EIF4E2 - Wikipedia
"Weak binding affinity of human 4EHP for mRNA cap analogs". RNA. 13 (5): 691-697. doi:10.1261/rna.453107. PMC 1852817. PMID ... Okumura F, Zou W, Zhang DE (February 2007). "ISG15 modification of the eIF4E cognate 4EHP enhances cap structure-binding ... May 1998). "Cloning and characterization of 4EHP, a novel mammalian eIF4E-related cap-binding protein". The Journal of ...
Ribavirin - Wikipedia
It is a guanosine (ribonucleic) analog used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping, thus, it is a nucleoside analog ... inducing mutations in RNA-dependent replication in RNA viruses. Such hypermutation can be lethal to RNA viruses. Neither of ... For this reason, when ribavirin is incorporated into RNA, as a base analog of either adenine or guanine, it pairs equally well ... Ribavirin is a prodrug, which when metabolized resembles purine RNA nucleotides. In this form, it interferes with RNA ...
Mesoionic compounds - Wikipedia
"Mesoionic heterocyclic compounds as candidate messenger RNA cap analogue inhibitors of the influenza virus RNA polymerase cap- ...
Uğur Şahin - Wikipedia
22 April 2010). "Phosphorothioate cap analogs increase stability and translational efficiency of RNA vaccines in immature ... 22 August 2014). "Synthesis, properties, and biological activity of boranophosphate analogs of the mRNA cap: versatile tools ... To apply their RNA cancer vaccine to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) shared between patients, Sahin and his team developed RNA ... The RNA vaccine used for tolerance induction contained 1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) instead of uridine, a modification ...
List of MeSH codes (D13) - Wikipedia
... rna caps MeSH D13.444.735.544.500.710 - rna cap analogs MeSH D13.444.735.544.527 - rna, messenger, stored MeSH D13.444.735.544. ... rna caps MeSH D13.695.667.454.700.710 - rna cap analogs MeSH D13.695.667.616 - inosine nucleotides MeSH D13.695.667.616.300 - ... rna caps MeSH D13.695.827.426.700.710 - rna cap analogs MeSH D13.695.827.519 - inosine nucleotides MeSH D13.695.827.519.300 - ... rna, small nucleolar MeSH D13.444.735.635 - rna, plant MeSH D13.444.735.635.575 - rna, chloroplast MeSH D13.444.735.640 - rna ...
RNA-targeting small molecule drugs - Wikipedia
... the guanosine analog prodrug is used to stop viral RNA synthesis and viral mRNA capping by incorporating into RNA and pairing ... RNA Complexation That Target the RNA: Specific Recognition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 TAR RNA by Small Organic ... Additionally, HIV-1 RNA has been targeted extensively in vitro by RNA-binding small molecules. In 2007, Miller and coworkers ... An NMR structure of the RNA in complex with DB213, showed that the small molecule bound to the major groove of the RNA duplex. ...
RNA therapeutics - Wikipedia
August 2010). "Phosphorothioate cap analogs increase stability and translational efficiency of RNA vaccines in immature ... The main types of RNA therapeutics are those based on messenger RNA (mRNA), antisense RNA (asRNA), RNA interference (RNAi), and ... For RNA decoy aptamers, the synthetic RNA aptamer resembles a native RNA molecule. As such, proteins(s) which bind to the ... RNA is synthesized from template DNA by RNA polymerase with messenger RNA (mRNA) serving as the intermediary biomolecule ...
Nuclear cap-binding protein complex - Wikipedia
Nuclear cap-binding protein complex is a RNA-binding protein which binds to the 5 cap of pre-mRNA. The cap and nuclear cap- ... GpppG cap analogue by the human nuclear cap-binding complex". EMBO J. 21 (20): 5548-57. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf538. PMC 129070. ... When RNA is exported to the cytoplasm the nuclear cap-binding protein complex is replaced by cytoplasmic cap binding complex. ... Human nuclear cap-binding protein complex plays important role in the maturation of pre-mRNA and in uracil-rich small nuclear ...
Eukaryotic initiation factor - Wikipedia
eIF4A - a DEAD box RNA helicase - is important for resolving mRNA secondary structures. eIF4B contains two RNA-binding domains ... eIF4E recognizes and binds to the 5 cap structure of mRNA, while eIF4G binds PABP, which binds the poly(A) tail, potentially ... It is the functional eukaryotic analog of bacterial IF2. eIF6 performs the same inhibition of ribosome assembly as eIF3, but ... Lee AS, Kranzusch PJ, Cate JH (June 2015). "eIF3 targets cell-proliferation messenger RNAs for translational activation or ...
Chandipura vesiculovirus - Wikipedia
L and P protein together forms viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase; where catalytic functions for RNA polymerization, capping ... anti-genomic analogue that acts as a template for further rounds of replication to generate many more copies of the genome RNA ... This progeny genome RNA upon packaging by viral proteins bud out as mature virus particles. The precise mechanism underlying ... Chandipura vesiculovirus is an enveloped RNA virus with an approximate genome length of ~11 kb. Viral genome codes for five ...
Small nuclear RNA - Wikipedia
Singh R, Reddy R (November 1989). "Gamma-monomethyl phosphate: a cap structure in spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA". ... These snRNPs are functional analogs of the snRNPs used in the major spliceosome. The minor spliceosome splices U12-type introns ... U1 spliceosomal RNA, U2 spliceosomal RNA, U4 spliceosomal RNA, U5 spliceosomal RNA, and U6 spliceosomal RNA. Their nomenclature ... These are small RNA molecules that play an essential role in RNA biogenesis and guide chemical modifications of ribosomal RNAs ...
Hepatitis A virus internal ribosome entry site (IRES) - Wikipedia
The exact mechanism in which this cap analogue interferes with IRES is not clear but it is suggested that the binding of this ... HAV IRES is a 450 nucleotide long sequence located in the 735 nt long 5 UTR (untranslated region) of Hepatitis A viral RNA ... In cap-dependent translation initiation, the eIF4F binds to the m7G cap on the 5 UTR end, recruiting the 40S small ribosomal ... Cap-independent internal initiation of protein synthesis differs from normal cellular cap-dependent translation initiation. ...
Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus - Wikipedia
The RHBV NS3 protein is a suppressor of RNA silencing used by hosts for host defense. Analogs exist in other Tenuiviruses. The ... Research shows that RHBV likely uses "cap-snatching", a technique where the virus cleaves and uses the 5 cap of the host cell ... using an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to convert to positive-sense RNA, and using the hosts cellular machinery to produce ... encoding for the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which is used by the virus to help synthesize a complementary RNA strand. ...
Dengue fever - Wikipedia
The first approach is inhibition of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (coded by NS5), which copies the viral genetic ... Finally, it may be possible to develop entry inhibitors, which stop the virus entering cells, or inhibitors of the 5′ capping ... material, with nucleoside analogs. Secondly, it may be possible to develop specific inhibitors of the viral protease (coded by ... A number of tests are available to confirm the diagnosis including detecting antibodies to the virus or its RNA. Two types of ...
Richard H. Ebright - Wikipedia
Heyduk, T.; Lee, J.; Ebright, Y.; Blatter, E.; Zhou, Y.; Ebright, R. H. (1993). "CAP interacts with RNA polymerase in solution ... "Antibacterial nucleoside-analog inhibitor of bacterial RNA polymerase". Cell. 169 (7): 1240-1248. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.05. ... "Structural organization of bacterial RNA polymerase holoenzyme and the RNA polymerase-promoter open complex". Cell. 108 (5): ... Kapanidis, A. N.; Margeat, E.; Ho, S. O.; Kortkhonjia, E.; Weiss, S.; Ebright, R. H. (2006). "Initial transcription by RNA ...
PRPF8 - Wikipedia
RNA. 2 (3): 213-25. PMC 1369364. PMID 8608445. Hinz M, Moore MJ, Bindereif A (Aug 1996). "Domain analysis of human U5 RNA. Cap ... Pinto AL, Steitz JA (Nov 1989). "The mammalian analogue of the yeast PRP8 splicing protein is present in the U4/5/6 small ... Grainger RJ, Beggs JD (May 2005). "Prp8 protein: at the heart of the spliceosome". RNA. 11 (5): 533-57. doi:10.1261/rna.2220705 ... Maruyama K, Sugano S (Jan 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with ...
Ebola virus disease treatment research - Wikipedia
It binds to the glycoprotein cap of the virus. As of 2016[update], it had not been tested in humans, but been tested in three ... TKM-Ebola is an RNA interference drug candidate; a Phase II trial started on 11 March 2015, and stopped enrolling new subjects ... BCX4430 is a broad-spectrum nucleoside analog antiviral drug developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals. A phase one trial started ... Brown, Troy (1 September 2016). "Medscape: Ebola Virus RNA Evident in Semen for a year or longer". Medscape. Retrieved 1 ...
Oligonucleotide synthesis - Wikipedia
The O6 modifications are rapidly removed by treatment with the capping reagent as long as the capping step is performed prior ... "QMaster DNA/RNA Synthesizer". Genomictechnologies.com. "QMaster DNA/RNA Synthesizer". www.genomictechnologies.com/QmasterII. ... In chirally pure OPS, all-Sp diastereomers are more stable to enzymatic degradation than their all-Rp analogs. However, the ... the solid support may contain the residual acetic anhydride and N-methylimidazole left after the capping step. The capping ...
Morpholino - Wikipedia
RNA. 10 (10): 1653-61. doi:10.1261/rna.7810204. PMC 1370650. PMID 15383681. Penn AC, Balik A, Greger IH (January 2013). "Steric ... This article discusses only the Morpholino antisense oligomers, which are nucleic acid analogs. The word "Morpholino" can occur ... cap to the start codon. This prevents translation of the coding region of the targeted transcript (called "knocking down" gene ... binding to a target sequence within an RNA, inhibiting molecules that might otherwise interact with the RNA. Morpholino oligos ...
Chemoproteomics - Wikipedia
The probe is typically an analog of the drug whose mechanism is being studied, so covalent labeling of an enzyme is indicative ... effectively capping the number of compounds screened in the thousands. After appropriate test compounds and targets are ... but the characterization of RNA and protein expression is limited in its ability to inform on the functional characteristics of ... The drug scaffold is typically an analog of a drug whose mechanism is being studied, and, importantly, binds to the target ...
Enzyme inhibitor - Wikipedia
An example of a toxic peptide is alpha-amanitin, which is found in relatives of the death cap mushroom. This is a potent enzyme ... An example is the inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), which is an analogue of the amino acid ... inhibitor, in this case preventing the RNA polymerase II enzyme from transcribing DNA. The algal toxin microcystin is also a ... Antimetabolite - an enzyme inhibitor that is used to interfere with cell growth and division Transition state analogue - a type ...
Lac operon - Wikipedia
Binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter is aided by the cAMP-bound catabolite activator protein (CAP, also known as the cAMP ... A number of lactose derivatives or analogs have been described that are useful for work with the lac operon. These compounds ... It binds to the CAP, which in turn allows the CAP to bind to the CAP binding site (a 16 bp DNA sequence upstream of the ... First, the CAP regulatory protein has to assemble on the lac promoter, resulting in an increase in the production of lac mRNA. ...
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate - Wikipedia
The protein assumes its active shape and binds to a specific site upstream of the lac promoter, making it easier for RNA ... Ali ES, Hua J, Wilson CH, Tallis GA, Zhou FH, Rychkov GY, Barritt GJ (2016). "The glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue exendin-4 ... The transcription factor cAMP receptor protein (CRP) also called CAP (catabolite gene activator protein) forms a complex with ...
Piet Borst - Wikipedia
Laird PW, Kooter JM, Loosbroek N, Borst P. Mature mRNAs of Trypanosoma brucei possess a 5 cap acquired by discontinuous RNA ... Functions as an Efflux Transporter of Glutamate Conjugates and Analogs. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(51):30429-40. Rottenberg S, ... Bacteriophage RNA replicase keeps the template and daughter strand separated during RNA synthesis; duplex RNA is not an ... Borst P, Weissmann C. Replication of viral RNA, 8. Studies on the enzymatic mechanism of replication of MS2 RNA. Proc Natl Acad ...
Glossary of virology - Wikipedia
retrovirus reverse transcriptase RNA interference RNA virus rolling circle replication satellite A subviral agent that depends ... Baltimore classification base pair (bp) cap cap snatching capsid The outer shell of protein that encloses and protects the ... ide analogs, etc.) fails to suppress and sustain a persons viral load below a predetermined threshold. viral culture viral ... but are classified separately because they replicate through an RNA intermediate. dsDNA virus A double-stranded DNA virus; i.e ...
Discovery and development of NS5A inhibitors - Wikipedia
In 1999 a breakthrough came when a full-length consensus genome cloned from HCV RNA was found to replicate at high levels when ... The potency of the inhibitors was correspondingly sensitive to changes in the amine capping element. These observations suggest ... and ribonucleic analogs (e.g. ribavirin). The ever present risk of viral strains developing resistance has been a main factor ... HCV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that has been demonstrated to replicate in the hepatocytes of both humans and ...
Β-Amanitin - Wikipedia
It has not been found to inhibit RNA polymerase I or bacterial RNA polymerase. Because it inactivates the RNA polymerases, the ... Some examples are the death cap (Amanita phalloides) and members of the destroying angel complex, which includes A. virosa and ... Wieland (1984). "Crystal and Molecular Structure of S-Deoxo[Ile3]amaninamide: A synthetic Analogue of Amanita Toxins". Journal ... beta-Amanitin is also an inhibitor of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III, and as a result, mammalian protein ...
RNA splicing - Wikipedia
cDNA DBASS3/5 Exon junction complex mRNA capping Polyadenylation Post-transcriptional modification RNA editing SWAP protein ... October 2001). "Nuclear antisense effects of neutral, anionic and cationic oligonucleotide analogs". Nucleic Acids Research. 29 ... Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats. RNA 2013;19(2):141-57. Zhang Y, Zhang XO, Chen T, et al ... RNA splicing is a process in molecular biology where a newly-made precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) transcript is transformed ...
MTORC1 - Wikipedia
Babendure JR, Babendure JL, Ding JH, Tsien RY (May 2006). "Control of mammalian translation by mRNA structure near caps". RNA. ... Rapamycin analogs such as DL001, that are more selective for mTORC1 than sirolimus, have been developed and in mice have ... Once the initiation complex is assembled at the 5 cap of mRNA, it will recruit the 40S small ribosomal subunit that is now ... doi:10.1261/rna.2309906. PMC 1440912. PMID 16540693. Lee T, Pelletier J (January 2012). "Eukaryotic initiation factor 4F: a ...
RNA editing - Wikipedia
RNA editing is relatively rare, with common forms of RNA processing (e.g. splicing, 5-capping, and 3-polyadenylation) not ... However, this active site is widened by amino acid changes in the corresponding human analog genes, APOBEC1 and ADAR, allowing ... Most of the RNA modifications are found on transfer-RNA and ribosomal-RNA, but also eukaryotic mRNA has been shown to be ... RNA editing is used for stability and generation of protein variants. Viral RNAs are transcribed by a virus-encoded RNA- ...