Esophageal Spasm: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
... diffuse esophageal spasm and (2) hypertensive peristalsis. Diffuse esophageal spasm is characterized by contractions that are ... esophageal spasm can be divided into 2 major variants that are distinct entities: (1) ... Esophageal spasm seemingly is more common in whites, and it may be more common in women than in men. However, esophageal spasm ... Broadly, esophageal spasm can be divided into two major variants that are distinct entities: (1) diffuse esophageal spasm and ( ...
Hemifacial Spasm: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
... hemifacial spasm represents a segmental myoclonus of muscles innervated by the facial nerve. The disorder presents in the fifth ... Idiopathic hemifacial spasm typically begins in the fifth or sixth decade of life. Onset of hemifacial spasm in patients ... Yaltho TC, Jankovic J. The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms. Mov Disord. 2011 ... encoded search term (Hemifacial Spasm) and Hemifacial Spasm What to Read Next on Medscape ...
Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome): Background, Etiology, Epidemiology
West syndrome is a severe epilepsy syndrome composed of the triad of infantile spasms, an interictal electroencephalogram (EEG ... 7, 8] Infants with idiopathic infantile spasms have a better prognosis than do infants with symptomatic infantile spasms. Only ... encoded search term (Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome)) and Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome) What to Read Next on Medscape ... This infusion has produced clinical spasms in rats with electrographic findings similar to those seen in human infantile spasms ...
Esophageal Spasm Clinical Presentation: History and Physical Examination
... diffuse esophageal spasm and (2) hypertensive peristalsis. Diffuse esophageal spasm is characterized by contractions that are ... esophageal spasm can be divided into 2 major variants that are distinct entities: (1) ... encoded search term (Esophageal Spasm) and Esophageal Spasm What to Read Next on Medscape ... Esophageal spasm usually presents with the following intermittent symptoms:. * Noncardiac chest pain (, 10% of causes of ...
Epileptic and Epileptiform Encephalopathies: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Infantile spasms (West syndrome). No clear etiology is found in approximately 40% of cases. [26] There is a broad range of ... Infantile spasms (West syndrome). Development remains unaffected only in a minority. Most children experience slowing, ... 38] Other factors increasing the risk of mental retardation include earlier age of onset and history of infantile spasms. Most ... Severe Encephalopathic Epilepsy in Infants: Infantile Spasms (West Syndrome). In: Pellock JM, Bourgeois BFD, Dodson WE. ...
PET Scanning in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Overview, Evaluation of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Screening for PET Scanning
PET, autism, and infantile spasms. Among a group of children with infantile spasms, those who develop autism spectrum disorder ... Positron emission tomography findings in children with infantile spasms and autism. J Clin Neurosci. 2013 Mar. 20(3):373-6. [ ... 43] These results suggest that reduced frontal, parietal, and temporal metabolism may predispose children with infantile spasms ...
Urethral Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology and Pathophysiology
Regardless of the initial pain-causing event, patients with urethral syndrome have both involuntary spasms and voluntary ...
Botulinum Toxin Injections to Improve Facial Aesthetics: Overview, Pathophysiology, Indications
History Botulinum toxin is best known to clinicians as a deadly poison produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacterium. Only within the past 2 decades have clinical applications for this toxin surfaced.
Hyperphosphatemia: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Hyperphosphatemia, that is, an abnormally high serum phosphate level, can result from increased phosphate (PO4) intake, decreased phosphate excretion, or a disorder that shifts intracellular phosphate to extracellular space. (See Pathophysiology, Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Workup.
Benign Essential Blepharospasm: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
At that time, and for several ensuing centuries, patients with such spasms were regarded as being mentally unstable and often ... The first record of blepharospasm and lower facial spasm was found in the 16th century in a painting titled De Gaper. ... described a patient with eyelid and midface spasms, spasm facial median, a disorder now known as Meige syndrome. [2] At about ... The first record of blepharospasm and lower facial spasm was found in the 16th century in a painting titled De Gaper. At that ...
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease in the ED: Practice Essentials
This test should invoke guarding or spasm, especially with internal rotation. * Trendelenburg sign: While standing, the patient ...
Malignant Arrhythmia and Cardiac Arrest in the Operating Room: Practice Essentials, Problem, Management
Coronary spasm. Microthrombi. Direct endothelial or myocardial injury. Variable symptoms, usually associated with severe acute ...
Ankle Sprain: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
... and muscle spasm. ...
EEG Video Monitoring: Overview, Indications, Technical Aspects
Hemifacial spasm. *. Hemifacial spasm may superficially resemble a simple partial seizure with motor symptoms of the face, or ... Benign myoclonus of infancy: Benign myoclonus of infancy must be differentiated from infantile spasms. This requires EEG-video ... Which findings on electroencephalography (EEG) video monitoring are characteristic of hemifacial spasm? ... the unilateral facial twitching of hemifacial spasm typically affects the periorbital muscles first and then spreads to other ( ...
Osteoarthritis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
Osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease, affecting more than 20 million individuals in the United States alone (see Epidemiology). It represents a heterogeneous group of conditions resulting in common histopathologic and radiologic changes.
Pathology of Sudden Natural Death: Overview, Terminology, Medical Examiner Role and Autopsy Indications
Coronary artery spasm. * Congenital anomalies of coronary vessels: Abnormal origin and course, osteal malformations, hypoplasia ...
Tarsal Coalition: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
This leads to an adaptive shortening of the peroneal tendons, reactive peroneal spasm, and so-called peroneal spastic flatfoot ...
Hypoparathyroidism in Emergency Medicine: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Muscle spasms/tetany, paresthesias, and seizures may occur in an acute onset, whereas chronic hypoparathyroidism may only be ... Acute laryngeal spasm. Emerg Med J. Jan 2007. 24(1):66. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
... esophageal spasms, and erectile dysfunction. ...
Hydranencephaly Imaging: Practice Essentials, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Infantile Spasm (West Syndrome) * Neurosurgery for Hydrocephalus * Ventricles of the Brain * Imaging in CNS Toxoplasmosis ...
Myokymia: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Hemifacial Spasm * Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy * Rattlesnake Envenomation * Fast Five Quiz: Multiple Sclerosis ...
Coronary Bare-Metal Stent: Products, Design Features, Indications
Bare-metal coronary artery stents are used in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for a variety of indications, including stable and unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction (MI), and multiple-vessel disease. Category Bare-metal stents, coronary Device details Currently available bare-metal coronary stents include the following (see...
Lumbosacral Facet Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Epidemiology
The absence of muscle spasm. * The absence of exacerbation with a Valsalva maneuver ...
Myocardial Infarction in Childhood: Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology, Epidemiology
... which causes coronary artery spasm and thrombosis, children usually have either an acute inflammatory condition of the coronary ... Coronary artery spasm as a cause of acute typical chest pain with associated cardiac enzyme elevation has been increasingly ... which causes coronary artery spasm and thrombosis, children usually have either an acute inflammatory condition of the coronary ...
Lumbar Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
If spondylolisthesis is not present, spondylolysis presents with paraspinal spasm, pain provocation with lumbar spine extension ...
Skull Base Tumor and Other CPA Tumors: Practice Essentials, History of the Procedure, Problem
Facial twitching (hemifacial spasm) and progressive facial paralysis is more prominent than with other tumors in the CPA. ...