Antibiotic - Wikipedia
Brilacidin (PMX-30063): peptide defense protein mimetic (cell membrane disruption). In phase 2. ... "Cell. 128 (6): 1037-50. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.03.004. PMID 17382878. S2CID 18343252.. ... or the cell membrane (polymyxins), or interfere with essential bacterial enzymes (rifamycins, lipiarmycins, quinolones, and ... "Cell Reports. 29 (5): 1336-1350.e4. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.062. PMID 31665644. S2CID 204967212.. ...
Cardiac conduction system - Wikipedia
Like a neuron, a given myocardial cell has a negative membrane potential when at rest. Stimulation above a threshold value ... There are important physiological differences between nodal cells and ventricular cells; the specific differences in ion ... The ventricles must maximize systolic pressure to force blood through the circulation, so all the ventricular cells must work ... Cells of the ventricles contract nearly simultaneously.. *The action potentials of cardiac muscle are unusually sustained. This ...
Insulin resistance - Wikipedia
Diet also has the potential to change the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated phospholipids in cell membranes. The percentage ... Certain cell types such as fat and muscle cells require insulin to absorb glucose and when these cells fail to respond ... to the cell membrane.[17][18]. Based on the significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in humans after bariatric surgery ... It is hypothesized that increasing cell membrane fluidity by increasing PUFA concentration might result in an enhanced number ...
Polyunsaturated fat - Wikipedia
This process involves free radicals "stealing" electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, causing damage to the cells. The ... red blood cell) membranes, were associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer.[15] DHA is vital for the grey matter structure ... Pala V, Krogh V, Muti P, Chajès V, Riboli E, Micheli A, Saadatian M, Sieri S, Berrino F (July 2001). "Erythrocyte membrane ...
Dynein - Wikipedia
When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the ... Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival ... "Cell. 136 (3): 485-95. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.049. PMC 2706395. PMID 19203583.. ... "Cell. 159 (4): 857-68. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.018. PMC 4269335. PMID 25417161.. ...
Antioxidant - Wikipedia
... while lipid-soluble antioxidants protect cell membranes from lipid peroxidation.[30] These compounds may be synthesized in the ... Rhee SG (June 2006). "Cell signaling. H2O2, a necessary evil for cell signaling". Science. 312 (5782): 1882-3. doi:10.1126/ ... deficient cells from cell death.[94] GPx4 is the only known enzyme that efficiently reduces lipid-hydroperoxides within ... Wang X, Quinn PJ (July 1999). "Vitamin E and its function in membranes". Progress in Lipid Research. 38 (4): 309-36. doi: ...
Botulinum toxin - Wikipedia
... meaning that the acetylcholine vesicles cannot bind to the intracellular cell membrane,[84] preventing the cell from releasing ... The cleaved SNAP-25 cannot mediate fusion of vesicles with the host cell membrane, thus preventing the release of the ... activating a portion of the toxin that triggers it to push across the vesicle membrane and into the cell cytoplasm.[17] ... It is translocated into the host cell cytoplasm where it cleaves the host protein SNAP-25, a member of the SNARE protein family ...
Plasticity (physics) - Wikipedia
In closed cell foams, the yield strength is increased if the material is under tension because of the membrane that spans the ... This applies to open cell foams where the bending moment is exerted on the cell walls. The foams can be made of any material ... In cellular materials such as liquid foams or biological tissues, plasticity is mainly a consequence of bubble or cell ... and small dislocation density within the cell interior. At even larger strains the cellular dislocation structure reduces in ...
Lead poisoning - Wikipedia
... and enzymes that maintain the integrity of the cell membrane.[30] Anemia may result when the cell membranes of red blood cells ... Lead and other heavy metals create reactive radicals which damage cell structures including DNA and cell membranes.[182] Lead ... Blood film examination may reveal basophilic stippling of red blood cells (dots in red blood cells visible through a microscope ... Lead exposure damages cells in the hippocampus, a part of the brain involved in memory. Hippocampi of lead-exposed rats (bottom ...
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate - Wikipedia
... cyclase located on the inner side of the plasma membrane and anchored at various locations in the interior of the cell.[1] ... In the species Dictyostelium discoideum, cAMP acts outside the cell as a secreted signal. The chemotactic aggregation of cells ... the B subunit ring of the cholera toxin binds to GM1 gangliosides on the surface of target cells. If a cell lacks GM1 the toxin ... "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1863 (9): 2135-46. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.006. PMID ...
Extraterrestrial life - Wikipedia
... even if cells had a different composition to those from Earth, they would still have a cell membrane. Life on Earth jumped from ... At the basic level, membranes define the limit of a cell, between it and its environment, while remaining partially open to ... The evolution from simple cells to eukaryotes, and from them to multicellular lifeforms, is not guaranteed. The Cambrian ...
Adsorption - Wikipedia
... through the cell membrane, in a manner that stimulates specific intracellular processes that then determine cell adhesion, ... cell membrane receptors bind to protein layer bioactive sites and these receptor-protein binding events are transduced, ... Therefore, living cells do not interact directly with the biomaterial surface, but with the adsorbed proteins layer. This ... Factors such as transcription may or may not be needed if the virus is able to integrate its genomic information in the cells ...
Renin-angiotensin system - Wikipedia
exchangers located on the apical membranes (faces the tubular lumen) of cells in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb ... causing these cells to contract along with the blood vessels surrounding them; and to receptors on the zona glomerulosa cells, ... within the lungs and the epithelial cells of the kidneys. One study in 1992 found ACE in all blood vessel endothelial cells.[10 ... When renal blood flow is reduced, juxtaglomerular cells in the kidneys convert the precursor prorenin (already present in the ...
α-Linolenic acid - Wikipedia
3s for positions in cell membranes and have very different effects on human health. There is a complex set of essential fatty ... α-Linolenic acid is also obtained from the thylakoid membranes in the leaves of Pisum sativum (pea leaves).[3] Plant ... YashRoy R.C. (1987) 13-C NMR studies of lipid fatty acyl chains of chloroplast membranes. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and ... "Growth temperature effects on thylakoid membrane lipid and protein content of pea chloroplasts 1". Plant Physiol. 72 (1): 225- ...
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - Wikipedia
ECMO works by temporarily drawing blood from the body to allow artificial oxygenation of the red blood cells and removal of ... Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), also known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is an extracorporeal technique of ... Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Adult Respiratory Failure (CESAR) Trial was a UK-based multicenter RCT aiming to ... A MAQUET hollow fiber membrane oxygenator. Guidelines that describe the indications and practice of ECMO are published by the ...
Oogenesis - Wikipedia
Oogenesis, ovogenesis, or oögenesis /ˌoʊ.əˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/[1] is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to ... The cyclic AMP is generated by the oocyte by adenylyl cyclase in the oocyte membrane. The adenylyl cyclase is kept active by a ... "Cell. 122 (2): 303-15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.031. PMID 16051153. S2CID 19006732.. ... Cell type. ploidy/chromosomes. chromatids. Process. Time of completion Oogonium. diploid/46(2N). 2C. Oocytogenesis (mitosis). ...
Terpenoid - Wikipedia
Sometimes terpenoids are added to proteins, e.g., to enhance their attachment to the cell membrane; this is known as ...
Ehlers-Danlos syndromes - Wikipedia
Mast cell disorders (including mast cell activation syndrome and mastocytosis)[72]. *Pregnancy complications: increased pain, ... Women who are pregnant should be warned about things such as pre-labor rupture of membranes, drop in blood pressure with ... Mutations in this pathway affect the ability to localize cilia in various cell types, including cardiac cells. With the ... It can worsen symptoms of mast cell activation syndrome, a disease that may be associated with EDS. Acetaminophen can be used ...
Breast milk - Wikipedia
The somatic cells are mainly lactocytes and myoepithelial cells derived from the mothers mammary glands.[71] The stem cells ... Hernell O, Timby N, Domellöf M, Lönnerdal B (June 2016). "Clinical Benefits of Milk Fat Globule Membranes for Infants and ... Breast milk also contains a variety of somatic cells and stem cells and the proportion of each cell type differs from ... "Exploring the stem cell and non-stem cell constituents of human breast milk". Cytotechnology. 65 (3): 385-93. doi:10.1007/ ...
Norepinephrine - Wikipedia
... these cells have been implicated in a variety of responses, including control of food intake and responses to stress.[28] Cell ... Torres GE, Gainetdinov RR, Caron MG (2003). "Plasma membrane monoamine transporters: structure, regulation and function". ... which contains noradrenergic cell group A6 and adjoins cell group A4. The locus coeruleus is quite small in absolute terms-in ... norepinephrine acts on target cells by binding to and activating adrenergic receptors located on the cell surface. ...
Renin - Wikipedia
plasma membrane. *intracellular anatomical structure. *extracellular region. *extracellular space. *apical part of cell ... The juxtaglomerular cells are also stimulated to release renin by signaling from the macula densa. The macula densa senses ... The differential diagnosis of kidney cancer in a young patient with hypertension includes juxtaglomerular cell tumor (reninoma ... Angiotensin II also acts on the adrenal glands and releases aldosterone, which stimulates the epithelial cells in the distal ...
Bone fracture - Wikipedia
Bone tissue is predominantly extracellular matrix, rather than living cells, and the few blood vessels needed to support this ... of the radial head with concomitant dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint with disruption of the interosseous membrane[13 ... low metabolism are only able to bring a limited number of immune cells to an injury to fight infection. For this reason, open ... of the proximal third of the fibula associated with a tear of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and the interosseous membrane ...
Megabat - Wikipedia
All species examined had retinae with both rod cells and cone cells, but only the Pteropus species had S-cones, which detect ... Unlike microbats, megabats have a greatly reduced uropatagium, which is an expanse of flight membrane that runs between the ... Pteropus bats are dichromatic, possessing two kinds of cone cells. The other three genera, with their lack of S-cones, are ... In Pteropus and Rousettus, measured rod cell densities were 350,000-800,000 per square millimeter, equal to or exceeding other ...
Skull - Wikipedia
Pericranium, a membrane that lines the outer surface of the cranium. History Edit Trepanning, a practice in which a hole is ... in the skull through which the immune cells combined with the bone marrow reach the areas of inflammation after an injury to ...
Carbon nanotube - Wikipedia
That is, if one numbers consecutive carbons around a graphene cell with C1 to C6, then u can be the vector from C1 to C3, and v ... yarns are suitable for applications in energy and electrochemical water treatment when coated with an ion-exchange membrane.[ ... Zanello LP, Zhao B, Hu H, Haddon RC (March 2006). "Bone cell proliferation on carbon nanotubes". Nano Letters. 6 (3): 562-567. ... "Near-Infrared Fluorescence Microscopy of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Phagocytic Cells". Journal of the American Chemical ...
KU Leuven - Wikipedia
Anion exchange membranes provide an alkaline environment enabling the use of earth abundant materials as electrocatalysts.[40] ... Catherine Verfaillie (b. 1957) physician, stem cell scientist. *Koen Vervaeke (b. 1959), history, diplomat ... and oxygen evolution reactions are performed in the gas phase in cathode and anode compartments separated by a membrane. ... "Vapor-fed solar hydrogen production exceeding 15% efficiency using earth abundant catalysts and anion exchange membrane" ...
Biogeochemical cycle - Wikipedia
Phosphorus is used to make nucleic acids and the phospholipids that comprise biological membranes. Sulfur is critical to the ... Chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms. * Kerogen cycle[51][52] ...