... a newly identified protein of the afferent auditory pathway, cause DFNB59 auditory neuropathy". Nat. Genet. 38 (7): 770-8. doi: ... The encoded protein is required for the proper function of auditory pathway neurons. Defects in this gene are a cause of non- ...

"Acute and chronic changes in dorsal horn innervation by primary afferents and descending supraspinal pathways after spinal cord ... Mechanoreceptors follow the same general pathway. However, they do not cross over at the level of the spinal cord, but at the ... Both pathways depend on the production of chemokines and other molecules important in the inflammatory response.[citation ... TNF-alpha then binds to the TNF receptors expressed on nociceptors, activating the MAPK/NF-kappa B pathways. This leads to the ...

"The afferent and efferent organization of the lateral geniculo-prestriate pathways in the macaque monkey". The Journal of ... Evidence also suggests that, following a traumatic injury to V1, there is still a direct pathway from the retina through the ... Rodman HR, Gross CG, Albright TD (June 1989). "Afferent basis of visual response properties in area MT of the macaque. I. ... Cragg, B.G. (1969-07-01). "The topography of the afferent projections in the circumstriate visual cortex of the monkey studied ...

The spasticity occurs when the afferent pathways in the brain are compromised and the communication between the brain to the ... Cerebral Palsy~clinical at eMedicine el-Abd MA, Ibrahim IK (March 1994). "Impaired afferent control in patients with spastic ... The theory behind constraint-induced movement therapy is that new neural pathways are created. Alternative forms of physical ...

Respiratory muscles and vagal afferent neural pathways relay information from the chest wall/airways to the central nervous ... The perception of dyspnea is theorized to be a complicated connection between peripheral receptors, neural pathways, and the ...

... learning and in the afferent pain pathway. It is expressed throughout the CNS with high levels in the substantia nigra, ...

Perl's work at Utah focused on spinothalamic somatosensory pathways and the interactions between primary afferent neurons and ... Previous work by Ainsley Iggo had provided a small sample of primary afferent fibers that are now understood to have been C- ... Myelinated afferent fibres innervating the primate skin and their response to noxious stimuli. J. Physiol. (London) 197: 593- ... A specific inhibitory pathway between substantia gelatinosa neurons receiving direct C-fiber input. J. Neurosci. 23: 8752-8758 ...

The secondary nerve association involves an efferent and afferent pathway that measure the stress and strain placed on the ... As intrafusal muscle fibers, nuclear chain fibers are innervated by both sensory afferents and motor efferents. The afferent ... The afferent pathway resembles a spring wrapping around the nuclear chain fiber and connecting to one of its ends away from the ... Again, depending on the stress and strain the muscles sustains, this afferent and efferent coordination will measure the " ...

... where the neurons in the digestive tract communicate through both afferent and efferent pathways with the vagus nerve. ... It functions as a pathway for the innervation in the mucosa layer of the gastrointestinal wall. The ENS is capable of ... In vertebrates, the enteric nervous system includes efferent neurons, afferent neurons, and interneurons, all of which make the ... 2015). "Genetics and pharmacogenetics of aminergic transmitter pathways in functional gastrointestinal disorders". ...

1.) Vagovagal reflex: Distention, or stretching, activates an afferent pathway which in turn stimulates efferent response from ... 2.) Local ENS Pathway: Activated ENS releases ACh stimulating parietal cells to secrete acid. As dietary protein is digested, ... ACh is secreted by parasympathetic nerve fibers of both the short and long reflex ,.ml; pathways. Histamine is a paracrine ...

Therefore, the damage in the thalamus causes miscommunication between the afferent pathway and the cortex of the brain, ...

The intrafusal muscle fibers control the resting level of the Ia afferent pathway, which in turn creates a steady level of ... Lesions controlling descending pathways in lower motor neurons to the upper limbs, can cause a loss in patient's ability to ... With low rates of activity of the descending pathway, fewer and smaller motor neurons are activated, leading to a small amount ... Hypotonia can be due to damage to alpha neurons or Ia afferents carrying sensory information to the alpha neurons. This creates ...

... and have a particularly important role in signal conduction in afferent pain pathways. The proposed molecular mode of action of ... a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway". Nature. 389 (6653): 816-24. Bibcode:1997Natur.389..816C. doi:10.1038/39807. ...

However these afferent pathways may also transfer sources of information about the state and function of the body that could ... The neural pathways that carry sensory information from the body to the brain facilitates the homeostatic regulation of purely ...

Research on cat's spinal cord has shown that at the spinal cord level sensory afferents and descending motor pathways converge ... The Ia afferent of the muscle spindle enters the spinal cord, and one branch synapses on to the alpha motor neuron that causes ... The Ib afferent branches in the spinal cord. One branch synapses the Ib inhibitory interneuron. The other branch synapses onto ... These afferents enter the spinal cord and travel up to the lumbar region, where they synapse an excitatory interneuron. This ...

... response properties and a model of integration in the afferent auditory pathway". Journal of Comparative Physiology. 152 (4): ...

The ventral posterior nucleus has, by virtue of its afferent and efferent pathways, crucial relay and regulatory roles in touch ...

... receptors work to inhibit appetite upon distention of the GI tract by sending signals along the vagus nerve afferent pathway ... Varela L, Horvath TL (2012). "Leptin and insulin pathways in POMC and AgRP neurons that modulate energy balance and glucose ... The circulating gut hormones that regulate many pathways in the body can either stimulate or suppress appetite. For example, ...

His Ph.D. thesis Studies on the trigeminal nerve with particular reference to the pathway for painful afferent impulses was ...

... afferent pathway), but can still receive neural signals from the brain (efferent pathway) to constrict. If there is a ... If there is an afferent defect in the left eye, both pupils will dilate when the light is shining on the left eye, but both ... This test detects the afferent pupil defect, also referred to as the Marcus Gunn pupil. It is conducted in a semidarkened room ...

Optic nerve diseases such as optic neuritis or retrobulbar neuritis lead to dysfunction in the afferent nerve pathway once the ... Damage to the spinal cord or other major nerve fiber may lead to a termination of both afferent and efferent signals to varying ... Other types of somatosensory loss include hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, which consists of ineffective afferent ...

... the anterior cingulate cortex shares afferent and efferent pathways with a number of thalamic nuclei as well as the posterior ... This pathway involves GABAergic inhibitory projections that serve as one of the means of communication between the different ...

The insula receives information from "homeostatic afferent" sensory pathways via the thalamus and sends output to a number of ... experience and imagination shows divergent functional connectivity pathways". PLOS ONE. 3 (8): e2939. Bibcode:2008PLoSO... ...

Descending pathways also activate opioid receptor-containing parts of the spinal cord.[citation needed] Afferent pathways ... Afferent pain-receptive nerves, those that bring signals to the brain, comprise at least two kinds of fibers - a fast, ... A painful, nociceptive stimulus stimulates primary afferent fibers and travels to the brain via transmission cells. Increasing ... Stimulation of this area produces analgesia (but not total numbing) by activating descending pathways that directly and ...

... refers to the maintenance of the particular order of afferent connections from the retina along the afferent pathway via sub- ... via different afferent pathways (dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract and spinothalamic tract), to the ventral posterior ... Afferents from taste receptors and mechanoreceptors of the tongue access different ascending systems in the brainstem. However ... Most sensory systems spatially segregate afferent input from primary sensory neurons to construct a topographic map that ...

... both afferent and efferent pathways) in a series of papers collectively called "Correlated anatomical and physiological studies ...

182 Signals transmitted through efferent and afferent pathways allow the central nervous system to anticipate, plan or guide ... Evidence for the concept of motor programs include the following:p. 182 Processing of afferent information (feedback) is too ... In contrast to the open-loop response-chaining hypothesis, Adams' closed-loop theory suggested that processing of afferent ... each subsequent movement was thought to be automatically triggered by response-produced afferent information from the muscles. ...

These pathways have both afferent and efferent fibers and, this way, they are responsible for conduction of sensory information ... The dorsal root is the afferent sensory root and carries sensory information to the brain. The ventral root is the efferent ... The sacral nerves have both afferent and efferent fibers, thus they are responsible for part of the sensory perception and the ...

... dependence of sustained bladder contractions provoked by filling or by subcutaneous bethanechol upon sacral afferent pathways" ...

... then generate sensory feedbacks and send information to the nervous system through the afferent pathways. After receiving the ... There are two types of sensory feedback, intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Intrinsic feedback will be received only from the ... somatosensory feedback from the limbs and various supraspinal pathways in the model. The mechanical linkages between the limbs ... and a representative proprioceptive sensory pathway. One-dimensional phase oscillators are used to stimulate the movement of ...