Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
This syndrome is characterized by hot, red flushing of the face; severe and debilitating diarrhea; and asthma attacks. ... Malignant carcinoid syndrome is the constellation of symptoms typically exhibited by patients with metastases from carcinoid ... encoded search term (Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome) and Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome What to Read Next on Medscape ... Carcinoids do not produce the malignant carcinoid syndrome until they are no longer confined to the small bowel or mesentery, ...
Chylous Ascites: Overview, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Other congenital causes include primary lymphatic hypoplasia associated with Turner syndrome and yellow nail syndrome, and the ... Carcinoid and chylous ascites: an unusual association. J Gastrointest Surg. 2002 Sep-Oct. 6(5):781-3. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Malignant chylous ascites requires specific therapy directed at the primary cause as well as supportive therapy. These ... Ayers R. Chylous ascites and jejunal carcinoid: a diagnostic challenge. ANZ J Surg. 2005 Jul. 75(7):618-9. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ...
Dermatologic Manifestations of Pellagra: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
... malignant carcinoid tumor; and Hartnup syndrome. Alcoholism can be considered a risk factor for pellagra, which can, as well, ... Vulvovaginal pellagra and lichen sclerosus complicating carcinoid syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2009. 113(2 Pt 2):543-545. [Full ... of pellagra are a less sensitive indicator than biochemical niacin deficiency in carcinoid patients with carcinoid syndrome. ... This is the only photosensitivity syndrome where death is included as a cardinal clinical feature. [1] The full tetrad of ...
Dermatologic Manifestations of Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Overview, Papulosquamous Disorders, Erythematous Lesions
Curth proposed the following criteria to define a paraneoplastic syndrome: The malignancy and syndrome must appear at the same ... not significantly differ Remote cutaneous manifestations should be specific to the tumor causing them Paraneoplastic syndromes ... The presence of carcinoid syndrome, an uncommon manifestation of carcinoid tumors, signifies the presence of a malignant ... Carcinoid syndrome. Carcinoid tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and may occur anywhere in the body. Although most of these ...
Neuroendocrine Tumors Guidelines: Initial Evaluation, Grading and Staging, Gastrointestinal and Pulmonary Carcinoid Tumors
Malignant carcinoid syndrome: Octreotide or lanreotide; cardiology consultation, and echocardiogram to assess for heart disease ... SSAs for first- line treatment of carcinoid syndrome and as antiproliferative treatment of advanced tumors with good prognosis ... Gastric carcinoids can be subclassified into the following three distinct groups [14] :. * Type I - Those associated with ... Thoracic carcinoids. For thymic NETs, NCCN recommendations include the following [1] :. * Localized disease: Surgical resection ...
Carcinoid Tumor: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Origin and general involvement and presentation Carcinoid tumors are derived from primitive stem cells in the gut wall but can ... Treatment of the carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 1983 Nov. 1(11):727-40. [QxMD MEDLINE Link ... Octreotide acetate long-acting formulation versus open-label subcutaneous octreotide acetate in malignant carcinoid syndrome. J ... 27, 28] Depending on the size and location, carcinoid tumors can cause various symptoms, including carcinoid syndrome. [17] ...
Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
They are defined as clinical syndromes involving nonmetastatic systemic effects that accompany malignant disease. ... Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare disorders that are triggered by an altered immune system response to a neoplasm. ... These syndromes vary from dermatomyositis-polymyositis to Cushing syndrome [6] to the malignant carcinoid syndrome. ... Cyclical Cushings syndrome due to an atypical thymic carcinoid. Neth J Med. 2006 Jan. 64(1):23-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Intestinal Carcinoid Tumor: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Carcinoid of the small intestine, a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor, is the most common distal small bowel malignancy ... Most patients with carcinoid tumors do not develop carcinoid syndrome, but most patients who develop carcinoid syndrome have ... A prospective study by Cross et al identified the following risk factors for malignant small-intestine carcinoids [27] :. * Age ... Carcinoid Syndrome. The carcinoid syndrome is technically a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by flushing, diarrhea, ...
Pruritus and Systemic Disease: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Carcinoid syndrome may be associated with pruritus triggered by serotonin.. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may cause intractable ... and bradykinin appear to be the pruritogenic mediators released as an autoimmune response is mounted against malignant lymphoid ... In support of this theory, treatment with opioid antagonists may induce an opioid withdrawal-like syndrome. ...
Gastrointestinal Carcinoid Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Gastrointestinal carcinoid accounts for more than 95% of all carcinoids. ... also called carcinoid tumor, is the most common primary tumor of the small bowel and appendix. ... Rarer still is carcinoid syndrome that develops in patients with noncarcinoid malignant tumors and dermatomyositis. ... Most patients with carcinoid syndrome have liver metastases from a bowel carcinoid, although in rare cases, the humoral load ...
Carcinoid Lung Tumors: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
In the past, these tumors were grouped with benign or less aggressive malignant pulmonary tumors. ... Carcinoid tumors of the lung are a fascinating but uncommon group of pulmonary neoplasms. ... Atypical carcinoid tumors account for about 10% of all pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in about 2% of ... The presence of carcinoid syndrome or other paraneoplastic syndromes in the absence of lymph node or distant metastases does ...
Paraneoplastic Syndromes Workup: Approach Considerations, Blood Studies, Imaging Studies
They are defined as clinical syndromes involving nonmetastatic systemic effects that accompany malignant disease. ... Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare disorders that are triggered by an altered immune system response to a neoplasm. ... Cyclical Cushings syndrome due to an atypical thymic carcinoid. Neth J Med. 2006 Jan. 64(1):23-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I and Cushings syndrome due to an aggressive ACTH producing thymic carcinoid. Intern Med. ...
Pediatric Gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Background, Esophageal Neoplasms, Gastric Neoplasms
15] Rarely, carcinoids first manifest with carcinoid syndrome, an indication of metastasis to the liver or beyond. This ... of ileal and cecal carcinoids metastasize. The distinction between benign and malignant tumors is the presence of metastasis ... Carcinoid Tumors. Carcinoid tumors are derived from enterochromaffin cells located throughout the GI tract. Overall, carcinoids ... Appendiceal carcinoids smaller than 2 cm are treated with a simple appendectomy. [15] Tumors larger than 2 cm have a higher ...
VIPomas: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology and Etiology
5] ; in 1973, Bloom causally linked this hormone to WDHA syndrome. In 1975, Swift et al was the first to report a child who had ... Müller S, Kupka S, Königsrainer I, Northoff H, Sotlar K, Bock T. MSH2 and CXCR4 involvement in malignant VIPoma. World J Surg ... Approximately 10% of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract (except carcinoids) are VIPomas. ... Islet cell tumor and a syndrome of refractory watery diarrhea and hypokalemia. Am J Med. 1958 Sep. 25(3):374-80. [QxMD MEDLINE ...
Bronchial Adenoma: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Bronchial carcinoids seem to produce diminished amounts of serotonin, and carcinoid syndrome is uncommon; however, when it does ... Low grade malignant tumors have mostly cystic components. Microscopic invasion into pulmonary parenchyma is unusual. Mild ... Carcinoid syndrome occurs most commonly when gastrointestinal carcinoids metastasize to the liver and less frequently when due ... An occult bronchial carcinoid should be sought in a patient with Cushing syndrome that has no evident adrenal or pituitary ...
Oncology Articles (Diagnosis, Staging, Treatment, Prognosis, Follow-up) - Medscape Reference
Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome * Malignant Glaucoma * Malignant Hand Tumors * Malignant Lesions of the Fallopian Tube and Broad ...
Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
... von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is an autosomal dominant, inherited, neurocutaneous dysplasia complex with an 80-100% ... Although the lesion is benign, it may resemble malignant lesions on advanced MR images. It may have elevated relative tumor ... Uptake may occur in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, carcinoid tumors, neuroblastoma, and paragangliomas. ... von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Axial nonenhanced CT scan of the head in a patient with known von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and an ...
Scleredema: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
HIV disease and AIDS-related lipodystrophy syndrome [3] * Malignant insulinoma [4] * Carcinoid of the gall bladder [5] ... Yu JI, Park W, Lee KK, Park W. Scleredema adultorum of Buschke associated with a carcinoid tumor. Int J Dermatol. 2009 Jul. 48( ... Matsunaga J, Hara M, Tagami H. Scleredema of Buschke associated with malignant insulinoma. Br J Dermatol. 1992 May. 126(5):527- ... Miyagawa S, Dohi K, Tsuruta S, Shirai T. Scleredema of Buschke associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögrens syndrome. Br ...
Papillary Tumors: Overview, Tumor Characteristics, Etiology
Carcinoid syndrome has not been reported in association with ampullary carcinoid tumors. This observation probably reflects the ... Although malignant tumors of the main papilla are more common, a number of benign neoplasms also may arise in the periampullary ... Duodenal carcinoids account for only 1%-5% of the total. Fewer than 40 cases of ampullary carcinoids exist in the world ... Carcinoid tumors. Although most carcinoid tumors are asymptomatic and are found incidentally, those arising at the ampulla tend ...
Surgery of Thymus Gland: Background, Embryology, Anatomy
... of thymic carcinoid tumors are associated with Cushing syndrome. Inappropriate ectopic production of antidiuretic hormone, ... Management of patients with malignant thymoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1984 Feb. 87 (2):301-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Giaccone G. Treatment of malignant thymoma. Curr Opin Oncol. 2005 Mar. 17 (2):140-6. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Patients may present with symptoms of thoracic structural displacement (cough, dyspnea, palpitation, dysphagia, SVC syndrome, ...
Gastrinoma: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Gastric carcinoids or neuroendocrine tumors are reported to account for an estimated 0.6-2% of detected gastric polyps. [5] In ... The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: is there a role for somatostatin analogues in the treatment of the gastrinoma?. Endocrine. 2018 ... Over 50% of gastrinomas are malignant and can metastasize to the regional lymph nodes and the liver. One fourth of gastrinomas ... Translating Mechanisms Into Practice for Cushing Syndrome 0.25 CME / CE / ABIM MOC Credits Clinical Review ...
Dermatologic Manifestations of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
... also termed Wermer syndrome) in which persons develop tumors of the parathyroid glands, the enteropancreatic neuroendocrine ... except that bronchial carcinoids are more common in women and thymic carcinoids are more common in men. [1, 16, 17] ... Pancreatic endocrine tumors, particularly gastrinomas, become malignant in about 50% of patients with MEN1. Untreated, patients ... Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant familial tumor syndrome (also termed Wermer syndrome) ...
Lung Carcinoid Tumor Imaging: Practice Essentials, Radiography, Computed Tomography
Bronchial carcinoid tumors are rare, accounting for up to 2.5% of all pulmonary neoplasms and for 12-15% of carcinoid tumors ... ACTH secreting bronchial carcinoid tumors are associated with Cushing syndrome [26] and ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). [27] ... Bronchial carcinoids are now classed as low-grade malignant neoplasms because of their potential to cause local invasion, their ... FDG-PET may distinguish carcinoid tumors from atypical carcinoids and may be most helpful in differentiating carcinoids from ...
WDHA Syndrome: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
WDHA syndrome) is a rare condition characterized by severe, watery diarrhea resulting from the oversecretion of vasoactive ... The syndrome of watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria (ie, ... The cost-effectiveness of octreotide acetate in the treatment of carcinoid syndrome and VIPoma. Int J Technol Assess Health ... Malignant degeneration. A significant proportion of VIPomas develop malignant degeneration, although predicting which tumors ...
Mesenteric Tumors: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
These lesions may be cystic or solid, and they may demonstrate malignant or benign clinical behavior. ... Extensive carcinoid tumor involvement of small-bowel mesentery has been reported in association with a malabsorption syndrome. ... Primary malignant mesenchymal or stromal tumors of the mesentery of the bowel (see the image below), as well as of the greater ... Mesenteric carcinoid tumors. Carcinoid tumors of the small intestine are metastatic to mesenteric lymph nodes at the time of ...
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
... syndromes consist of 2 categories, MEN type 1 (MEN1) and MEN type 2 (MEN2). MEN2 has been subcategorized into MEN2-A, MEN2-B, ... Malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and thymic carcinoid tumors have been associated with a marked increase in the risk ... Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome: the Italian series. J Clin ... Thymic carcinoids associated with MEN1 are often nonfunctional and aggressive. [11] In women, bronchial carcinoids are most ...