NeuronsNeurons, AfferentMotor NeuronsAction PotentialsHippocampusNerve Tissue ProteinsCells, CulturedCerebral CortexBrainNeuronal PlasticityDopaminergic NeuronsAxonsSynapsesElectrophysiologyDendritesSynaptic TransmissionGanglia, SpinalElectric StimulationGABAergic NeuronsAnimals, NewbornSpinal CordModels, NeurologicalImmunohistochemistrySensory Receptor CellsRats, Sprague-Dawleygamma-Aminobutyric AcidMembrane PotentialsNeuritesNeurogliaNeurogenesisNeural InhibitionPatch-Clamp TechniquesNeuropeptidesNerve DegenerationRats, WistarGlutamic AcidTime FactorsCholinergic NeuronsNerve NetMice, Inbred C57BLInterneuronsCell DeathCerebellumMice, TransgenicDopamineOlfactory Receptor NeuronsMesencephalonCell DifferentiationExcitatory Postsynaptic PotentialsNitric Oxide Synthase Type IMotor Neuron DiseaseNerve Growth FactorsAstrocytesNeurons, EfferentMedulla OblongataBehavior, AnimalSignal TransductionMice, KnockoutCell CountCalciumCatsProsencephalonBrain StemNeocortexReceptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateGreen Fluorescent ProteinsTetrodotoxinNeuroprotective AgentsTyrosine 3-MonooxygenasePyramidal CellsSerotonergic NeuronsCell SurvivalN-MethylaspartateGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalDisease Models, AnimalThalamusGanglia, InvertebratePC12 CellsCorpus StriatumAfferent PathwaysGangliaEvoked PotentialsNeurotoxinsExcitatory Amino Acid AntagonistsBrain-Derived Neurotrophic FactorNeuronal Ceroid-LipofuscinosesMacaca mulattaSuperior Cervical GanglionPhysical StimulationIn Situ HybridizationNeurotransmitter AgentsNervous SystemEmbryo, MammalianDose-Response Relationship, DrugAnalysis of VarianceCholine O-AcetyltransferaseSerotoninNitrergic NeuronsPhotic StimulationVisual Cortex