Frontiers | Hedonic Eating and the "Delicious Circle": From Lipid-Derived Mediators to Brain Dopamine and Back
2005). Cannabinoids and ghrelin have both central and peripheral metabolic and cardiac effects via AMP-activated protein kinase ... 2-AG, 2-arachidonoylethanolamine; AEA, N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide); AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; AN, anorexia ... inhibition of 2-AG synthesis or lack of CB1 receptors abolishes both AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-signaling and ghrelin- ... insulin-activated signaling kinase), decrease of DAT cell expression and activity, DA clearance and amphetamine-mediated ...
Frontiers | Therapeutic Potential of Ginsenosides as an Adjuvant Treatment for Diabetes
2001). Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in mechanism of metformin action. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 1167-1174. doi: 10.1172/ ... Ginsenoside Rb2 enhances autophagy through activation of the SIRT1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways ... Ach, acetylcholine; AChE, acetylcholinesterase; AMP, activated protein kinase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; JNK, c-Jun NH2- ... 2015). Ginsenoside compound K suppresses the hepatic gluconeogenesis via activating adenosine-5monophosphate kinase: a study ...
Frontiers | Effect of Panax notoginseng Saponins and Major Anti-Obesity Components on Weight Loss
2013). Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces fatty liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in obese rats. J. Lipid Res. 54 (5), 1430 ... and nutrient-sensing kinases AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in adipocyte ... Hardie, D. G. (2011). AMP-activated protein kinase: an energy sensor that regulates all aspects of cell function. Genes Dev. 25 ... Regulation of brown fat by AMP-activated protein kinase. Trends Mol. Med. 21 (9), 571-579. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2015.07.003 ...
Frontiers | Ceramides in Adipose Tissue
Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat Med. (2002 ... Protein kinase B; PDK1, phosphoinositide dependent kinase-1; PKA, Protein kinase A; PP2A, Protein phosphatase 2A; PKCζ, protein ... ceramides activate atypical protein kinase C (PKCζ) which in turn phosphorylates a key residue in the plekstrin homology domain ... An ANGPTL4-ceramide-protein kinase Czeta axis mediates chronic glucocorticoid exposure-induced hepatic steatosis and ...
Frontiers | Meta-Analysis of Adiponectin as a Biomarker for the Detection of Metabolic Syndrome
2002). Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat. Med ... including adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ ... Yamamoto, Y., Hirose, H., Saito, I., Nishikai, K., and Saruta, T. (2004). Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived protein, predicts ... 2002). Androgens decrease plasma adiponectin, an insulin-sensitizing adipocyte-derived protein. Diabetes 51, 2734-2741. doi: ...
Frontiers | Antiaging effects of dietary supplements and natural products
Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth ... Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth ... Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth ... and activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K)/AKT and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling ...
Frontiers | Plantain flour: A potential anti-obesity ingredient for intestinal flora regulation and improved hormone secretion
... and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway genes (Pparaa, Cpt1a, Prkaa1, Prkab1, Prkaa2, and Ppargc1a)were ... Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the liver tissues displayed that the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-1α ( ... 2003). Identification of phosphorylation sites in AMP-activated protein Kinase (AMPK) for upstream AMPK Kinases and study of ... Jäger, S., Handschin, C., St.-Pierre, J., and Spiegelman Bruce, M. (2007). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in ...
Frontiers | Involvement of TGF-β and Autophagy Pathways in Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Biological and...
2011). Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy. Science 331, 456- ... adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), sulfiredoxin (SRX), WD-repeat ... and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) are also activated by TGF-β receptors. When activated, these various ... Hardie, D. G. (2003). Minireview: the AMP-activated protein kinase cascade: the key sensor of cellular energy status. ...
Frontiers | Qushi Huayu decoction ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by modulating gut microbiota and serum...
... and platelet activating factor (PAF). Finally, Spearmans correlation analysis showed that NAFLD related differential lipid ... Qushi huayu decoction inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in vivo and in vitro. Evid ... steatohepatitis by Qushi Huayu decoction is associated with inhibition of the intestinal mitogen-activated protein kinase ... Phospholipid transfer protein can transfer SM between VLDL and HDL (58). Through oxidization, the FAs taken up by hepatocytes ...
Frontiers | miR-301, Pleiotropic MicroRNA in Regulation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colitis-Associated Cancer
... the innate immune cells of GI mucosa release pro-inflammatory cytokines and activate an adaptive immune response to aggravating ... The innate immune response also includes complements proteins, defensins, and chemokines which attract inflammatory leukocytes ... protective plasma protein, and circulating leukocytes such as phagocytic macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells (DC), ... miR-301a modulates doxorubicin resistance and targets AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1. miR-301a expression is identified ...
Frontiers | The role of Neurochemicals, Stress Hormones and Immune System in the Positive Feedback Loops between Diabetes,...
Their pathways interact with each other through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other mechanisms (116). mTOR is a ... Metformin alleviates hepatosteatosis by restoring SIRT1-mediated autophagy induction via an AMP-activated protein kinase- ... CD36 activates C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and both are required for macrophages to adopt a foamy appearance (101). The ... This inhibits Sirt1 and activates mTOR to initiate protein production and cell growth while inhibiting autophagy (119, 120). At ...
Frontiers | Pioglitazone Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of NF-κB Activation and Inflammation in...
Furthermore, it elevated the expression of PPAR-γ protein and decreased the expression of NF-κB-related proteins. Pioglitazone ... Furthermore, it elevated the expression of PPAR-γ protein and decreased the expression of NF-κB-related proteins. Pioglitazone ... proteins, and mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and MCP-1, in the renal tissue of various ... proteins, and mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and MCP-1, in the renal tissue of various ...
Frontiers | Gut Microbiome and Space Travelers' Health: State of the Art and Possible Pro/Prebiotic Strategies for Long-Term...
... mediated by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (Peng et al., 2009) and downregulation of claudin 2 expression (Daly ... Butyrate enhances the intestinal barrier by facilitating tight junction assembly via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase ... Hatton, J. P., Gaubert, F., Cazenave, J. P., and Schmitt, D. (2002). Microgravity modifies protein kinase C isoform ... but also with decreased protein synthesis (in flight), increased protein catabolism (in bed rest), and subsequent loss of lean ...
Frontiers | Sarcopenia and Androgens: A Link between Pathology and Treatment
... that the energy sensors mTOR and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) control cell growth and metabolism in testosterone-induced ... Testosterone stimulates intracellular calcium release and mitogen-activated protein kinases via a G protein-coupled receptor in ... which lies upstream of the critical translation regulator 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), to increase protein ... By activating mTOR, testosterone may induce phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and its release from eIF4E, a ...
Frontiers | The Relationship Between Diabetes Mellitus and Cancers and Its Underlying Mechanisms
AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, concomitant reduces insulin levels, and increases insulin sensitivity ( ... Phenotypes and Genotypes of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1, IGF-Binding Protein-3 and Cancer Risk: Evidence From 96 Studies. Eur ... Insulin Analogues Differently Activate Insulin Receptor Isoforms and Post-Receptor Signalling. Diabetologia (2010) 53:1743-53. ... Ma Y, Wang B, Li L, Wang F, Xia X. The Administration of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Alpha/Gamma Agonist TZD18 ...
Frontiers | The Effects of Curcumin on Weight Loss Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders: A Systematic...
Curcumin intake also up-regulates the gene expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), perhaps via liver ... and by increasing monophosphate-activated protein kinase and consequently lipolysis (Lee et al., 2009). Curcumin may increase ... kinase B1, and this activated AMPK, which subsequently can function as a sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activator (Binion et al., 2008). It ... Inhibiting key transcriptional proteins related to adipogenesis may result in weight reduction and decreasing adipose tissue ( ...
Frontiers | Targeting Sphingolipids for Cancer Therapy
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (208), mTOR (208), Erk1/2 (182, 186, 189, 191, 196, 197, 206), and PI3K/Akt (179, 180, 194 ... mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK) (125, 141, 146), Akt (125, 142-144, 228), Erk1/2 (141, 143-145), c-Jun NH2-terminal ... as well as p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1)/p-Lin-11/Isl-1/Mec-3 kinase 1 (LIMK1)/Cofilin1 signaling) (77, 78, 81, 82, 84, 87, 90- ... The Role of Protein Kinase C in the Synergistic Interaction of Safingol and Irinotecan in Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Oncol (2009 ...
Frontiers | Cellular Senescence in Kidney Fibrosis: Pathologic Significance and Therapeutic Strategies
AMP) to ATP and further activating 5-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase ... CCAT/enhancer binding protein-β (C/EBP-β), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (Flanagan et al., 2018). DNA damage and ... which then activates downstream pathways such as TGF-β, NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NAPDH oxidase (NOX ... and activate extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) and Snail1 (Yuan et al., 2012; Balakumar et al., 2019 ...
Frontiers | Deciphering Risperidone-Induced Lipogenesis by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Validation
... mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β- ... mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid beta ... protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit β 2), Prkab1 (protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit β 1), Acsl3 ... mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14, PDB ID 6HWU), (B) mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8, PDB ID 4AWI), (C) ...
Frontiers | Gut Microbiota: An Important Player in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
... monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) by activating G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), which in turn led to ... Takeda G-protein receptor 5; cAMP, Cyclic AMP; D2, Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase; FGF21, Fibroblast growth factor 21; UCP1, ... 2018). Intestine Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist and the Gut Microbiota Activate G-Protein Bile Acid Receptor-1 Signaling to ... More importantly, the specific bacterial species in humans could also secrete BefA-like proteins, and these proteins had ...
Frontiers | Unraveling the Link Between Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neuroinflammation
Then, it can be sensed by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) receptor, activating its adaptor protein STING (stimulator of ... protein, and not by directly altering PTPIP51- VAPB expression, but by activating glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3b), ... Tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein 51 (PTPIP51), and the integral ER protein vesicle-associated membrane protein- ... induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and E3-ubiquitin ligase protein (Parkin). These proteins accumulate in the OMM and ...
Frontiers | How Energy Metabolism Supports Cerebral Function: Insights from 13C Magnetic Resonance Studies In vivo
Nitric oxide switches on glycolysis through the AMP protein kinase and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase pathway. Nat. Cell Biol. 6, 45- ... mediating Ca2+ signaling and ATP-dependent soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE) ... soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor; CA, tricarboxylic acid cycle; Tmax: apparent maximum ... Erb, L., and Weisman, G. (2012). Coupling of P2Y receptors to G proteins and other signaling pathways. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. ...
Frontiers | Human Antimicrobial RNases Inhibit Intracellular Bacterial Growth and Induce Autophagy in Mycobacteria-Infected...
The protein induction of autophagy was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Specific ... The protein induction of autophagy was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Specific ... Within the RNaseA superfamily there is a group of highly cationic proteins secreted by innate immune cells with anti-infective ... We observed the proteins internalization within macrophages and their capacity to eradicate the intracellular mycobacterial ...
Frontiers | Macrophage Autophagy and Bacterial Infections
In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with ... In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with ... proteins organized in several functional units (2). Upon autophagy activation, Atgs, serine/threonine kinase ULK1, and Beclin-1 ... and other signaling platforms activated during the infection (4, 5). Furthermore, Atgs proteins have non-autophagic functions ...
Frontiers | Hemocyte-Mediated Phagocytosis in Crustaceans
Deachamag P, Intaraphad U, Phongdara A, Chotigeat W. Expression of a phagocytosis activating protein (PAP) gene in immunized ... ROCK2, serine/threonine kinase Rho kinase 2; SRC, class C scavenger receptor; SRB, class B scavenger receptor; Dscam, Down ... AMPs have been well-characterized as important effectors in the innate immune system in both insect and crustacean, which are ... For instance, the recombinant phagocytosis-activating protein (PAP) was shown to significantly promote the phagocytic activity ...
Frontiers | Antifungal defensins and their role in plant defense
AMP) have been studied. However, Broekaert et al. (1995) only coined the term ... AMP) have been studied. However, Broekaert only coined the term ... Two mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades mediate ... They assayed four AMP isolated from Aesculus hippocastanum (Ah-AMP1), Clitoria ternatea (Ct-AMP1), Dahlia merckii (Dm-AMP1), ... 1992). Analysis of 2 novel classes of plant antifungal proteins from radish (Raphanus-sativus l) seeds. J. Biol. Chem. 267, ...
Frontiers | The Inhibitory Effect of Curcumin Derivative J147 on Melanogenesis and Melanosome Transport by Facilitating ERK...
Once activated, it resulted in MITF degradation and further down-regulated the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, Myosin ... Once activated, it resulted in MITF degradation and further down-regulated the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, Rab27a ... J147 played these roles mainly by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. ... J147 played these roles mainly by activating the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. ...
Frontiers | Effector T Helper Cell Subsets in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
STAT3 is activated via phosphorylation by kinases associated with the IL-6 and IL-21 receptor and is critical for in vitro and ... IL-22 Binding Protein (IL-22BP). IL-22 binding protein exists as soluble inhibitory receptor and it is expressed at high levels ... 42) demonstrated that IL-17 signaling was also critical for production of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) that may influence ... STAT6 is activated by the cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and binds a number of IL-4-responsive promoters (170). Activated STAT6, as ...
Frontiers | Pharmacological Programming of Endosomal Signaling Activated by Small Molecule Ligands of the Follicle Stimulating...
The VEE is a heterogeneous compartment containing the adaptor protein APPL1 with distinct functions in regulating endosomal ... The VEE is a heterogeneous compartment containing the Adaptor Protein Phosphotyrosine Interacting with Pleckstrin homology ... is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with pivotal roles in reproduction. One key mechanism dictating the signal activity of ... is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with pivotal roles in reproduction. One key mechanism dictating the signal activity of ...
Frontiers | HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase-Regulated Txnip Degradation Facilitates TLR2-Mediated Inflammation During Group A...
... of Txnip degradation by pharmacologically inhibiting the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with heclin and AMP-dependent protein kinase ... of Txnip degradation by pharmacologically inhibiting the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase with heclin and AMP-dependent protein kinase ... Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) inhibits the activity of thioredoxin (Trx) to modulate inflammatory responses. The ... Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) inhibits the activity of thioredoxin (Trx) to modulate inflammatory responses. The ...