This intraband absorption is different from interband absorption because the excited carrier is already in an excited band, ... Free carrier absorption occurs when a material absorbs a photon, and a carrier (electron or hole) is excited from an already- ... In interband absorption, the carrier starts in a fixed, nonconducting band and is excited to a conducting one. In the simplest ... It is worth noting that the absorption coefficient is negative when the material supports stimulated emission, which is the ...
... (LAS) refers to techniques that use lasers to assess the concentration or amount of a species in ... Laser absorption spectrometry has become the foremost used technique for quantitative assessments of atoms and molecules in gas ... Direct laser absorption spectrometric (DLAS) techniques are therefore often limited to detection of absorbance ~10−3, which is ... The most common technique is tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) which has become commercialized and is used ...
The absorption rate constant Ka is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system ... It is expressed in units of time−1. The Ka is related to the absorption half-life (t1/2a) per the following equation: Ka = ln(2 ...
In physics, absorption cross section is a measure for the probability of an absorption process. More generally, the term cross ... the absorption cross-section of the target material can be calculated from mass absorption coefficient using: σ = ( μ / ρ ) m a ... The absorption cross-section is closely related to molar absorptivity ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } and mass absorption ... Note that light in this context is described as consisting of particles, i.e., photons.) Typical absorption cross section has ...
... (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which energy is absorbed per unit mass by a human body when exposed ... The SAR value is then measured at the location that has the highest absorption rate in the entire head, which in the case of a ... "Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) For Cell Phones: What It Means For You". Federal Communications Commission. 19 May 2011. ... The FCC guide "Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) For Cell Phones: What It Means For You", after detailing the limitations of SAR ...
... and saturable absorption (or nonlinear absorption) occurs. Many approaches can potentially quantify radiation absorption, with ... Absorption spectroscopy Albedo Attenuation Electromagnetic absorption by water Hydroxyl ion absorption Optoelectronics ... Although the absorption of waves does not usually depend on their intensity (linear absorption), in certain conditions (optics ... A few examples of absorption are ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. ...
... is based on absorption of light by free metallic ions. In analytical chemistry the technique is ... Total absorption is measured with normal lamp current, i.e., with a narrow emission line, and background absorption after ... Absorption spectroscopy Beer-Lambert law Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Laser absorption spectrometry "TAS-990 ... All these phenomena, molecular absorption and radiation scattering, can result in artificially high absorption and an ...
... s are a class of compounds that prevent the uptake of cholesterol from the small intestine into ... Phytosterols are also cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Viscous soluble fiber is available in foods or fiber supplements and ... As a class, cholesterol absorption inhibitors block the uptake of micellar cholesterol, thereby reducing the incorporation of ... Managing cholesterol at the site of absorption is an increasingly popular strategy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia[ ...
In mathematics, the limiting absorption principle (LAP) is a concept from operator theory and scattering theory that consists ... This idea is credited to Vladimir Ignatowski, who was considering the propagation and absorption of the electromagnetic waves ... The relation to absorption can be traced to the expression E ( t , x ) = A e i ( ω t + ϰ x ) {\displaystyle E(t,x)=Ae^{i(\omega ... both the limiting absorption principle and the limiting amplitude principle - was introduced by Aleksei Sveshnikov. To find ...
... is the absorption in optical fibers of electromagnetic radiation, including the near-infrared, due to ... Electromagnetic absorption by water This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General ...
In contrast to a type I absorption heat pump an absorption heat transformer operates in reverse. The difference with absorption ... Such a device is also denominated type II absorption heat pump or booster heat pump. Absorption heat transformers are ... An absorption heat transformer (AHT) is a device which transfers heat from an intermediate temperature level to a high ... The absorption heat transformer splits a heat flow Q ˙ 1 {\displaystyle {\dot {Q}}_{1}} at an intermediate temperature level T ...
... is a method used to determine the amount of time an object has been underground. Fluorine absorption ... Although this can be compensated for by including the estimated rate of absorption in calculations, such accommodations tend to ...
εm = ε⁄M where εm = Mass absorption coefficient ε = Molar absorption coefficient M = Molar mass of the absorbing species In ... The mass absorption coefficient is equal to the molar absorption coefficient divided by the molar mass of the absorbing species ... If the molar absorption coefficient is known, it can be used to determine the concentration of a protein in solution. "Chapter ... The molar absorption coefficient is also known as the molar extinction coefficient and molar absorptivity, but the use of these ...
Heat pump Absorption refrigerator Absorption heat transformer Solar air conditioning "Absorption heat pump / Industrial Heat ... "Absorption heat pump Type2". industrial.hitachiaircon.com. Retrieved 2020-07-14. "Absorption Heat Pumps". Energy.gov. Retrieved ... Ammonia is the refrigerant and water the absorption medium. In the absorber and generator, the absorption or effect of the ... The absorption heat pump can be used as a cooler during summer while, during winter, it can be used on heat pump or heat ...
An electro-absorption modulator (EAM) is a semiconductor device which can be used for modulating the intensity of a laser beam ... Here, the NIR absorption of undoped quantum well was modulated by strong electric field with frequencies between 1.5 and 3.9 ... Its principle of operation is based on the Franz-Keldysh effect, i.e., a change in the absorption spectrum caused by an applied ... dependent NIR absorption line. The THz field generated a coherent quantum superposition of an absorbing and a nonabsorbing ...
... of Rubidium Daryl W. Preston (November 1996). "Doppler-free saturated absorption: Laser ... and its absorption falls. These crossover peaks can be quite strong, often stronger than the main saturated absorption peaks. ... The absorption of the probe beam is recorded on a photodiode for various frequencies of the beams. Although the two beams are ... The distribution of absorption as a function of the pulsation will therefore be proportional to a Gaussian with full width at ...
The classic example of and industry using this type of absorption are gold jewelers the typical absorption rate varies from 2-5 ... This process of distribution of overheads is called absorption. There can be a number of methods of absorption of overheads, ... Absorption costing is a means of incorporating a fair share of indirect cost or overheads into the cost of a unit of product or ... Total absorption costing (TAC) is a method of Accounting cost which entails the full cost of manufacturing or providing a ...
... and the absorption spectra are dominated by EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure), where the scattering of the ... "Introduction to X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS)", X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy for the Chemical and Materials Sciences ... X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used technique for determining the local geometric and/or electronic structure ... XAS is a type of absorption spectroscopy from a core initial state with a well defined symmetry; therefore, the quantum ...
... spectroscopy (GFAAS) (also known as Electrothermal Atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS)) ... GFAAs are more sensitive than flame atomic absorption spectrometers, and have a smaller dynamic range. This makes it necessary ... The main advantages of the graphite furnace comparing to aspiration atomic absorption are the following: The detection limits ... ASTM E1184-10: "Standard Practice for Determination of Elements by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry." ASTM D3919 ...
UV-Vis absorption SEC is a recent technique that is continuously evolving. However, many advantages have been observed over ... UV-Vis absorption SEC has been used mainly in different research fields such as: Sensor development. Reaction mechanisms. ... UV-Vis absorption SEC in normal arrangement can be performed using both transmission and reflection phenomena. Normal ... UV-Vis absorption SEC allows qualitative analysis, through the characterization of the different present compounds, and ...
D-xylose is a monosaccharide, or simple sugar, that does not require enzymes for digestion prior to absorption. Its absorption ... D-xylose absorption test is a medical test performed to diagnose conditions that present with malabsorption of the proximal ... In cases of bacterial overgrowth, the values of D-xylose absorption return to normal after treatment with antibiotics. In ... D-xylose absorption MedlinePlus. Accessed 19 Dec 2012. (All articles with unsourced statements, Articles with unsourced ...
The first is to pull the absorption cross section out of the integral by assuming that it does not change significantly with ... In atmospheric chemistry, differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is used to measure concentrations of trace gases ... Platt, U.; Stutz, J. (2008). Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy. Springer. Richter, A.; M. Eisinger; A. Ladstätter- ... is the absorption and scattering cross section and s is the path. The subscript i denotes different species, assuming that the ...
Laser absorption spectrometry Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy Optical system Absorption spectroscopy Infrared ... Multiple-pass or long path absorption cells are commonly used in spectroscopy to measure low-concentration components or to ... Thoma (1994). "A multiple-reflection cell suited for absorption measurements in shock tubes". Shock Waves. 4 (1): 51. Bibcode: ... "IRcell-S - multipass cell without absorption mask". Fast, broadband and high-resolution dual-comb spectrometers - IRsweep. 2019 ...
The absorption of electromagnetic radiation by water depends on the state of the water. The absorption in the gas phase occurs ... water absorption bands (around 940nm, 1100nm, 1450nm, 1950nm and 2500nm) and carbon dioxide absorption bands (1400nm, 1600nm ... Dielectric spectroscopy Differential optical absorption spectroscopy Hydroxyl ion absorption in optical fiber Water model John ... High resolution gas-phase absorption simulations Water absorption spectrum (Martin Chaplin) (archived version) (CS1 errors: ...
... (XAFS) is a specific structure observed in X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). By analyzing ... X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy corresponds to the transition from a core-level to an unoccupied orbital or band and mainly ... X-ray Absorption: principles, applications and techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS and XANES, edited by D.C. Koeningsberger, R. Prins, ... The atomic X-ray absorption spectrum (XAS) of a core-level in an absorbing atom is separated into states in the discrete part ...
The inverse process is cooperative absorption, in which a photon can be absorbed by a coupled pair of two ions, making them ... Dexter, D. L. (1962-06-15). "Cooperative Optical Absorption in Solids". Physical Review. American Physical Society (APS). 126 ( ...
Here two different absorption lines for the same species are probed while sweeping the laser across the absorption spectrum, ... The focus here is on a single absorption line in the absorption spectrum of a particular species of interest. To start, the ... Absorption spectroscopy "nanoplus, Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS)". nanoplus.com. Retrieved 2020-05-17. ... The main disadvantage of absorption spectrometry (AS) as well as laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) in general is that it ...
The fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test is a diagnostic test for syphilis. Using antibodies specific for ...
... and CH4 absorption. CIA absorption of H2-X collisional complexes is thus an important diagnostic of high-gravity and low- ... Collision-induced absorption by H2-H2 and H2-He transient complexes will be a more or less important opacity source of their ... Collision-induced absorption (CIA) and emission (CIE) spectra are well known in the microwave and infrared regions of the ... Collision-induced absorption and emission is particularly important in dense gases, such as hydrogen and helium clouds found in ...
In atomic physics, non-degenerate two-photon absorption (ND-TPA or ND-2PA) or two-color two-photon excitation is a type of two- ... Beer's law describes the decay in intensity due to one-photon absorption: I ( z ) = I 0 e − α z {\displaystyle I(z)=I_{0}e^{-\ ... The probability of ND-TPA is quantified as the non-degenerate two-photon absorption cross section (ND-TPACS) and is an inherent ... ND-TPACS has been measured using Z-scan (pump-probe) techniques, which measure the laser intensity decrease due to absorption, ...