Antiglucocorticoid and related treatments for psychosis | Cochrane
This effect was not seen immediately but 21 days after the intervention was begun. Adverse effect data varied. When individual ... Some global state findings suggest a favourable effect for mifepristone, and a few overall adverse effect findings favour ... Psychotic disorders affect about 3% of the population and may cause high levels of disability, making it a significant public ... We used a fixed-effect meta-analysis. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous ...
Personalised risk communication for informed decision making about taking screening tests | Cochrane
The overall odds ratios (ORs) for informed decision were 4.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.62 to 5.53 for fixed effect) and ... Our results (OR 1.15 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.29)) constitute low quality evidence, consistent with a small effect, that personalised ... However they did not significantly affect participants anxiety. The results also indicated that providing people with ...
Do probiotics help to treat acute infectious diarrhoea? | Cochrane
Probiotics may not affect how long acute diarrhoea lasts. We do not know if they can shorten the time to recovery from ... Effect size was similar and marked heterogeneity persisted in pre-specified subgroup analyses of the primary outcomes that ... Effect size was similar in the sensitivity analysis and marked heterogeneity persisted. Publication bias was demonstrated from ... In addition, there were no clear differences in effect size for the primary outcomes in post hoc analyses according to decade ...
Is methylphenidate an effective treatment for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and...
Methylphenidate may not affect serious adverse events (risk ratio (RR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.67; I² = 0%; 26 trials, 3673 ... It can be formulated to have an immediate effect, or be delivered slowly, over a period of hours. Methylphenidate may cause ... Methylphenidate might also help to improve general behaviour, but does not seem to affect quality of life. ... but may not affect quality of life (SMD 0.40, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.83; I² = 81%; 4 trials, 608 participants; very low-certainty ...
Vaginal inserts for prevention of sexually transmitted infections | Cochrane
We conducted a fixed-effect meta-analysis, stratified by type of microbicide, and assessed the certainty of the evidence using ... Other types of vaginal microbicides have not shown evidence of an effect on acquisition of STIs, including HIV. Further ... The evidence also suggests that current topical microbicides may not have an effect on the risk of acquiring gonorrhoea, ... while the other did not find evidence of an effect (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.03; 1003 participants). We have not reported the ...
Mepolizumab, reslizumab or benralizumab for people already taking inhaled steroids and long-acting beta 2-agonists for their...
It affects around 350 million people worldwide. Mepolizumab, reslizumab and benralizumab are anti-IL-5 treatments that may ... Non-eosinophilic participants treated with benralizumab also showed a significant reduction in exacerbation rates, an effect ... and that the small number who did not complete the study did not affect the findings. ...
Featured Review: Does behavioural support help people to stop smoking? | Cochrane
the effect of who gives the behavioural support.. Only some studies reported results for unwanted effects; in these, ...
Alternative versus conventional institutional settings for birth | Cochrane
There was no apparent effect on other adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes. Care by the same or separate staff had no apparent ...
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for depression in children and adolescents | Cochrane
Estimate the effect of each type of omega-3 PUFA (EPA or DHA), compared with placebo, on depression; ... Determine if the effect is modified by dosage, format (capsule or liquid), sex or age. ... Estimate the size of the effect of omega-3 PUFAs on depression; ...
Galantamine improves global and cognitive symptoms at doses of 16 mg/day or greater, in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer...
Point estimate of effect was lower for 8 mg/d but similar for 16 mg to 36 mg per day. For example, treatment effect for 24 mg/d ... Galantamines effect on more severely impaired subjects has not yet been assessed.. Nevertheless, this review shows consistent ... ADCS-ADL, DAD and NPI were reported only in a small proportion of trials: all showed significant treatment effect in some ... Although there was not a statistically significant dose-response effect, doses above 8 mg/d were, for the most part, ...
What are the benefits and risks of positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease? | Cochrane
The summary effect showed that people receiving positive pressure therapy had, on average, 0.84 fewer days per month affected ... This means that we have very low confidence that the effects reported are accurate estimates of the true effect of these ... Ménières disease is a condition that affects the inner ear. It causes repeated attacks of dizziness or vertigo (a spinning ...
Erythropoietin or darbepoetin for patients with cancer | Cochrane
There was insufficient evidence to support an effect of ESA on tumour response (fixed-effect RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.06, 15 ... More data are needed for the effect of these drugs on quality of life and tumour progression. Further research is needed to ... Researchers in The Cochrane Collaboration conducted a review of the effect of epoetin and darbepoetin for people with cancer. ... Whether and how ESAs affects tumour control remains uncertain. The increased risk of death and thromboembolic events should be ...
Some evidence to suggest that target payments to physicians increase immunisation rates | Cochrane
The method by which physicians are paid may affect their professional practice. Although payment systems may be used to achieve ...
Amitriptyline for fibromyalgia in adults | Cochrane
There is no good evidence of a lack of effect; rather our concern should be of overestimation of treatment effect. ... The fact that there is no supportive unbiased evidence for a beneficial effect is disappointing, but has to be balanced against ... or measure the size of the effect. ...
Effectiveness of creatine analogues in cardiac disease | Cochrane
The effect on death and the size of myocardial infarction and the heart function were unclear. Given the small sample size of ... In particular, it is not clear whether there is an effect on mortality, progression of myocardial infarction and ejection ... The main effect of the interventions seems to be on improvement of dysrhythmia. ... with no significant effect of creatine or creatine analogues (RR 0.73, CI: 0.22 - 2.45). In addition, there was no significance ...
Chinese herbal medicines for type 2 diabetes mellitus | Cochrane
Some herbal medicines show hypoglycaemic effect sin type 2 diabetes. However, these findings should be carefully interpreted ...
Aminoadamantanes for chronic hepatitis C | Cochrane
We were unable to assess the effect of amantadine on quality of life due to lack of data from the trials. Furthermore, ... Overall, we did not see an effect of amantadine on failure to achieve a sustained virological response. Subgroup analyses ... This review evaluates whether amantadine has any beneficial or harmful effect in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The primary ... Chronic hepatitis C infection affects around 3% of the worlds population and progresses slowly. Most patients present without ...
Does preconception lifestyle advice help people with infertility to have a baby? | Cochrane
Preconception lifestyle advice on a combination of topics may not affect live birth. The evidence suggests that if live birth ... We are uncertain whether preconception lifestyle advice on alcohol intake affects the number of live births (RR 1.15, 95% CI ... We are uncertain whether preconception lifestyle advice on weight for women with infertility and obesity affects live birth or ... Due to very low-quality evidence, we are uncertain whether preconception lifestyle advice on a combination of topics affects ...
Antivirals for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis | Cochrane
It can affect both adults and children causing airway obstruction and voice change. Treatment usually involves repeated ...
Nitrous oxide-based versus nitrous oxide-free general anaesthesia and accidental awareness during general anaesthesia in...
To assess the effect of general anaesthesia including nitrous oxide on the risk of AAGA in patients aged five years and over. ... We reviewed the evidence about the effect of nitrous oxide used as part of a general anaesthesia on the risk of accidental ... We cannot therefore determine whether the use of nitrous oxide in general anaesthesia increases, decreases or has no effect on ... The included studies were mainly small (fewer than 120 participants) and there were limited estimates of effect, with only two ...
Local steroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome | Cochrane
As many as 1 in 5 people are affected, with the vast majority being women. The good news is that corticosteroid injections have ... Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that affects people worldwide. There are several Cochrane reviews and these were ... Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common condition that affects people worldwide. There are several Cochrane reviews and these were ...
Clinical effects of cardiovascular risk scores in people without cardiovascular disease | Cochrane
Low-quality evidence suggests that providing CVD risk scores had little or no effect on the number of people who develop heart ... Low-quality evidence evidence suggests that providing CVD risk scores may have little or no effect on CVD events compared with ... There is uncertainty whether current strategies for providing CVD risk scores affect CVD events. Providing CVD risk scores may ... their effect on clinical outcomes is uncertain. ...
Nutritional supplementation for older people after hip fracture | Cochrane
The studies had flaws in their methods that may affect the validity of their results. Some evidence was very low quality which ... One study provided very low-quality evidence that giving feed into a vein initially and then by mouth may not affect mortality ... There is very low-quality evidence from one trial (57 participants, mainly men) of no evidence for an effect of tube feeding ... One study provided very low-quality evidence that nasogastric tube feeding followed by oral feeds may not affect mortality or ...
Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus | Cochrane
In children, it can affect the long term development of vision in the affected eye. There are many causes of strabismus. In ... These two studies provided low-certainty evidence that botulinum toxin may have little to no effect on achieving sensory fusion ... We found low-certainty evidence suggesting botulinum toxin may have little to no effect on achievement of binocular single ... The number of people affected ranged from 2 to 4 in 10 people. Everyone recovered when treatment was stopped. ...
Can medicines prevent venous thromboembolism after weight-loss surgery? | Cochrane
... effect not estimable or very low-certainty evidence). We were unable to assess the effect of this intervention on PE or adverse ... We were unable to assess the effect of this intervention on major bleeding or morality (effect not estimable), or on PE or ... We searched for studies that examined the effect of any medicine for preventing VTE in people undergoing bariatric surgery, ... They should also address the effect of direct oral anticoagulants and antiplatelets, preferably grouping them according to the ...
Search for Podcasts | Cochrane
The effect of individual-level interventions for reducing stress in healthcare workers 30 Oct 2023 ...
Olanzapine for the prevention and treatment of cancer-related nausea and vomiting in adults | Cochrane
Olanzapine probably does not affect all-cause attrition (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.73; 943 participants; 8 studies; I² = 0%). ... a substance with no therapeutic effect) or no treatment. Other studies compared olanzapine to other antiemetics. ...
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents | Cochrane
... the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect or we have very little confidence in the effect ... the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect, or we have very little confidence in the effect ... We found no beneficial effect of psychological interventions on depression symptoms. In contrast, we found a beneficial effect ... or the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. ...
How effective are dressings and topical agents in the management of wounds after surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus of the...
A vacuum effect, created by the motion of the buttocks, may draw more hairs down into the inflamed area. Symptoms can be very ... We do not know if collagen sponge soaked in antibiotic has any effect on the time to wound healing compared with no dressing. ... It is also unclear whether TNPWT has any effect on the proportion of wounds healed by 30 days (risk ratio (RR) 3.60, 95% CI ... Compared with placebo mesh, mesh with zinc oxide (which is thought to have healing properties) may have little or no effect on ...
Non-steroid agents for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Cochrane
From the studies in this review, interferon gamma-1beta has not been shown to affect survival. Other agents evaluated in single ... Data on the effect of pirfenidone on pulmonary function could only be assessed for two studies analysing 314 patients. Forced ... were disappointing and failed to show an effect on improving survival. Four studies did evaluate pirfenidone, an anti-fibrotic ...