Small animal models are the most frequently used in trauma research. Rattus norvegicus was the first mammalian species ... To date, there exist numerous well-established procedures to mimic different forms of injury patterns in rats, animals that are ... To develop a greater understanding of the mechanisms of single and/or multiple trauma, reliable and reproducible animal models ... The most frequently used rat strains, all outbred, are Sprague-Dawley in modeling multiple trauma, TBI, concussion, HS, long ...