The transcription factor En1 is expressed in the MHB. In cells that express both Otx2 and Irx1, En1 is activated by Fgf8 ... These two homeodomain transcription factors are activated by Irx1 and then cross inhibit one another in the developing central ... The development and location of the MHB is mediated by the transcription factors Otx2 and Gbx2. Otx2 is expressed in the ... The interaction between Otx2 and Gbx2 at the MHB results in the expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8). Out of the ...
... that activates the transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1). PKC-θ also initiates the assembly of proteins Carma-1, Bcl ... PKC-θ plays a role in the activation of transcription factor NF-AT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). Thus, PKC-θ promotes ... This complex of three proteins activates the transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB). Furthermore, ... It is required for the activation of the transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1, and may link the T cell receptor (TCR) ...
2001). "The transcription elongation factor CA150 interacts with RNA polymerase II and the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1". Mol. ... In Sertoli cells with the SOX9 protein it elevates the level of AMH transcription. In Leydig cells it activates the gene ... "The transcription elongation factor CA150 interacts with RNA polymerase II and the pre-mRNA splicing factor SF1". Mol. Cell. ... SF 1 (transcription factor) appears to be active in masculining both the Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. ...
... in promoter regions and activates transcription via recruitment of CREB binding protein (CBP) and other transcription factors. ... CREB is a transcription factor known to influence CNS functioning. This protein is activated by phosphorylation via the kinase ... Shaywitz, A.J. and Greenberg, M.E. (1999). CREB: a stimulus-induced transcription factor activated by a diverse array of ... Pandey, S.C., Zhang, D., Mittal, N., Nayyar, D. (1999). Potential role of the gene transcription factor cyclic AMP-responsive ...
"Stimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors activates transcription factor NF-kappa B in primary neurons". Proc. Natl. Acad. ... The risk factors for benzodiazepine dependence are long-term use beyond four weeks, use of high doses, use of potent short- ... The main factors associated with an increased incidence of benzodiazepine dependence include: Dose Duration Concomitant use of ... of receptor site in the brain and changes in gene transcription codes in the brain. With long-term use and during withdrawal of ...
... activating transcription factor-1) proteins. CREB proteins are expressed in many animals, including humans. CREB has a well- ... A Stimulus-Induced Transcription Factor Activated by A Diverse Array of Extracellular Signals". Annual Review of Biochemistry. ... The phosphorylated CREB recognizes the cAMP Response Element and serves as a transcription factor for Per1 and Per2, two genes ... CREB-TF (CREB, cAMP response element-binding protein) is a cellular transcription factor. It binds to certain DNA sequences ...
PLC activates 3 major transcription factors and their pathways: NFAT, NFkB and AP-1. In addition and after costimulation from ... It cooperates with other transcription factors including NFkB and Oct. NFkB is translocated to the nucleus after costimulation ... This phosphorylation recruits STAT transcription factors, predominantly STAT5, which dimerize and migrate to the cell nucleus ... The major sources of IL-2 are activated CD4+ T cells and activated CD8+ T cells. Put shortly the function of IL-2 is to ...
This kinase is activated by various cell stimuli, and targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early ... MAPK8 has been shown to interact with: Activating transcription factor 2, C-jun, CRK, DUSP10, DUSP1, DUSP22, GSTP1, IRS1, ITCH ... A scaffolding protein that tethers JNK/p38MAPK signaling modules and transcription factors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 ( ... "Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors". EMBO J. 15 (11): 2760-70. doi:10.1002/j.1460- ...
... a striated muscle activator of Rho signaling and serum response factor-dependent transcription". J Biol Chem. 277 (27): 24453-9 ... Actin-binding Rho-activating protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABRA gene. The mouse and rat homologues are ... "Entrez Gene: ABRA actin-binding Rho activating protein". Human ABRA genome location and ABRA gene details page in the UCSC ... 2005). "Muscle-specific signaling mechanism that links actin dynamics to serum response factor". Mol. Cell. Biol. 25 (8): 3173- ...
During mania, GSK-3β is activated via dopamine overactivity. GSK-3β inhibits the transcription factors β-catenin and cyclic AMP ... Various neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor have been shown to be ... cyclic AMP and adenylate cyclase levels are further changed by gene transcription factors. Lithium treatment has been found to ... Silver M, Factor S (2015). "Chapter 12: VPA, lithium, amiodarone, and other non-DA". In Friedman J (ed.). Medication-Induced ...
Tumor microenvironments like hypoxia activate transcription factors like the hypoxia-inducible factor to promote the ... ChREBP is a transcription factor that regulates expression of the L isozyme of pyruvate kinase. A glucose-sensing module ... Once in the nucleus, its DNA binding domains activate pyruvate kinase transcription. Therefore, high glucose and low cAMP ... Ortega-Prieto, Paula; Postic, Catherine (2019). "Carbohydrate Sensing Through the Transcription Factor ChREBP". Frontiers in ...
... family is tightly regulated itself by a myriad of factors including transcription factors Sp1 and CCAAT box binding factor (CBF ... a thiazolidinedione known to activate the glycerol biogenesis pathway, increases PDK4 mRNA transcription in white adipose ... Other factors, such as insulin, directly downregulate both PDK2 and PDK4 mRNA transcription. This is done through a proposed ... Short-term fasting induces an increase in PDK4 transcription by about 10-fold. Upon refeeding, transcription of PDK4 increased ...
Transcription factor p53 is a tumor suppressor acting by activating genes involved in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Its ... Transcription factor NF-kB in unstimulated cells is inactivated by IkBa inhibitor protein binding. The activation of NF-kB is ... Ubiquitin-like 1-activating enzyme E1B (UBLE1B) also known as SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 2 (SAE2) is an enzyme that in ... SUMO activating enzyme (E1, heterodimer of SAE1 and UBA2) catalyzes the reaction of activating SUMO-1 and transferring it to ...
This protein also phosphorylates histone, casein, and the transcription factors ATF2 (activating transcription factor 2) and C- ... Valbuena A, Vega FM, Blanco S, Lazo PA (2006). "p53 downregulates its activating vaccinia-related kinase 1, forming a new ... Sevilla A, Santos CR, Vega FM, Lazo PA (2004). "Human vaccinia-related kinase 1 (VRK1) activates the ATF2 transcriptional ... 2000). "Stress-induced activation of protein kinase CK2 by direct interaction with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase". J. ...
This is also a key factor for activating its own transcription by binding to its own promoting region. Pruess, D. L.; Kellett, ...
... a novel transcription factor with an Elf-1 like DNA binding domain but distinct transcriptional activating properties". ... "Myeloid Elf-1-like factor, an ETS transcription factor, up-regulates lysozyme transcription in epithelial cells through ... "Entrez Gene: ELF4 E74-like factor 4 (ets domain transcription factor)". Liu Y, Hedvat CV, Mao S, Zhu XH, Yao J, Nguyen H, Koff ... ETS-related transcription factor Elf-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ELF4 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ...
... the expression of genes by binding to and activating a repressor transcription factor. The repressor in turn binds to a gene's ... dragon database for human transcription co-factors and transcription factor interacting proteins". Nucleic Acids Res. 39 ( ... such as transcription factor II B. Corepressors are known to regulate transcription through different activation and ... segment of DNA to which a transcription factor binds to regulate gene expression), thereby blocking transcription of that gene ...
Mutations to CDK7 prevent interaction with the basal transcription factor, TFIIH, and formation of CDK-activating kinase ... The steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) protein is a transcription factor involved in sex determination by controlling the activity ... It can form a transcriptional complex with TDF to up-regulate transcription of the Sox9 gene. Its targets include genes at ... Transcription capacity of SF-1 can be influenced by post-translational modification. Specifically, phosphorylation of serine ...
In a study by Razaghi et al, amino acid starvation activated the transcription factor Gcn4p, resulting in transcriptional ... Gcn4 is a highly conserved protein and its mammalian homolog is known as activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4). ... Gcn4 is a transcription factor and a "master regulator" for gene expression which regulates close to one tenth of the yeast ... DNA-binding protein Transcription factor Razaghi, Ali; Huerlimann, Roger; Owens, Leigh; Heimann, Kirsten (1 December 2015). " ...
Data from patients suggest that aberrant levels of activating transcription factor in the nucleus of melanoma cells are ... Bhoumik A, Jones N, Ronai Z (March 2004). "Transcriptional switch by activating transcription factor 2-derived peptide ... studies from mice on skin cancer tend to confirm a role for activating transcription factor-2 in cancer progression. Cancer ... An alternative reading frame mutation in this gene leads to the destabilization of p53, a transcription factor involved in ...
"Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2 inhibits the motility of a human glial tumor cell line by activating RhoA". ... Oligodendrocyte transcription factor (OLIG2) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor encoded by the OLIG2 gene ... Lin YW, Deveney R, Barbara M, Iscove NN, Nimer SD, Slape C, Aplan PD (Aug 2005). "OLIG2 (BHLHB1), a bHLH transcription factor, ... Lin YW, Deveney R, Barbara M, Iscove NN, Nimer SD, Slape C, Aplan PD (Aug 2005). "OLIG2 (BHLHB1), a bHLH transcription factor, ...
Hsu SH, Hsieh-Li HM, Huang HY, Huang PH, Li H (May 2005). "bHLH-zip transcription factor Spz1 mediates mitogen-activated ...
Choi SJ, Park SY, Han TH (Jul 2001). "14-3-3tau associates with and activates the MEF2D transcription factor during muscle cell ... Choi SJ, Park SY, Han TH (Jul 2001). "14-3-3tau associates with and activates the MEF2D transcription factor during muscle cell ... "Entrez Gene: MEF2D MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2, polypeptide D (myocyte enhancer factor 2D)". Youn HD, Liu JO (Jul ... Youn HD, Sun L, Prywes R, Liu JO (Oct 1999). "Apoptosis of T cells mediated by Ca2+-induced release of the transcription factor ...
Another transcription factor NF-κB, which is also activated by UV light, also increases the expression of MMP-9. The up- ... UV radiation activates the transcription factor, NF-κB, which is the first step in inflammation. NF-κB activation results in ... The nuclear transcription factor activator protein, AP-1, which controls the transcription of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), ... vascular endothelial growth factor) by epidermal substitutes and tissue remodeling factors (tissue inhibitor of ...
... interferon regulatory factor 3) and other transcription factors to the nucleus. Translocated transcription factors activate ... The primary transcription first transcribes mRNAs from the genomic S and L RNAs, which code NP and L proteins, respectively. ... When the cell is infected by the virus, L polymerase is associated with the viral RNP and initiates the transcription of the ... Transcription terminates at the stem-loop (SL) structure within the intergenomic region. Arenaviruses use a cap snatching ...
It acts as a transcription factor and activates several genes required for amino acid synthesis. Recently GCN2 has also been ... The molecular mechanisms governing this function are not yet known, but a basic zipper transcription factor called ATF4 is a ... Eukaryotic initiation factors The three subunits of eIF2: α - EIF2S1 β - EIF2S2 γ - EIF2S3 Kinases of eIF2 HRI (Heme-regulated ... Subsequently, GCN2 is activated. GCN2 activation results from a conformation that facilitates ATP binding, leading to ...
Tang TT, Dowbenko D, Jackson A, Toney L, Lewin DA, Dent AL, Lasky LA (2002). "The forkhead transcription factor AFX activates ... FOXO transcription factors have been shown to be the down downstream effector molecules of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) ... Tang TT, Lasky LA (2003). "The forkhead transcription factor FOXO4 induces the down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 ... transcription factors by multiple pathways, one of which includes the binding of FOXO to the survival factor Mcl-1". J. Leukoc ...
2014) Arabidopsis WRKY45 Transcription Factor Activates PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1;1 Expression in Response to Phosphate Starvation ... Like many transcription factors, WRKY transcription factors are defined by the presence of a DNA-binding domain; in this case, ... WRKY transcription factors (pronounced 'worky') are proteins that bind DNA. They are transcription factors that regulate many ... 73(2). 302-313 WRKY family at PlantTFDB: Plant Transcription Factor Database WRKY family at Plant Transcription Factor Database ...
β-catenin binds to transcription factors such as the protein TCF4 and in combination the molecules activate the necessary genes ... However, the Gli transcription factors that are regulated by SHH take their name from gliomas, where they are highly expressed ... A branch of the Notch signaling pathway that involves the transcription factor Hes3 regulates a number of cultured cells with ... Wang H, Agarwal P, Zhao S, Yu J, Lu X, He X (January 2016). "A Near-Infrared Laser-Activated "Nanobomb" for Breaking the ...
IL-6 activates the CCAAT enhancer-binding protein transcription factors which activate MDR1 gene expression (see Alteration of ... MDR1 is activated through NF-κB, a protein complex which acts as a transcription factor. In the rat, an NF-κB binding site is ... "NF-κB transcription factor induces drug resistance through MDR1 expression in cancer cells". Oncogene. 22 (1): 90-97. doi: ... Studies have found that the MDR1 gene can be activated and overexpressed in response to pharmaceutical drugs, thus forming the ...
... which has been attributed to the activation of specific transcription factors. It also depends on the activity of a protein or ... October 2005). "The contribution of apoptosis-inducing factor, caspase-activated DNase, and inhibitor of caspase-activated ... Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene ... It is also known as caspase activated nuclease (CPAN), dna fragmentation factor 40 (DFF-40), DFF2 and DFFB. Besides, there are ...
... activity also leads to the stabilization of the transcription factor Swi5, leading to an upregulation of Sic1 ... Cdh1 associates with the APC and leads to APC activity (anaphase promoting complex); activated APC is a key driver in mitotic ... Cdc14 also dephosphorylates Swi5 to enhance transcription of Sic1, an inhibitor of Cdk1. This "simple" mitotic exit model ... "Cdc14 inhibits transcription by RNA polymerase I during anaphase". Nature. 458 (7235): 219-22. Bibcode:2009Natur.458..219C. doi ...
The transactivation of c-Jun results in the transcription of pro-apoptotic factors TFF-a, Fas-L and Bak. The importance of ... The cleaved death domain of p75NTR activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). The activated JNK translocates into the nucleus, ... Nerve growth factor (NGF), the prototypical growth factor, is a protein secreted by a neuron's target cell. NGF is critical for ... Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic factor found originally in the brain, but also found in the ...
After a cascade of cellular interactions nuclear transcription factors binds to the DNA and new enzymes will be made. This ... Due to de binding of cerberin, specific second messengers can be activated. ... This makes the renal function an important factor in the toxicity of digoxin and perhaps for cerberin as well. There is very ...
NFAT is a transcription factor that activates the transcription of a pleiotropic set of genes, most notable, IL-2, a cytokine ... DAG binds and activates some PKCs. Most important in T cells is PKC-θ, critical for activating the transcription factors NF-κB ... Both subsets require the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 which can be used to identify the cells. Mutations of the ... This aggregated cytosolic calcium binds calmodulin, which can then activate calcineurin. Calcineurin, in turn, activates NFAT, ...
TAK1 can then activate two transcription pathways, the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and the mitogen-activated protein ... IRF7 is a transcription factor that translocates into the nucleus when activated and initiates transcription of IFN-α. IRAK-1 ... Phosphorylated JNK/p38 can then translocate into the nucleus and phosphorylate and activate transcription factors such as c-Fos ... IL-10 transcription is activated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). IRAK-1 forms a complex with ...
... associated protein 7 associates with template activating factor-Ibeta and inhibits histone acetylation to repress transcription ... 2005). "Human THAP7 is a chromatin-associated, histone tail-binding protein that represses transcription via recruitment of ...
"The centrosomal protein nephrocystin-6 is mutated in Joubert syndrome and activates transcription factor ATF4". Nat Genet. 38 ( ...
This results in a transcription factor cascade: maternal factors activate gap or pair-rule genes; gap and pair-rule genes ... The protein product of each Hox gene is a transcription factor. Each Hox gene contains a well-conserved DNA sequence known as ... Hox genes are thus a subset of the homeobox transcription factor genes. In many animals, the organization of the Hox genes in ... Hox proteins are a subset of transcription factors, which are proteins that are capable of binding to specific nucleotide ...
This kinase is activated through its phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinases (MKKs), preferably by MKK6. Transcription factor ... suppresses MAPK11-mediated activating transcription factor-2 activation and represses TNF gene expression". J. Immunol. 173 (6 ... Deak M, Clifton AD, Lucocq LM, Alessi DR (1998). "Mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase-1 (MSK1) is directly activated ... a major pneumococcal virulence factor, involves calcium influx and depends on activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein ...