000). "Sex Differences in Agonistic Behavior of Merriam's Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys ... This caching behavior affects the rangeland and croplands where the animals live. Kangaroo rats must harvest as much seed as ... Schroder, G. D. (August 1979). "Foraging Behavior and Home Range Utilization of the Bannertail Kangaroo Rat". Ecology. 60 (4): ...

... but is chased away or engaged in agonistic behavior if it does not give a head nod or gives a challenge display. If the adult ... This behavior suggests that being selective aids in reproductive isolation. It also suggests that being around conspecifics is ... Fleishman, Leo J. (1988). "The Social Behavior of Anolis auratus, a Grass Anole from Panama". Journal of Herpetology. 22 (1): ... Fleishman, Leo J. (1988). "The Social Behavior of Anolis auratus, a Grass Anole from Panama". Journal of Herpetology. 22 (1): ...

... and courtship behaviors while the latter exhibit basking and foraging behaviors. The collared lizard in the wild has been the ... However, when agonistic interactions between male rivals escalate to violent fights, both lizards must expend substantial ... engaging in more courtship behaviors. This cost-benefit strategy demonstrates the complex social behaviors and decision making ... This triggers aggressive behaviors in males and induces fierce competition for mating. With regards to female selection of male ...

Territoriality and the spatial distribution of sexual and agonistic behavior at a territorial ground. Z. Tierpsychol, 37:192- ... Buechner, H. K., Schleoth, R. K., (1965) Ceremonial mating behavior in Uganda kob (Adenota kob thomsi Neuman). Z. Tierpsychol, ... Estes, Richard (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. University of ...

This behavior may have substantial benefits since it may allow retaining the desired beneficial therapeutic effects of a drug ... The agonistic effects of endogenous hormones can also be mimicked by certain synthetic ligands, for example, the glucocorticoid ... gene expression by nuclear receptors often occurs in the presence of a ligand-a molecule that affects the receptor's behavior. ...

"Alien behavior" can be distinguished from reflexive behavior in that the former is flexibly purposive while the latter is ... Agonistic dyspraxia can thus be viewed as an involuntary competitive interaction between the two hands directed toward ... or until the hand does something that draws their attention to its behavior. There is a clear distinction between the behaviors ... The behavior of the patient is, in a sense, obligatorily linked to the "affordances" (using terminology introduced by the ...

leaves: a puzzle in the feeding behavior of wild chimpanzees. Primates 24: 276-282. Nishida T. e.a. (2010) Chimpanzee behavior ... London: Jonathan Cape Nishida T. (1983) Alpha status and agonistic alliances in wild chimpanzees. Primates 24: 318-336. Nishida ... a behavior that had not been observed in the Gombe chimpanzees. Based on their visit, McGrew and Tutin were the first to ...

Releasing sperm directly into the water increases sperm competition through agonistic behavior and spawning in groups. This has ... doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00409.x. Houck, Lynne D.; Arnold, Stevan J. (2003). "Courtship and Mating Behavior" (PDF). In ... Role of behavior and fine temporal windows in maintaining reproductive isolation". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 64 (11 ...

Lastly, studies show that cells treated by HAMLET exhibit behaviors common to macroautophagy. This includes presence of ... "Targeting TRAIL Agonistic Receptors for Cancer Therapy". Clinical Cancer Research. 13 (8): 2313-2317. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR ...

2019). A study on the variation in feeding behavior of fossil toothed whales with extremely long rostra is published by McCurry ... "Evidence of intraspecific agonistic interactions in Smilodon populator (Carnivora, Felidae)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (4): ... A study determining the origins of nocturnal behavior in early mammals as correlating to sperm preservation. Martin Pickford ( ... George A. Lyras (2019). "Brain changes during phyletic dwarfing in elephants and hippos". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 92 (3- ...

The newer drug enzalutamide has been shown not to have agonistic properties in the context of overexpression of the AR, though ... Morali G, Oropeza MV, Lemus AE, Perez-Palacios G (September 1994). "Mechanisms regulating male sexual behavior in the rat: role ... King SR (2008). "Emerging roles for neurosteroids in sexual behavior and function". Journal of Andrology. 29 (5): 524-33. doi: ... by a variety of findings including animal studies showing that estrogen deficiency results in diminished sexual behavior, ...

Agonistic behaviors have been recorded between B. pauloensis queens in colonies that are in polygynous phases. These ... Queen dominance is correlated with aggressive behaviors. One theory for why these subordinate remain in the nest relates to the ... The polygynous nesting cycles lead to certain specific types of behavior including queen-queen aggression. Nests can also be ... The purpose of such "litter manipulating" behavior is unclear. Subordinate queens have sometimes been observed to assume the ...

"Norway Rat Behavior Repertoire". ratbehavior.org. Barnett, S. (1975). The Rat: a study in behavior (pp. 52-115). Chicago, MI: ... Haney, M.; Miczek, K.A. (1993). "Ultrasounds during agonistic interactions between female rats (Rattus norvegicus)". Journal of ... Foraging behavior is often population-specific, and varies by environment and food source. Brown rats living near a hatchery in ... Martin Schein, founder of the Animal Behavior Society in 1964, studied the diet of brown rats and came to the conclusion that ...

There are a number of problematic behaviors that affect the human-cat relationship. One behavior is when cats attack people by ... Agonistic vocalisations in domestic cats: a case study. In Proc Fonetik (Vol. 2015, pp. 85-90). Spielman, Dr. Bari. "Panting in ... Pam Johnson-Bennett (3 May 2012). "Bunting Behavior". Retrieved 30 March 2015. Mary White. "Cat Behavior Tips". LifeTips. ... the cue that initiates the behavior, the response to the cue, and the reward for completing the behavior. This is shown when ...

can be territorial and display aggressive behaviors. Larger individuals are more likely to act aggressively, and this behavior ... 2012). Agonistic behaviour among Haemulon spp. (Actinopterygii: Haemulidae) and other coral reef fishes in northeastern Brazil ... The spawning behavior of these fish has not been observed. Haemulon is split by some authorities into two genera, these workers ... Like other members of their family, these fish produce a grunting sound by grinding their pharyngeal teeth, the behavior which ...

Jaeger, Michael M; Pandit, Rajat K; Haque, Emdadul (1996). "Seasonal Differences in Territorial Behavior by Golden Jackals in ... Feddersen-Petersen, D. (1991). "The ontogeny of social play and agonistic behaviour in selected canid species" (PDF). Bonn. ... "On the effects of domestication on canine social development and behavior". Applied Animal Ethology. 8 (6): 507. doi:10.1016/ ...

In particular, the Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the Sophists, the ... 1) Guo, Rongxing (2017). An Economic Inquiry into the Nonlinear Behaviors of Nations: Dynamic Developments and the Origins of ...

Locomotor postures and behaviors have included vertical clinging and leaping (including saltatory behavior), seen in indriids ... Sifakas are known to exhibit an open-mouth play face as well as a submissive teeth-baring grimace used in agonistic ... Some lemurs defecate in specific areas, otherwise known as latrine behavior. Although many animals exhibit this behavior, it is ... This type of behavior was first documented in the 1960s in true lemur species as well as other Lemuridae species, such as ...

In agonistic interactions, barking sounds such as "ngre-go, ngre-go" are used to maintain their group's territory. The Phayre's ... 2018). "Feeding Behavior of Phayre's Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei) and Capped Langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) in Dampa ... The females show promiscuous behavior, studies do show a preference for more experienced males, usually of higher dominance. ... agonistic interactions are observed in places of overlapping borders. Female dispersal is also observed between the groups, ...

Burrow-holding males engage in agonistic contests with both intruding males that attempt burrow take-overs and with other ... As territory owners become accustomed to their neighbours, they expend less time and energy on defensive behaviors directed ... 71-83 Alcock, John (2009). Animal Behavior, 9th Ed. Sinauer Associates. pp. 281-282. ISBN 978-0-87893-225-2. Bee, M.A., (2003 ... Animal Behaviour, 65: 391-396 McMann, S. and Paterson, A.V., (2012). Display behavior of resident brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) ...

Additionally, σ receptor agonistic, nACh receptor antagonistic, and D2 receptor agonistic actions have been reported for some ... and Behavior. 49 (4): 859-69. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90235-6. PMID 7886099. S2CID 54306053. Thurkauf A, de Costa B, Yamaguchi ... and Behavior. 98 (2): 227-33. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.019. PMID 21215770. S2CID 24650035. Chaudieu I, Vignon J, ... and Behavior. 32 (3): 699-705. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90020-8. PMID 2544905. S2CID 7672918. Itzhak Y, Simon EJ (August 1984 ...

... has been shown to increase locomotion and sniffing behavior in mice treated with it. At least one study has found ... Navarro JF, Maldonado E (September 1999). "Behavioral profile of quinpirole in agonistic encounters between male mice". Methods ... Szechtman, Henry; Sulis, William; Eilam, David (1998). "Quinpirole induces compulsive checking behavior in rats: A potential ... that quinpirole induces compulsive behavior symptomatic of obsessive compulsive disorder in rats. Another study in rats show ...

This call was also heard during agonistic behavior interactions with conspecifics, and may serve additionally or alternatively ... Environment has an effect on mobbing behavior as seen in a study conducted by Dagan & Izhaki (2019), wherein mobbing behavior ... Mobbing behavior varies in intensity depending on the perceived threat of a predator according to a study done by Dutour et al ... Costs of mobbing behavior include the risk of engaging with predators, as well as energy expended in the process. The black- ...

Hormones and pheromones released with urine by the fish often affect the behavior and physiology of the opposite sex. Dominant ... Dominant males both store and release more potent urine during agonistic interactions. Thus, both the initial stage of lek ... Male Mozambique tilapias synchronize breeding behavior in terms of courtship activity and territoriality in order to take ... However, contrary to popular belief, Mozambique tilapias display more agonistic interactions towards fish that are farther ...

Russo EB, Burnett A, Hall B, Parker KK (August 2005). "Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1a receptors". Neurochemical ... addictive-like behavior and pain modulation, among others. CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain, more specifically in ... and Behavior. 81 (2): 224-238. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.027. PMID 15935454. S2CID 14186359. Ralevic V (July 2003). " ...

When males approach females, the fat sand rats tend to interact in an agonistic manner, and display many different behaviours, ... Daly, Martin; Daly, Sandra (1975). "Behavior of Psammomys obesus (Rodents: Gerbillinae) in the Algerian Sahara". Zeitschrift ... When females initiate the interactions and approach a male, agonistic encounters also occur as with male initiated interactions ...

... agonistic behavior, and pollination biology. He is the author of Evolution of Infectious Disease (1994) and Plague Time: The ...