Simple tests to access the GIT tract that might be helpful?. Case 7. A 5-year-old intact male Sheepdog was presented initially for inappropriate urination. An evaluation of a free catch urine sample revealed 4+ rods and WBC that were TNTC, rbcs were also present, and scattered squamous epithelial cells. The animal was treated with Baytril awaiting culture results. The organism was E.coli and it was sensitive to Baytril. The animal appeared to respond to the therapy (three weeks of antibiotics) but resumed symptoms, seven days after the antibiotics were finished. The animal was returned to the hospital. The dog appeared depressed, dehydrated (5%), had a fever (40C); and was reluctant to move. The owner reported that the dog had not eaten for 48 hours.. ...

Abstract. This report details the diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia with suspected B-cell differentiation in a diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). There are only nine reports of hemic tumors in turtles.1-5 Antineoplastic treatment was not attempted in any of the cases. A thorough diagnostic investigation was performed to evaluate the extent of the disease, as this is the first reported case of neoplasia in a diamondback terrapin (J. Harshbarger, personal communication). The diagnostic procedures performed were a complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, routine blood films, a bone marrow biopsy, radiographs, immunocytochemistry to type the leukemic cell line, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). An antineoplastic treatment protocol of prednisolone, cytosine arabinoside, and chlorambucil was devised (CGC). This abstract describes the investigation of the leukemic disease in the patient, elaborating on the use of immunocytochemical staining as part of the ...

Possibilities include calcium/fatty acid deposits being retained in the GI tract lumen and reducing calcium absorption, ... Total calcium may be low in a number of patients with gastrointestinal disease and hypoproteinaemia; wherever possible, an ... Calcium. Ionised hypocalcaemia may be seen with both severe small intestinal disease (specifically lymphangiectasia) and acute ... ionised calcium should be measured to understand the physiological significance of this. ...

... increased intestinal calcium absorption, or a decrease in urinary loss of calcium. Ionized calcium (iCa) is the only ... Signs of hypocalcemia such as tetany occurs when total serum calcium concentration falls below 6-7 mg/dl (1.5 mmol/l), or iCa ... Neurological signs are related to uremic acidosis, alterations of parathyroid hormones and electrolytes (especially calcium and ... Signs reported include vomiting, weight loss, dysuria, anorexia, constipation, calcium oxalate urolithiasis, and inappropriate ...

Abstract Background In domestic animals, the ability to safely examine and obtain biologic samples from the neonate has been essential to successful reproductive programs. Only recently have handling techniques been developed for bottlenose dolphin neonates and calves to allow for safe examination and diagnostic sampling. The U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program (NMMP) at Spawar Systems Center San Diego has employed new techniques in a proactive preventive medicine program for its most recent set of calves, which has facilitated blood sampling, morphometric data collection, ultrasonography, and radiography as early as 12 hours postpartum. The veterinary care aspect of a reproductive program is not complete without addressing the daily nutritional requirements and behavioral development of the calf. Young orphaned calves have been successfully supported with bottle and tube feeding, however this approach can become labor intensive and does not specifically address the establishment of a mother-calf ...

Hypophosphatemia may occur with hypovitaminosis D, but we did not appreciate a corresponding decrease in calcium.2 The birds in ...

Although survey abdominal radiographs will not detect all uroliths, the majority of the common uroliths (struvite, calcium ... urethral plugs composed of calcium oxalate crystals have been documented. ...

Serum protein electrophoresis, cholesterol, calcium. Hypoproteinemia, hyperproteinemia may be the sign of polyclonal ...

Is a calcium of 2.4 actually 2.35 to 2.45 or is it 2.41? If it is 2.45, what does that mean if your reference range upper limit ...

Calcium tetany can be a problem; placing a chewable calcium citrate tablet in each reptile container may help prevent problems ... They will lick the tablet to get their calcium. Commercially available powdered calcium supplements sprinkled on the food may ...

Oral calcium glubionate (Neocalglucon® 23 mg/mL), calcium carbonate (100 mg/mL) or calcium citrate (Tums®). After one week of ... Total plasma calcium is usually normal until the terminal stages of the disease. Ionized calcium may be more useful than total ... Oral calcium competes with phosphorus for intestinal absorption sites, and so calcium can be used with meals to reduce the ... Use calcium glubionate (Neocalglucon) or calcium carbonate. Warm water soaks encourage defecation and promote fluid uptake ( ...

Sucralfate, AlOH, and calcium salts decrease oral absorption. Main toxic effect is cartilage damage in growing animals and ... Absorption is decreased by sucralfate, AlOH, calcium salts, and dairy products. Tooth enamel discoloration (less with ...

In cats, approximately 65% of the upper tract uroliths are composed of calcium oxalate CaOx, while less than ~5% are composed ... Serum concentrations of phosphorus and calcium were normal. Results of a hemogram revealed values within the normal reference ...

... and a calcium/phosphorus inversion. Radiographic and ultrasonographic exam of the lungs were consistent with pneumonia. ...

ME: Cations represented by Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, immunoglobulins, and other microelements.. NVA: non-volatile acids (both ...

... and a calcium/phosphorus inversion. Radiographic and ultrasonographic exam of the lungs were consistent with pneumonia. ...

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) is the most common urinary stone in cats. This disease is associated with dysuria, hematuria, and life- ... MT08-007: Is the lack of oxalate degrading bacteria a risk factor for calcium oxalate urolith formation in cats. Jody P. Lulich ... Over 50% of all feline uroliths are calcium oxalate, including approximately 50% of cystic calculi and 75% of renal and ... Polymorphisms in four main genes have been associated with human calcium oxalate stone formation, presumably via increased ...

1. Sattler R, Tymianski M. Molecular mechanisms of calcium-dependent excitotoxicity. J Mol Med (Berl). 2000;78:3-13. ...

In spite of administration of fluids and calcium, unfortunately the animal died. At necropsy, cyanosis of mucosa, severe ...

PTH is critical in the control of calcium and phosphorus in the body. In cats the role of PTH as a significant toxin has not ... Are changes in bone density associated with high blood calcium in cats? Bone dynamics in cats with idiopathic hypercalcemia ... Recently, cats are being more frequently identified with an elevated level of calcium in their blood for which no cause is ...

Calcium supplementation, H1 and H2 blockers, and low dose dopamine may be considered. Food should be started as soon as ...

4. Barber PJ & Elliott J (1996) Study of calcium homeostasis in feline hyperthyroidism. Journal of Small Animal Practice 37, ... In two separate studies 18 of 36 (50 %)(3) and 4 of 15 (27 %)(4) hyperthyroid cats had serum ionised calcium concentrations ... The net bone loss leads to the release of calcium and a tendency towards hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypoparathyroidism ... and reduced concentrations of activated vitamin D. Early reports suggested that circulating calcium concentration was largely ...

Excess calcium, conversely, has been shown to be a significant factor (HAZEWINKEL 1985). It has been suggested to cause ... Nutritional factors in growing pups: overfeeding, i.e., excess energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D intake ( ...

Calcium infusion should be regarded as a "stop-gap" until longer-lasting controls are initiated. Moderate hyperkalemia (6.0-8.0 ... Severe hyperkalemia (, 8 mmol/L) associated with serious ECG disturbances is life-threatening and treated with 10% calcium ...

Often, observation of calcium oxalate crystals on histopathology is enough to make a definitive diagnosis. ...

... calcium, vitamins and microminerals. High quantities of meat, coupled with calcium deficiency result in abnormal calcium to ... With respect to calcium and phosphate, both the absolute amounts of both minerals and the ratio of calcium to phosphate are ... Correction of calcium and phosphate deficiencies may be achieved using calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate or steamed bone ... hypertriglyceridemia and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. It is clear that the nutritional management of such a patient is indeed ...

Vitamin D poisoning can increase levels of calcium in the blood, a condition known as hypercalcemia. ...

Hypocalcemia is a common finding in cats with pancreatitis, and a low plasma ionized calcium concentration (, 1 mmol/l) has ...

While this bound calcium is not metabolically active, it is nonetheless detected in routine assays for total blood calcium ... It is suggested that calciumb be administered 10-15 minutes prior to anesthesia in African Grey Parrots consuming a calcium ... of the variability described in calcium concentrations attributable to changes in albumin concentrations. Because calcium bound ... Plasma calcium concentrations will often stay below normal for up to 24 hours after initiation of treatment. The birds usually ...

Reduced magnesium and phosphorus content and urine acidification caused by these diets may predispose to formation of calcium ... The composition of bladder uroliths submitted for analysis has recently changed from predominantly struvite to mostly calcium ...