The ATPase activity of the RSC complex is activated by single-stranded, double-stranded, and/or nucleosomal DNA, while some of ... therefore they can control transcription and replication. With the help of an in vitro experiment using yeast, it was ... The RSC complex has ATPase activity in the presence of DNA. While RSC and SWI/SNF are considered homologous, RSC is ... A single molecule study using magnetic tweezers and linear DNA observed that RSC generates DNA loops in vitro while ...

Therefore, TERRA expression may play an important role in the proper orchestration of DNA replication, as TERRA may hybridize ... At the same time, telomerase activity is known to be at its greatest when telomeres are short and at its lowest activity when ... Evidence shows that TERRA functions together with hnRNPA1 to displace RPA from single-stranded DNA following replication and ... This model is supported by evidence in other regions of the genome where persistent DNA-RNA hybrids lead to increased DNA ...

... polymerase with DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex: a link between DNA strand break detection and DNA replication". Nucleic ... Both sirtuin 1 and PARP1 have a roughly equal affinity for the NAD+ that both enzymes require for activity. But DNA damage can ... when these breaks are encountered during DNA replication, the replication fork stalls, and double-strand DNA (dsDNA) breaks ... deficient expression of a DNA repair enzyme results in increased un-repaired DNA damage which, through replication errors ( ...

... with the intervening DNA containing regions of reduced origin activity. One possibility is that these different compartments ... The process of duplicating DNA is called DNA replication, and it takes place by first unwinding the duplex DNA molecule, ... Another possibility is that the replication timing of a section of DNA contributes to the packaging of that DNA. It has been ... starting at many locations called DNA replication origins, followed by an unzipping process that unwinds the DNA as it is being ...

It and its derivates bind Topo II and prevent its ability to catalyze rejoining of DNA that has been broken for replication. ... For example, ring A is not essential to antimitotic activity. Aromatization of ring C leads to loss of activity, possibly from ... and consequently stops DNA unwinding and replication. Mutants resistant to either podophyllotoxin, or to its topoisomerase II ... as it is able to stop replication of both cellular and viral DNA by binding necessary enzymes. It can additionally destabilize ...

RAD54 moves along the length of the DNA, producing positive supercoils ahead of the replication protein movement and negative ... Purified hRAD54 has been shown to specifically exhibit DNA-dependent ATPase and supercoiling activities. hRAD54 transcripts are ... The binding of this protein to double-strand DNA induces a DNA topological change, which is thought to facilitate homologous ... DNA pairing, and stimulate DNA recombination. RAD54 is one of the key proteins necessary for homologous recombination and DNA ...

... including DNA replication and repair. Like other casein kinase 1 protein family members, casein kinase 1 epsilon recognizes the ... CK1δ and/or CK1ε may provide the priming activity. The FASP site on PER2 is a key target of this priming kinase activity. ... Damage to DNA has been shown to activate p53 through enhanced CK1 activation. Inactivation of CK1 leads to decreased resistance ... Smadja Storz S, Tovin A, Mracek P, Alon S, Foulkes NS, Gothilf Y (2013-01-21). "Casein kinase 1δ activity: a key element in the ...

If the DNA and RNA is not repaired, this cross-linking causes breakage during replication and eventually causes cell death via ... and DNA polymerase activity. However, the clinical application of lomustine is restricted due to dose-related toxicities such ... Lomustine is a chloroethlyating compound and it causes alkylation and cross-linking of RNA and DNA at the O6 position of ... Lomustine is a bifunctional alkylating agent, alkylates both DNA and RNA, has the ability to created interstrand cross-links ( ...

... is an enzyme used during the DNA replication of the T7 bacteriophage. During this process, the DNA polymerase ... T7 DNA polymerase possesses a 3'-5' single and double stranded DNA exonuclease activity. This exonuclease activity is activated ... Figure 2. Nucleotidyl transfer by DNA polymerase. T7 DNA polymerase catalyzes the phosphoryl transfer during DNA replication of ... the exonuclease activity increases resulting in no net DNA synthesis or degradation of DNA. In order to use for DNA sequencing ...

It is also involved in DNA replication during the cell cycle, and the mechanisms that cope with stress-induced replication ... block kinase activity in the cyclin-CDK complex to halt the cell cycle in G1 or in response to environmental signals or DNA ... Whether or not the phosphorylation of proteins in bacteria can also regulate processes like DNA repair or replication still ... However, it has a negative impact on several fundamental biological processes such as transcription, replication and DNA repair ...

E1 is similar to COOH-terminal domain of the Simian virus 40, plays a role in viral DNA replication maintaining plasmids within ... In the upper epithelial layers, the promoter activity is altered during the virus' production. E4 proteins are expressed, and ... Research is not conclusive about which coding regions are expressed before or after replication of viral DNA. E1 is the largest ... Viral replication proteins E1 and E2 are also required to form the papilloma and keep the episomal viral genome replication low ...

DNMT1 is recruited to DNA during its replication, or during DNA repair. As a new DNA strand is synthesized, unmethylated ... Unlike differences in DNA methylation, changes in miRNA activity induced by cigarette smoke are largely unknown. Primary ... Chemicals in smoke can damage DNA, which subsequently leads to changes in DNA methylation during the repair process. Damage ... namely a failure to maintain normal methylation patterns during DNA replication and repair. The upregulation of DNMT3b has also ...

During DNA replication, the lagging strand of DNA binds in the central channel of dnaB, and the second DNA strand is excluded. ... The energy for DnaB activity is provided by NTP hydrolysis. Mechanical energy moves the DnaB into the replication fork, ... The complex formed at the replication origin also includes several DNA-binding proteins- Hu, IHF and FIS that facilitate DNA ... DnaB helicase is an enzyme in bacteria which opens the replication fork during DNA replication. Although the mechanism by which ...

ScCdc14 has been found to bind several proteins that regulate the cell cycle and DNA replication, or that associate with the ... In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the species in which Cdc14 activity is best understood and most-studied, the activity of Cdc14 ( ... including those known to regulate the cell cycle and DNA replication, or that associate with the spindle or kinetochore. Cdc14 ... "Vertebrate cells genetically deficient for Cdc14A or Cdc14B retain DNA damage checkpoint proficiency but are impaired in DNA ...

Transferrin is a protein used to transport iron into the cells and is needed to aid the cancer cells in DNA replication. ... The cerium binding to the transferrin in place of the iron inhibits the transferrin activity in the cell. This creates a toxic ... but cells treated with both cerium and transferrin had more significant inhibition for cellular activity. Another specific ... allows for easy tuning of the steric environments and examples exist where this has been used to improve the catalytic activity ...

Rhind N (2015). "Incorporation of Thymidine Analogs for Studying Replication Kinetics in Fission Yeast". DNA Replication. ... "Cell cycle-dependent regulation of thymidine kinase activity introduced into mouse LMTK- cells by DNA and chromatin-mediated ... Rhind N (2009). "Incorporation of Thymidine Analogs for Studying Replication Kinetics in Fission Yeast". DNA Replication. ... The triphosphate is included in a DNA molecule, a reaction catalyzed by a DNA polymerase and a complementary DNA molecule (or ...

HRR is active during the S and G2 phases of interphase when DNA replication is either partially accomplished or after it is ... The process of mitosis is divided into stages corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the ... In general, mitosis is preceded by S phase of interphase (during which DNA replication occurs) and is often followed by ... DNA double-strand breaks can be repaired during interphase by two principal processes. The first process, non-homologous end ...

... is used in both DNA repair and DNA replication (see Mammalian ligases). In addition, DNA ligase has extensive use in ... and cannot join RNA to DNA efficiently. The activity of E. coli DNA ligase can be enhanced by DNA polymerase at the right ... DNA end Lagging strand DNA replication Okazaki fragment DNA polymerase Sequencing by ligation Pascal JM, O'Brien PJ, Tomkinson ... It can also ligate blunt-ended DNA with much greater efficiency than E. coli DNA ligase. Unlike E. coli DNA ligase, T4 DNA ...

Replication across template T/U by human DNA polymerase-iota. Structure. 2009 Jul 15;17(7):974-80. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2009.04. ... A strategically located serine residue is critical for the mutator activity of DNA polymerase IV from Escherichia coli. Nucleic ... Due to the action of a variety of agents, lesions are formed on DNA which interferes with normal replication and may also prove ... Replication by human DNA polymerase-iota occurs by Hoogsteen base-pairing. Nature. 2004 Jul 15;430(6997):377-80. PMID 15254543 ...

During DNA replication, DNA polymerases elongate new strands of DNA against complementary template strands. Most DNA ... This exonuclease activity is essential for a DNA polymerase's ability to proofread. Deletions inactivating or removing these ... DNA replication is an error prone process, and DNA molecules themselves are vulnerable to modification by many metabolic and ... Many forms of DNA damage stop progression of the replication fork, causing the DNA polymerases and associated machinery to ...

... of Cisplatin and DNA results in the formation of DNA-DNA interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks which block DNA replication and ... a monofunctional DNA-binding platinum anticancer drug candidate with unusual potency and cellular activity profile". ... cross-link as the major adduct on platinated single-stranded DNA, identification of the major adduct on double-stranded DNA, ... Lippard's research activities are at the interface of biology and inorganic chemistry. Lippard focuses on understanding the ...

"Functional cooperation between FACT and MCM helicase facilitates initiation of chromatin DNA replication". EMBO J. 25 (17): ... Huang JY, Chen WH, Chang YL, Wang HT, Chuang WT, Lee SC (2006). "Modulation of nucleosome-binding activity of FACT by poly(ADP- ... Keller DM, Zeng X, Wang Y, Zhang QH, Kapoor M, Shu H, Goodman R, Lozano G, Zhao Y, Lu H (Mar 2001). "A DNA damage-induced p53 ... Transcription of protein-coding genes can be reconstituted on naked DNA with only the general transcription factors and RNA ...

DNA replication produces two nearly identical sister chromatids. DNA double-strand breaks that arise after replication has ... and a high level of Wee1 and Myt1 activity. The other equilibrium corresponds to M-phase and is characterized by high activity ... Transcription begins at the end of S phase after DNA replication, in response to phosphorylation of transcription factors such ... proceed directly from DNA replication to mitosis. Though much is known about the genetic network which regulates G2 phase and ...

... dna is involved in DNA replication In a 1998 analysis of the E. coli genome, a large number of genes with unknown function were ... Loss of gene activity leads to a nutritional requirement (auxotrophy) not exhibited by the wildtype (prototrophy). Amino acids ... Typically no exceptions are permitted except for small lists of especially well known terms (such as DNA or HIV). Although ... the α-subunit of RNA polymerase rpoB encodes the β-subunit of RNA polymerase polA encodes DNA polymerase I polC encodes DNA ...

R.H.A. Coutts on the replication and gene expression of single stranded DNA viruses (Geminiviruses) in protoplasts. In 1983, he ... The work was centred on elucidating the molecular basis of gene expression in terms of protein synthesis and enzyme activities ... to detect enzyme activity in spiroplasmas and Bacteria. In addition, he used the electrophoretic zymogram analysis to study ... the fastest available microtechnique to detect gene expression and/or enzyme activity in any biological specimen as well as the ...

The primary mechanism of ganciclovir action against CMV is inhibition of the replication of viral DNA by ganciclovir-5'- ... Activity and selectivity are also amplified by the accumulation of ganciclovir-TP in CMV-infected cells. Acute infections are ... triphosphate (ganciclovir-TP). This inhibition includes a selective and potent inhibition of the viral DNA polymerase. ... antiviral response associated with ganciclovir treatment is achieved because of the much weaker inhibition of cellular DNA ...

Overall, the DNA replication process is surprisingly complex, requiring separate proteins to open the DNA helix, to keep it ... In 1976 a DNA polymerase was isolated from T. aquaticus. It was found to retain its activity at temperatures above 75 °C. In ... Repair replications of short synthetic DNA's as catalyzed by DNA polymerases." J. Molec. Biol. vol. 56, pp. 341-61 (1971). ... Arthur Kornberg began to study the mechanism of DNA replication. By 1957 he has identified the first DNA polymerase. The enzyme ...

... s with functions involving DNA structure have biological roles in DNA replication, repair, storage, and ... The extra domains often regulate the activity of the DNA-binding domain. The function of DNA binding is either structural or ... OB-fold proteins have been identified as critical for DNA replication, DNA recombination, DNA repair, transcription, ... DNA recognition by the DBD can occur at the major or minor groove of DNA, or at the sugar-phosphate DNA backbone (see the ...

However, while supercoiling is associated with both DNA transcription and replication, Z-DNA formation is primarily linked to ... Z-DNA sequences upstream of promoter regions have been shown to stimulate transcription. The greatest increase in activity is ... ADAR1 DNA supercoil E3L Mechanical properties of DNA Proteopedia Z-DNA Satellite DNA Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) Zuotin ... Z-DNA is thought to be one of three biologically active double-helical structures along with A-DNA and B-DNA. Left-handed DNA ...

... for DNA synthesis by bacterial DNA polymerase III (Pol III). DnaG is important in bacterial DNA replication because DNA ... The central domain (residues 111-433) displays RNA polymerase activities, and is the site of RNA primer synthesis. The C- ... further facilitating DNA binding. Based on previous studies of DNA binding by DNA Primases, it is thought that DNA binds to the ... DnaG performs this catalysis near the replication fork that is formed by DnaB helicase during DNA replication. DnaG must be ...

2003). "Characterization of the DNA-unwinding activity of human RECQ1, a helicase specifically stimulated by human replication ... 1994). "Purification of two DNA-dependent adenosinetriphosphatases having DNA helicase activity from HeLa cells and comparison ... 2004). "Analysis of the unwinding activity of the dimeric RECQ1 helicase in the presence of human replication protein A". ... 2005). "Biochemical analysis of the DNA unwinding and strand annealing activities catalyzed by human RECQ1". J. Biol. Chem. 280 ...

WRNp is active in unwinding DNA, a step necessary in DNA repair and DNA replication. Since WRNp's function depends on DNA, it ... Apart from helicase activity that is common to all RecQ helices, it also acts to prevent inappropriate homologous recombination ... During replication of the genome, the two copies of DNA, called sister chromatids, are held together through a structure called ... The DNA damage theory of aging proposes that aging is a consequence of the accumulation of naturally occurring DNA damages. The ...

Miotto B, Struhl K (January 2010). "HBO1 histone acetylase activity is essential for DNA replication licensing and inhibited by ... Bell SD (2017). "Initiation of DNA Replication in the Archaea". DNA Replication. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ... This can either involve the replication of DNA in living organisms such as prokaryotes and eukaryotes, or that of DNA or RNA in ... Although DNA replication is essential for genetic inheritance, defined, site-specific replication origins are technically not a ...

... which retains only the DNA polymerase and proofreading activities. DNA polymerase II DNA polymerase III DNA polymerase V Lehman ... In DNA replication, the leading DNA strand is continuously extended in the direction of replication fork movement, whereas the ... E. coli bacteria produces 5 different DNA polymerases: DNA Pol I, DNA Pol II, DNA Pol III, DNA Pol IV, and DNA Pol V. ... Pol I possesses four enzymatic activities: A 5'→3' (forward) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, requiring a 3' primer site ...

2003). "Protein kinase A-anchoring protein AKAP95 interacts with MCM2, a regulator of DNA replication". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (29 ... and inhibits cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity by preventing binding of its catalytic subunit to A-kinase-anchoring ... a regulator of DNA replication". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (29): 26750-6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M300765200. PMID 12740381. Furusawa M, Taira ... 2004). "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature. 428 (6982): 529-35. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..529G. doi: ...