Bardoxolone methyl inhibits the infection of rabies virus via Nrf2 pathway activation in vitro Rabies is a widespread, fatal, ... Alfalfa vein mottling virus, a novel potyvirid infecting Medicago sativa L. We have recently identified a novel virus detected ... RhoA suppresses pseudorabies virus replication in vitro The porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) is one of the most devastating ... Influenza A virus (IAV) is the only influenza virus causing flu pandemics (i.e., global epidemics of flu disease). Influenza ( ...

However, synthesis of IP-10 and IL-8, which are established markers for acute-stage SARS, escapes the virus-induced silencing ... A comparison with established cytokine-inducing viruses revealed that SARS-CoV only weakly triggered a cytokine response. In ... Taken together, these data demonstrate that, in contrast to the other viruses tested, SARS-CoV suppresses the activation of the ... Bunyamwera delNSs virus [35], Sendai virus and Newcastle disease virus were used as controls. ...

During hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the UPS is shown to act as a double-edged sword in viral pathogenesis. On the one ... In the presence of p53, HBx increased the ubiquitination of β-catenin via the activation of a p53-Siah-1 proteasome pathway. In ... Hepatitis B virus X protein activates E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah-1 to control virus propagation via a negative feedback loop. J ... Hepatitis B virus X protein-elevated MSL2 modulates hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA by inducing degradation of ...

This low-level virus production was found to be due to the presence of a unique mutation (GU-to-GC) in the conserved 5′-major ... In this study, we have attempted to characterize these viruses of an ART-treated patient in vitro in order to gain insights ... The activation state of these cells may remain confined in-between the resting and the fully activated states, allowing the ... Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu modifies viral cytopathic effect through augmented virus release. J Gen Virol. 1997;78( ...

The US11 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a small, highly basic phosphoprotein expressed at late times during ... Peters GA, Khoo D, Mohr I, Sen GC: Inhibition of PACT-mediated activation of PKR by the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 ... a herpes simplex virus type 1-encoded double-stranded RNA binding protein that prevents PKR activation. J Virol 2002, 76: 11971 ... Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a large DNA virus that latently infects neurons and periodically reinitiates productive ...

... is a highly pathogenic virus associated with severe disease and mortality rates as high as 90%. Outbreaks of MARV are sporadic ... descriptions of human pathogenesis and aims to evaluate their effectiveness in modeling important aspects of Marburg virus ... Protection against Marburg virus using a recombinant VSV-vaccine depends on T and B cell activation. Front Immunol. 2018;9:3071 ... Marburg virus (MARV) is the causative agent of Marburg virus disease (MVD) in humans, with a case fatality rate ranging from 23 ...

... were also greater in CEFs than in DEFs in response to infection to both viruses or treatment with poly(I:C). However, unlike ... beta was upregulated in both CEFs and DEFs infected with SS-10 and NH-10 viruses or treated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic ... or exhibit only mild symptoms following NDV infection and are thus regarded as potential long-term reservoirs of the virus, ... Chickens and ducks are major hosts of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with distinct responses to infection. However, whereas ...

Core protein is thought to trigger activation of multiple signaling pathways and play a significant role in the alteration of ... Prevalence of mutations in hepatitis C virus core protein associated with alteration of NF-kB activation. Virus Research 2006, ... Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Core protein is thought to trigger activation of multiple signaling pathways and play a significant ... Kim M, Shin D, Kim SI, Park M: Inhibition of hepatitis C virus gene expression by small interfering RNAs using a tri-cistronic ...

Differential activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 transcription by specific T-cell activation signals. J ... Activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells by human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 accessory protein p12(I). J Virol 2002, ... This perturbation induced Akt and Bad phosphorylation via activation of PI3K. The activation of the Akt/Bad pathway generates a ... motif in human T lymphotropic virus type 1 p12I functions to modulate nuclear factor of activated T cell activation. J Biol ...

Herpes Simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latency and recurrent reactivation in the sensory neurons of trigeminal ... Activation of immediate-early, early, and late promoters by temperature-sensitive and wild-type forms of herpes simplex virus ... A herpes simplex virus type 1 function continuously required for early and late virus RNA synthesis. Nature. 1980;285:329-30. ... Virus and cells. HSV-1 strain 17+ was used to infect mouse and tree shrews. Viral culture was performed in Vero cells and ...

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) is a complex retrovirus and the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency ... Bour S, Perrin C, Akari H, Strebel K: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein inhibits NF-kappa B activation by ... The human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific protein vpu is required for efficient virus maturation and release. J Virol ... Tyagi S, Surjit M, Kar-Roy A, Jameel S, Lal SK: The ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus interacts with liver-specific α 1 - ...

These above data suggested that the swine virus was NDV and it might be generated from La Sota. ... Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) has been considered to only infect avian species. However, one paramyxovirus named as Xiny10 was ... of the cleavage-activation site of the fusion glycoprotein between virulent and avirulent strains of Newcastle disease virus. ... These above data suggested that the swine virus might be generated from La Sota because it has been widely used as live virus ...

Cleavage of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein at two distinct sites is required for activation of membrane ... Caveolin-1 is incorporated into mature respiratory syncytial virus particles during virus assembly on the surface of virus- ... Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus infections: observations from tissues of fatal infant cases. Pediatr Infect Dis ... Cleavage of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein is required for its surface expression: role of furin. Virus Res. ...

Yoon SH, Cho HI, Kim TG: Activation of B cells using Schneider 2 cells expressing CD40L for the enhancement of antigen ... Akbar SM, Horiike N, Onji M: Immune therapy including dendritic cell based therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. ... Shi M, Qian S, Chen WW, Zhang H, Zhang B, Tang ZR, Zhang Z, Wang FS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigen-pulsed monocyte-derived ... Activation of B cells by sCD40L. PBMCs were plated in wells of 6-well plates (8 × 106 cells in 4 ml per well) in IMDM ...

Four chimeric rVHSVdk viruses with the substitutions of the G, NV, G and NV, or G, NV and L genes from the avirulent pVHSVmi ... Most viruses in the European VHSV genotype Ia are highly virulent for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), whereas, VHSV ... genotype IVb viruses from the Great Lakes region in the United States, which caused high mortality in wild freshwater fish ... Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), a fish rhabdovirus belonging to the Novirhabdovirus genus, causes severe disease and ...

Virus neutralization assays were used to evaluate potential antigenic differences between this strain and a vaccine strain and ... The genomes of two unrelated viruses from a dog and fox each from a different state were sequenced and aligned with previously ... Samples were amplified in a thermal cycler (GenePro, BIOER Technology, China) with a RT step at 50 °C for 30 min., activation ... The virus is highly labile outside of the host, so cross-species transmission occasionally occurs, thus the virus could be ...

To develop a novel DNA vaccine with high efficacy against PCV2d virus, we fused the ORF2 of PCV2d to three copies of the ... bovine viral diarrhea virus [31], and swine influenza virus [32], however, this is the first study to assess C3d fusion to PCV2 ... coupled with three C3d molecules greatly reduced the activation threshold of B cells, increased the immunogenicity of HEL by ... Zhao K, Duan X, Hao L, Wang X, Wang Y. Immune effect of Newcastle disease virus DNA vaccine with C3d as a molecular adjuvant. J ...

... gene of influenza A/H5N1 virus was inserted into the LaSota Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain. Following a challenge ... A goal of many research works is to produce universal vaccines that can induce protective immunity to influenza A viruses of ... In this study, mice were vaccinated with recombinant virus vaccine (rL H5), in which the hemagglutinin (HA) ... The antibodies to influenza virus were detected using hemagglutination inhibition (HI). The lung viral loads, lung cytokine ...

... quantitative PCR results demonstrated high expression of an actin-binding Rho-activating protein in the latter stages of virus- ... is a pathogenic fish virus belonging to family Alloherpesviridae. The CyHV-2 gene encoding thymidine kinase (TK) is an ... Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus activation of the integrin α5β1-FAK-cofilin pathway causes cytoskeletal ... virus replication, virus assembly, virus release, and virus transmission. Studies have shown that actins including Profilins [ ...

It is important for the control of AI to assess whether the H9N2 virus acquires pathogenicity as H5 and H7 viruses. In the ... It has been difficult to eradicate the H9N2 virus because of its low pathogenicity, frequently causing in apparent infection. ... More than 75% of chickens inoculated intravenously with the passaged virus, rgY55sub-P10 (H9N2), died, indicating that it is ... The present results demonstrate that an H9N2 virus has the potential to acquire intravenous pathogenicity in chickens although ...

Cleaving the S protein into the S1 and S2 subunits exposes the RBD of the S1 subunit, allowing the virus to recognize and bind ... Martins Lima A, Xavier C, Ferreira A, Raizada M, Wallukat G, Velloso E, dos Santos R, Fontes M. Activation of angiotensin- ... Omicrons R0 could be as high as 10, indicating a more contagious phenotype than earlier virus variants. Omicron has become the ... Another pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 is related to the fact that the virus damages contractility by disrupting gene ...

Notably, we also found correlates between the frequency of CD4+ T-cells, their activation status and viral parameters, which ... and requires assays measuring virus particle production or transcribed HIV mRNA following activation of latently HIV-infected ... In vivo activation of latent HIV with a synthetic bryostatin analog effects both latent cell "kick" and "kill" in strategy for ... Rochat, MA., Schlaepfer, E., Kuster, S.P. et al. Monitoring HIV DNA and cellular activation markers in HIV-infected humanized ...

... virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. Therefore, real-time RT-PCR ( ... Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in Asia and Africa. ZIKV infection diagnosis ... C for reverse transcriptase inactivation and DNA polymerase activation followed by 40 amplification cycles of 15 sec at 95°C ... et notes sur lépidémiologie des virus transmis par les Aedes , en particulier du virus amaril. Cah ORSTOM ser Ent med et ...

... and single-stranded DNA virus, and it is a crucial swine pathogen of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). PCV2 was ... 1C). The result indicated the stability of virus-infected cells. The virus was detected with bands at 28.0 kDa by Western blot ... Wei L, Zhu S, Wang J, Liu J. Activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway during porcine circovirus ... Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV), and Porcine Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) [5, 35,36,37,38]. ...

Lentz MR: A carboxyl-terminal serine of the bovine papillomavirus E1 protein is phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro. Virus Res ... Olashaw N, Pledger WJ: Paradigms of growth control: relation to Cdk activation. Sci STKE 2002,2002(134):RE7. ... Gilbert DM, Cohen SN: Bovine papilloma virus plasmids replicate randomly in mouse fibroblasts throughout S phase of the cell ... Wilson VG, West M, Woytek K, Rangasamy D: Papillomavirus E1 proteins: form, function, and features. Virus Genes 2002,24(3):275- ...

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is an important macrophage-tropic lentivirus that has been widely used as a practical ... Most knowledge regarding the interaction between tetherin and viruses has been obtained using the primate lentiviral system. ... model for investigating the evolution of the host-virus relationship. The host range of EIAV is reported to include all members ... Tetherin is an interferon-inducible host cell factor that blocks the viral particle release of the enveloped viruses. ...

The NS gene of mink/84 appears to have contributed to the virulence of the virus in mink by helping the virus evade the innate ... In poly I:C stimulated mink lung cells the NS1 protein of influenza A virus showing high pathogenicity in mink down regulated ... Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between the viruses studied. Our study also showed that there are no ... the type I interferon promoter activity to a greater extent than the NS1 protein of the virus showing low pathogenicity in mink ...

Herpes simplex virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections, the discovery of AAV vectors with strong tropism for ... Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAV) are one of the leading vectors for gene therapy applications that deliver gene- ... As long-lived viral DNA within specific cellular reservoirs is responsible for persistent hepatitis B virus, ... Gene delivery of antiviral therapeutics to anatomical sites where viruses accumulate and persist is a promising approach for ...