The downregulation of UBE2D2 will result in abnormal activation of MAVS and RIG-I signal and virus clearance. These findings ... Also, the activation of the MAPK pathway will result in the activation of the NF-κB signal pathway, which will stimulate the ... Virus was harvested, and the titer was determined on 293T cells at the indicated time points. Data are shown as from three ... Cell and Virus Culture. Human primary lung fibroblasts (IMR-90) and human 293T cells were grown in Dulbeccos modified Eagles ...

To investigate the involvement of stem cells in Epstein-Barr virus infection-related nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we used ... Environmental factors may have some effects on virus activation resulting in the difference of CD44v6 and CD24 expression ... D. Li, L. Zheng, L. Jin et al., "CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection," ... S. Kondo, N. Wakisaka, M. Muramatsu et al., "Epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 1 induces cancer stem/progenitor-like ...

... conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate ... Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is ... and its activation requires both the androgen receptor (AR) and its ligand, androgen, to be present. PB, a rat prostate protein ... Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a ...

... can be partially ascribed to the persistent immune activation and chronic inflammation characterizing these individuals. The ... J. L. Fahey, "Plasma immune activation markers, and clinically relevant surrogate markers in human immunodeficiency virus ... J. Tian, A. M. Avalos, S.-Y. Mao et al., "Toll-like receptor 9-dependent activation by DNA-containing immune complexes is ... J. M. Brenchley, D. A. Price, T. W. Schacker et al., "Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in ...

Capsazepine decreased circulating but not spleen F4/80,sup,+,/sup,Ly6G,sup,+,/sup, cell numbers as well as activation of both ... cell numbers and blood NK and NKT activation. However, capsazepine diminished CD69 expression in spleen NKT but not NK cells. ... Mice were culled on day 7 after infection and blood and spleen cell phenotype and activation were evaluated. ... However, it was recently suggested in a model of infection caused by vaccinia virus inoculation in C57BL/6 mice that F4/80+Ly6G ...

... a rare demyelinating disease induced by the activation of the latent John Cunningham (JC) virus. PML primarily occurs in ... J. Gust, K. A. Hay, L. A. Hanafi et al., "Endothelial activation and blood-brain barrier disruption in neurotoxicity after ... The angiopoietin (ANG)-TIE2 axis, a pathway that regulates the endothelial cell quiescence and activation, has been described ... to improve the activation of T cells and enhance the immune response to cancer cells. Pembrolizumab (Keytruda), a humanized ...

A. C. Chin, W. Y. Lee, A. Nusrat, N. Vergnolle, and C. A. Parkos, "Neutrophil-mediated activation of epithelial protease- ... The intestinal epithelium mainly expresses JAM-A, JAM-C, JAM4, Coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and the more ... hepatitis C virus infection disrupts tight junctions and diminishes the canalicular density in infected livers [75]. Some ... a possible function of CD47 in modulating leukocyte integrin activation from the epithelium has not been reported. ...

ELAVL1 possibly acts as a key regulator of T cell activation via the NLR signaling pathway. APP might be a downstream effector ... Further, ELAVL1 expression correlating with multiple T cell proportions suggests that ELAVL1 may regulate T cell activation. ... and viruses [55]. However, continuous T cell activation will aggravate inflammatory damage [2] and will even lead to the ... In mice, NOD1 and NOD2 signaling are involved in the activation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells [45]. NOD2 also can drive CD8+ T ...

... persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered ... Oncolytic viruses have the ability to prolong their duration and directly attack tumor cells [77, 78], which might have great ... Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) as a method of reprogramming is used to recover the activation of senescent T cells by acquiring ... It is engineered with an activation inducible element such as a nuclear factor of the activated T cell (NFAT)-responsive ...

"Epstein-Barr virus lytic reactivation activates B cells polyclonally and induces activation-induced cytidine deaminase ... Recent in vitro studies suggest that the reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) might play a role in the development of GD ... K. Nagata, S. Hara, Y. Nakayama et al., "Epstein-Barr virus lytic reactivation induces IgG4 production by host B lymphocytes in ... M. Sugimoto, H. Watanabe, T. Asano et al., "Possible participation of IgG4 in the activation of complement in IgG4-related ...

It is caused by any of four ,i,Dengue virus,/i, types or serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) and is transmitted by mosquitoes from the ... and adhesion molecules during endothelial cell activation induced by antibodies against dengue virus nonstructural protein 1," ... A major example is Chikungunya fever (CHIK), a disease caused by an arthropod-borne virus, the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which ... Laboratory diagnosis of dengue is based on the detection of the virus and antibodies to the virus or combined detection of ...

... and activation in neurocognition-related brain regions in aging and OSA patients [150, 208-210]. Decreased cerebral activation ... viruses, bacteria, microorganisms). They help maintain and modulate inflammation and are a major source of proinflammatory ... Hence, chemoreflex activation and/or arousal in OSA increases sympathetic drive to the peripheral vasculature and enhances BP [ ... A. M. Espinosa-Oliva, R. M. de Pablos, R. F. Villarán et al., "Stress is critical for LPS-induced activation of microglia and ...

While the varicella zoster virus is rare in OLP patients [194, 195], a recent study noted a significant role for the virus in ... TLR2 activation is known to induce TH1 activation. However, there is a contrasting result from a study suggesting ... T-cell activation is central to the pathogenesis of LP. Cytotoxic T-cell infiltration into the epithelium results in apoptotic ... E. Rodriguez-Inigo, J. J. Arrieta, M. Casqueiro et al., "TT virus detection in oral Lichen Planus lesions," Journal of Medical ...

A. Kunwar, H. Narang, K. I. Priyadarsini, M. Krishna, R. Pandey, and K. B. Sainis, "Delayed activation of PKCδ and NFκB and ... M. M. Rechtman, O. Har-Noy, I. Bar-Yishay et al., "Curcumin inhibits hepatitis B virus via down-regulation of the metabolic ... S.-S. Han, Y.-S. Keum, H.-J. Seo, and Y.-J. Surh, "Curcumin suppresses activation of NF-κB and AP-1 induced by phorbol ester in ... P. Du, H. Cao, H. R. Wu et al., "Blocking Bcl-2 leads to autophagy activation and cell death of the HEPG2 liver cancer cell ...

M. Chen, L. Li, and P. S. Zheng, "SALL4 promotes the tumorigenicity of cervical cancer cells through activation of the Wnt/β- ... G. Abuduxikuer, M. Kasimu, G. Abulizi, and L. Hua, "Relationship of human papilloma virus infection, high-grade cervical ... and a carboxy-terminal activation function 2 domain that interacts with coregulators [10]. The VDR gene is located on ... andCYP2R1polymorphisms in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus-infected patients," Genetic Testing ...

Indeed, IP-10 is involved in leucocyte activation and is inducible by IFN-γ production, in the context of a long-lasting immune ... inducible protein 10; HAD: healthy adult donors; TB: tuberculosis; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus. ... This is likely due to the fact that IP-10 is a chemokine mediating leukocyte trafficking and cell activation, crucial during ... D. Portevin, F. Moukambi, P. Clowes et al., "Assessment of the novel T-cell activation marker-tuberculosis assay for diagnosis ...

Although the combination of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) with ganciclovir (GCV) has been shown as ... Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) in combination with ganciclovir (GCV) has been shown as one of the ... Several PET molecular imaging agents could be used for monitoring tumor responses to prodrug activation in gene therapy. One of ... M. E. Black, T. G. Newcomb, H. M. P. Wilson, and L. A. Loeb, "Creation of drug-specific herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine ...

In this review, we summarized the interactions of noncoding RNAs and viruses in the occurrence and development of AR, along ... Some respiratory viral infections can aggravate allergic rhinitis, such as a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human ... These viruses cause lung injury through various immune pathways, such as activation of preinflammatory mediators (including TNF ... The Interaction between miRNA and Virus Copromotes the Occurrence of AR. Infectious eukaryotic viruses play an important role ...

... leading to its activation and significant reductions in serum lipid levels. Herein, we report that inhibition of AR by ... Virus-containing supernatants were collected 48 h after infection. Viruses were recovered by ultracentrifugation at 110,000 ×g ... Our data suggest that inhibition of AR in the T2DM db/db mice led to significant activation in hepatic PPARα and significant ... N. Roglans, L. Vila, M. Farre et al., "Impairment of hepatic Stat-3 activation and reduction of PPARa activity in fructose-fed ...

D. Sir, C. F. Kuo, Y. Tian et al., "Replication of hepatitis C virus RNA on autophagosomal membranes," The Journal of ... T. Zeng, C. L. Zhang, F. Y. Song et al., "PI3K/Akt pathway activation was involved in acute ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice ... J. Y. Kim, L. Wang, J. Lee, and J. J. Ou, "Hepatitis C virus induces the localization of lipid rafts to autophagosomes for its ... M. Ait-Goughoulte, T. Kanda, K. Meyer, J. S. Ryerse, R. B. Ray, and R. Ray, "Hepatitis C virus genotype 1a growth and induction ...

The major risk factors include chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, ... L. Yan, L. della Coletta, K. L. Powell et al., "Activation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ATF3-induced mammary ... Activation of ATF-3 mainly depends on signaling pathways of MAPKs, which include ERK, JNK, and p38 kinase. To investigate ... We next determined the cleavage of PARP and activation of caspases in GS-002-treated cells. After treatment with GS-002 for 24 ...

Both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) appear to be particularly more potent in inducing oxidative stress, ... J. M. Essigmann, R. G. Croy, R. A. Bennett, and G. N. Wogan, "Metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1: patterns of DNA adduct ... gene expression and the activation of cell signaling cascades [14]. ...

V. Derangere, A. Chevriaux, F. Courtaut et al., "Liver X receptor _β_ activation induces pyroptosis of human and murine colon ... The encoded protein promotes the transcription of genes involved in the bodys response to viruses and bacteria, as well as ... B. Wang and Q. Yin, "AIM2 inflammasome activation and regulation: a structural perspective," Journal of Structural Biology, vol ... Z. Xue, Q. Xi, H. Liu et al., "miR-21 promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation to mediate pyroptosis and endotoxic shock," Cell ...

IL-27 is a member of the IL-12 family and is composed of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene3 (EBI3) and p28 subunits, which are ... IFN-γ is reported to initiate the activation of monocytes/macrophages and DCs, resulting in pathogenic Th1 response ... "EBV-induced gene 3 transcription is induced by TLR signaling in primary dendritic cells via NF-kappa B activation," Journal of ... macrophage activation in vitro increased modified low-density lipoprotein uptake and proinflammatory cytokine production [50]. ...

A. R. Hussain, S. Uddin, R. Bu et al., "Resveratrol suppresses constitutive activation of AKT via generation of ROS and induces ... polymorphism in the NKG2D gene modulates NK-cell cytotoxicity and is associated with susceptibility to human papilloma virus- ... particularly during TCR activation, and ROS are capable of inducing apoptosis in T cells; thus, while conventional T cells are ... and the genetic ablation of mTOR in T cells resulted in the more efficient generation of Treg cells upon activation but not Th1 ...

Z. Du and C. M. Lovly, "Mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer," Molecular Cancer, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1- ... hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, AFP levels, Child-Pugh class, and ECOG score between the two groups (. ). In the observation ... B. Li, C. Yan, J. Zhu et al., "Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy employed in treating hepatitis B virus infection-related ...

... viruses, or other agents into precise locations. This paper will describe some basic principles of high-resolution imaging ... Activation was accomplished by using burst of ultrasound to vaporize the droplets [28]. ... viruses, or other agents into precise locations. This paper will describe some basic principles of high-resolution imaging ... "IL-10 inhibits inflammation and attenuates left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction via activation of STAT3 and ...

PI3K and STAT3 activations need to be explored. Classification based upon transcriptional profiles also associates well with ... of human cancers are caused by or associated with viruses), optimal use of nutritional opportunities (the IGF-PI3K-PTEN-mTOR ... or even the mutational activation of selected oncogenes (myc, Ras) can activate the p53 protein so that it becomes an efficient ...

R. L. Skalsky and B. R. Cullen, "Viruses, microRNAs, and host interactions," Annual Review of Microbiology, vol. 64, pp. 123- ... and p38 MAPK-dependent AP-1 activation [30]; TNF-α could also induce cytosolic phospholipase A2 expression via inhibition of ... and p38 MAPK-Dependent AP-1 Activation," PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 9, Article ID e72783, 2013. ...

D. Koppers-Lalic, M. M. Hogenboom, J. M. Middeldorp, and D. M. Pegtel, "Virus-modified exosomes for targeted RNA delivery; a ... S. Agrawal Singh, M. Lerdrup, A. L. R. Gomes et al., "PLZF targets developmental enhancers for activation during osteogenic ... "Knockdown of SIRT7 enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells partly via activation of ...