Confocal microscopy was used to image stages of equine zygote development, at timed intervals, after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) of oocytes that were matured in vivo or in vitro. After fixation for 4, 6, 8, 12, or 16 h after ICSI, zygotes were incubated with α/β tubulin antibodies and hu …

TY - JOUR. T1 - Universal features of post-transcriptional gene regulation are critical for Plasmodium zygote development. AU - Mair, Gunnar R.. AU - Lasonder, Edwin. AU - Garver, Lindsey S.. AU - Franke-Fayard, Blandine M.D.. AU - Carret, Céline K.. AU - Wiegant, Joop C.A.G.. AU - Dirks, Roeland W.. AU - Dimopoulos, George. AU - Janse, Chris J.. AU - Waters, Andrew P.. N1 - Funding information: This study was supported by a BioMalPar Network of Excellence and a Wellcome Trust Functional Genomics Initiative grant to APW and a Netherlands Genomics Initiative HORIZON Project (050-71-061) to GRM; CKC is recipient of an Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BPD/40965/2007) fellowship. APW is a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow. This work has been supported by the National Institutes of Health/National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Disease 1R01AI061576-01A1, the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and Johns Hopkins School of Public Health (GD). LSG was supported by a ...

Some peculiarities in gametogenesis, zygote formation, maturation and germination induced by phosphorus limitation on the homothallic alga Chlamydomonas geitleri ...

Multipronuclear human eggs are frequent after in vitro fertilization. Their chromosome analysis can provide useful information. Before cleavage it can confirm the suspected polyploidy. Among the cleaved multipronuclear eggs it provides an estimation

In all Metazoa, transcription is inactive during the first mitotic cycles after fertilisation. In Drosophila melanogaster, Zygotic Genome Activation (ZGA) occurs in two waves, starting respectively at mitotic cycles 8 (approximately 60 genes) and 14 (over a thousand genes). The regulatory mechanisms underlying these drastic transcriptional changes remain largely unknown. We developed an original gene clustering method based on discretized transition profiles, and applied it to datasets from three landmark early embryonic transcriptome studies. We identified 417 genes significantly up-regulated during ZGA. De novo motif discovery returned nine motifs over-represented in their non-coding sequences (upstream, introns, UTR), three of which correspond to previously known transcription factors: Zelda, Tramtrack and Trithorax-like (Trl). The nine discovered motifs were combined to scan ZGA-associated regions and predict about 1300 putative cis-regulatory modules. The fact that Trl is known to act as chromatin

When mating type plus and minus gametes of Chlamydomonas are mixed, they agglutinate with each other via their flagella, fuse, then initiate the zygote formation program which includes synthesis of the zygote cell wall, fusion of nuclei and chloroplasts, and the digestion of chloroplast DNA from the minus parent. The mRNAs from gamete and zygote cells was isolated and hybridized to cDNA-macroarray filters both to identify new genes expressed during the mating reaction and the early zygote formation process and to analyze the gene expression programs that underlie these sexual processes. Twenty-one novel genes were identified in this screen, designated as EZY (early zygote expressed) genes. The EZY genes included genes encoding proteins whose function is unknown, and genes encoding proteins that appear to be involved in processes such as cell wall synthesis, gene expression, intracellular trafficking or secretion, and vesicular transport in zygotic cells. All of the EZY genes were strongly ...

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The formation of the blastomere nucleus was examined in the rabbit zygote with the electron microscope. In late anaphase the chromosomes are bare and vesicles of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum are numerous in the vicinity of the chromosomes. In early telophase individual chromosomes attain their own nuclear envelope and they are called karyomeres. The envelope of the karyomeres contains small gaps within it at several places where the chromatin is exposed to the cytoplasm. Nuclear pores are also observed. In the cytoplasm short annulate lamellae appear adjacent to the karyomeres, and clusters of punctate substance are also present. From early telophase onward the karyomeres extend pseudopod-like structures, called karyopods, which extend toward other karyomeres or karyopods, and consequently fuse together and serve as chromosomal bridges. Eventually all of the karyomeres fuse into a dense nucleus and decondensation of the chromosomes occurs. ...

Previous experiments revealed a strain-dependent effect of egg cytoplasm on the developmental potential of androgenetic (two paternal genomes) mouse embryos. Eggs obtained from C57BL/6 mice supported androgenone development to the blastocyst stage at a much higher frequency than eggs from DBA/2 mice. Transient exposure of paternal pronuclei to DBA/2 egg cytoplasm also compromised development, indicating that the DBA/2 egg cytoplasm negatively affected the ability of paternal pronuclei to support blastocyst formation. An essential first step toward understanding the molecular mechanism by which egg modifier factors influence gene expression is to determine the number of loci that are responsible for the strain difference. To do this, (B6D2)F1 hybrid females were backcrossed to DBA/2 males and the eggs from individual female progeny assayed for their ability to support androgenetic development. Approximately one fourth of the backcross females produced eggs that failed to support androgenone ...

Next, Simmons attempts to tackle the potentiality argument. Its true that something that is only potentially human or potentially a person is not as valuable as an actual human or an actual person, but the unborn are not potential humans or potential persons. They are human persons with potential. Simmons, here, is failing to note the distinction between passive potentiality and active potentiality. Sperm and egg are potential humans, in the same way that flour and sugar are potentially a cake. They have the passive potential to become a cake because they are only ingredients; they do not have it in themselves to develop into a cake. In fact, it makes no sense to call them a cake because the flour and sugar can be used to make anything. Sperm and egg only have passive potentiality. But the unborn from the zygote stage have an active potentiality; everything they will ever be and develop is already present from the earliest stage, they just have to develop it. Human zygotes are human persons ...

Every living organism on this planet comes through the wonderful process of growth which starts from the sexual reproduction up to the giving birth. This process includes the microcellular growths in every female organism like the humans. In these processes, the stages called the zygote and the embryo, which are actually the initial stages of the life of an organism. But these two are often having some confusing issues about their meanings and differences.. The zygote starts as unicellular and is formed in the fertilization after the paternal gene pools derived gamete arrives and meet the maternal gene pools derived gamete. This is the explanation on why is zygote is the first stage of the life of an organism which. This stage is in unicellular structure and is the product of the genetic material fusion of the parents during the sexual reproduction.. The embryo is also one of the initial stages of a eukaryotic animals life cycle. But compared to the zygote that starts as unicellular, the ...

Zygote. This cell, formed by the union of an ovum and a sperm (Gr. zyg tos, yoked together), represents the beginning of a human being. The common expression fertilized ovum refers to the zygote.[Moore, Keith L. and Persaud, T.V.N. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 4th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1993, p. 1]The chromosomes of the oocyte and sperm are...respectively enclosed within female and male pronuclei. These pronuclei fuse with each other to produce the single, diploid, 2N nucleus of the fertilized zygote. This moment of zygote formation may be taken as the beginning or zero time point of embryonic development.[Larsen, William J. Human Embryology. 2nd edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1997, p. 17 ...

November 16, 1995Hundreds of thousands of times a year a single-celled zygote, smaller than a grain of sand, transforms into an amazingly complex network of cells, a newborn infant. Through cellular differentiation and growth, this process is completed...

Originally Posted by repeter biologically it can be considered a parasite. Since the conventional thinking is that a zygote is a good thing, because i

We describe a transgenic mouse line carrying the cre transgene under the control of the adenovirus EIIa promoter that targets expression of the Cre recombinase to the early mouse embryo. To assess the ability of this recombinase to excise loxP-flanked DNA sequences at early stages of development, we bred EIIa-cre transgenic mice to two different mouse lines carrying loxP-flanked target sequences: (i) a strain with a single gene-targeted neomycin resistance gene flanked by 1oxP sites and (ii) a transgenic line carrying multiple transgene copies with internal loxP sites. Mating either of these loxP-carrying mouse lines to EIIa-cre mice resulted in first generation progeny in which the loxP-flanked sequences had been efficiently deleted from all tissues tested, including the germ cells. Interbreeding of these first generation progeny resulted in efficient germ-line transmission of the deletion to subsequent generations. These results demonstrate a method by which loxP-flanked DNA sequences can be ...

Remarkably, a motif corresponding to the Tramtrack (TTK) binding motif was discovered with the de novo approach. TTK is a maternal repressor, which is progressively titrated as the NC ratio increases during early mitotic cycles, thereby releasing the expression of zygotic genes [5]. Surprisingly, the TTK binding motif is found over-represented in the sequences of pre-cellular activated blastoderm genes and of the genes with the discrete signature Lu u s D s s H , but not in the sequences of genes known to depend on the NC ratio, which might be explained by the intervention of some other factors in this mechanism [5].. The TTK protein has been reported to physically interact with TRL proteins and to repress TRL-mediated even-skipped activation [20]. TTK could act either directly by binding DNA and repressing the transcription of specific target genes, or indirectly by repressing an activator such as Trl. Interestingly, the TTK motif is significantly under-represented (sig = 5) in upstream ...

In most organisms, control of the developmental program involves a regulated transition from maternally supplied mRNAs and proteins to newly synthesized zygotically encoded factors. This phenomena, known as the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT), is observed in a wide range of embryos in the animal and plant kingdoms; in chordates, the MZT typically occurs during midblastula stages, and therefore is often referred to as the midblastula transition (MBT). Early development of most organisms is exclusively maternally controlled, and the zygotic genome of the embryo remains transcriptionally silent until after the MBT, when the transition to zygotic control culminates. Recent work in a number of organisms has identified several genes that are activated prior to the MBT, but whether precocious expression of specific mRNAs is important for later development has not been examined in detail. In this work, I characterize the role of a maternal transcription factor in preMBT transcription, and identify a

Maternal-zygotic interactions involving the three genes dorsal (dl), twist (twi) and snail (sna) are described. The results suggest that all three are involved in the process by which the dorsoventral pattern of the Drosophila embryo is established. First, the lethal embryonic mutant phenotypes are rather similar. In homozygous twi or sna embryos invagination of the ventral presumptive mesodermal cells fails to occur, and the resulting embryos are devoid of internal organs. This is very similar to the dominant phenotype described for dl; in the case of dl, however, the effect is a maternal one dependent on the mutant genotype of the female. Second, a synergistic interaction has been found whereby dominant lethality of twi- or sna-bearing zygotes is observed in embryos derived from heterozygous dl females at high temperature. The temperature sensitivity of this interaction permitted definition of a temperature-sensitive period which is probably that of dl. This was found to extend from ...

After the merger of the male nucleus pro Pro female nucleus, the zygote is formed which represents a unique and extraordinary leap, since this cell has its own DNA, its own genetic code (genome) which is activated early, Zygote each gene can produce up to 98 000 proteins and each protein has a nitrogenous base pairs 1000-2000, broadcasting from the early hours the Early preganancy Factor (EPF), a specific protein that is responsible for tell the endometrium that does not reject a blastocyst, SRY transcripts were detected in human embryos from stage of a cell (zygote) which confirms the thesis that from the moment of conception the human embryo is expressed as a new being biologically different from their parents live forever, this complexity is accompanied by an extraordinary capacity for cell multiplication will lead to growth and development stages from quantitative and blastomere, morula, blastocyst, nesting, etc. embryogenesis. That after nine months ending screaming into the arms of his ...

A zygote is the cell formed when two gametes fuse during fertilization. The DNA material from the two cells is combined in the resulting zygote. The cellular mechanisms present in the gametes also function in the zygote, but the newly fused DNA produces a different effect in the new cell.

Blomkamps ambitious experimental indie project is already in full swing, with Rakka, Firebase, and God: Serengeti already released. All three shorts have received high-praise from fans across the world. Zygote is more of the same and features a very weird creature thats made up of mutated legs, arms and eyes. Its probably the goriest one of the lot so far. It opens with two people trapped in a mining facility somewhere in the Arctic Circle where they face off against the ungodly creature.. Oats Studios - Volume 1 wraps up with Zygote. If you enjoyed that 20-minute short film head on over to Steam and help support the production. For only $4.99 you can purchase and download exclusive content from Zygote. ...

Oats Studios and filmmaker Neill Blomkamp (District 9, Elysium, and Chappie) are pleased to announce the latest short film in the Oats Studios Volume I anthology, ZYGOTE.. Starring Dakota Fanning and Jose Pablo Cantillo, ZYGOTE will be available for free on July 12, 2017 via the Oats Studios YouTube, Steam, and Facebook channels.. Exclusively on the Steam platform, fans of ZYGOTE will be able to access a wealth of specialty behind-the scenes content including dailies, an HQ stereo version, concept art, sound stems, 3D models, the musical score, and more for just $4.99. This contribution will go towards Oats Studios and their mission of creating cutting edge, compelling films for their dedicated audience.. ...

patch -p1 ,,EOF --- a/rootdir/init.zygote32.rc +++ b/rootdir/init.zygote32.rc @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server +service zygote /system/xbin/strace -o /data/local/tmp/zygote.strace /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server class main socket zygote stream 660 root system onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake ...

service zygote_secondary /system/bin/app_process32 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --socket-name=zygote_secondary --enable-lazy-preload ...

Cell polarity is essential for the asymmetric divisions that generate cell diversity during development and for the functional specialization of many differentiated cell types. Recently a complex of three proteins (the PDZ domain proteins PAR-3 and PAR-6 and the atypical protein kinase C PKC-3) has emerged as a core regulator of cell polarity in cells as diverse as C. elegans zygotes, Drosophila oocytes and neuroblasts, and mammalian epithelial cells (for a review, see Doe, 2001). Although the function of these proteins in regulating cell polarity appears to have been conserved in evolution, the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood.. In C. elegans, PAR-3, PAR-6 and PKC-3 are required to polarize the newly fertilized egg along its anterior-posterior (AP) axis (for a review, see Lyczak et al., 2002). This axis is established shortly after fertilization and arises in response to a cue associated with the sperm asters, which defines the posterior end of the embryo. In response to ...

Principal Investigator: Kikue Tachibana-Konwalski. Fertilization transforms two highly differentiated cells, egg and sperm, into a single totipotent cell-the zygote-with the potential to give rise to a complete organism. Female germ cells called oocytes undergo two rounds of meiotic chromosome segregation to produce haploid eggs. The oocyte-to-zygote transition occurs in the absence of transcription and involves global changes in protein synthesis and degradation. Zygote formation involves a dramatic reorganization of sperm chromatin by factors stored in the oocyte. How chromatin is assembled and reprogrammed after fertilization remain crucial questions in biology.. Our group aims to define the molecular events driving the mammalian oocyte-to-zygote transition and to understand how age-dependent deterioration of these mechanisms impacts fertility. We focus on the switch from the meiotic to the mitotic cell cycle machinery at fertilization and maternal control of sperm chromatin reorganization. ...

Basics of gametogenesis, ovulation and fertilization processes. Early state zygote development and embryo cleavage, implantation and development of embryonic layers. Main steps of embryonic and fetal development as well as development of placenta and fetal membranes. Main disorders and teratogens in embryonic and fetal development. Basics of organ development through group work activities ...

point out that early reproduction is highly phasic, with each phase showing susceptibility to water deficits. Meiosis, anthesis, pollen fertility, pollination, female fertility, and early zygote development are susceptible, and their failure diminishes the number of kernels that the plant produces. Later in development, water deficits tend to reduce kernel size rather than number, and size seems to be determined in large part by the available photosynthetic reserves that can be moved to the grain. For example, McPherson and Boyer (1977) ...

IVF, the latest technology in reproduction had been found out on 25th July 1978. The sperm from the father and egg from the mother is taken in a glass tube. Within 12-18 hours zygote is formed and later it is allowed to grow for 48-72 hours. The baby developed in test tube is then placed inside the uterus of the mother. Within 10-14 days, if the method is success, the same can be confirmed using a blood test. Sometimes, more than one zygote is placed inside the uterus, to confirm the success. Hence, for one pregnancy to be success, more than one zygote is created. If the first attempt is a success, the other zygotes are either destroyed or kept safe for the medical application, of that baby itself. ...

Paul Stark, a member of Minnesota Citizens Concerned for Life, wrote an opinion piece at LifeNews.com (10/8/15)and stated, Before deciding how we ought to treat the unborn - a moral question - we must first be clear about what the unborn is. This is a scientific question, and it is answered with clarity by the science of human embryology.Stark wrote that the facts of reproduction are clear. At fertilization, the sperm and egg cease to exist. Fertilized eggis an inaccurate term. A zygote - a single cell with 46 chromosomes (23 from each parent) is what exists. This is the point of conception - the beginning of a new human organism. Zygote, embryo and fetus refer to the developmental stages of a human being.Stark continued by pointing out the four features of the unborn (i.e., the human zygote, embryo or fetus)[which] are relevant to his/her status as a human being.First, the unborn is living. She meets all the biological criteria for life: metabolism, cellular reproduction and reaction to ...

Doctors give trusted, helpful answers on causes, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and more: Dr. Livingston on I had my period 2 weeks ago and im spotting: While follicle formation, ovulation, fertilization, zygote formation, implantation are all steps of pregnancy; many more complexities remain: placenta formation, extremely complex cell replication, selective genetic reading, cell|tissue|organ differentiation, etc. Etc. Steps remain. Well over 1/3 of implantation never mature to a healthy live birth. The amazing issue is the percentage which work.

Let us consider a gene FOO with novel type foo.. If I were discussing an organism that has inherited foo in every cell during classical zygote formation, then I would ordinarily just say that the organism has foo.. If I were discussing a SNP of FOO that gives rise to foo in a tumor cell of an organism, I wouldnt say that the organism has foo, but I might say that the tumor has it.. If I were discussing a chimeric or mosaic organism in which some fraction of the chimera had foo and the other fraction had FOO, I would have to say something like in foo-containing cells .... But what if I wanted to particularly draw attention to the scope of applicability of the allele in question? That is, I want to talk about the scope explicitly, rather than implicitly. How could I directly refer to the scope of applicability of an allele? Is there a single adjective that captures the concept of This organism has foo in every cell except in rare ones where a point mutation may have occurred; its probably ...

The egg cell contributes most of the organelles, or organs within a cell, that are needed by the zygote. The sperm only provides its centrioles -- a structure that pulls dividing cells apart -- and a haploid, or half, nucleus. This means that the rest of organelles -- the machinery that makes cells tick -- necessary for the zygotes survival come from the egg. These include the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and smaller vesicles. Additionally, the egg contributes its own haploid nucleus, which will fuse with the sperms haploid nucleus to give a diploid, or full, nucleus that contains all of the DNA needed for growth into a normal embryo.. ...

Zygote Definition - A zygote is the single-cell that is produced when a sperm fertilizes an egg. It is the first cell in the human body.

Zygote: Zygote, fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm). In the embryonic development of humans and other

Neill Blomkamp (District 9) has completed a number of shorts as of late. Out of his new Vancouver based studio, Blomkamp has delivered: The Escape, Rakka, Firebase, and now Zygote. Zygote stars Jose Pablo Cantillo and Dakota Fanning. Characters are trying to survive on a remote base, with a deadly creature. The short film is visually stunning. And, everyone with a set of eyeballs should view it. The entire short, from Oats Studios, is hosted here ...

The influence of various in vitro procedures on embryo survival and the production of normal offspring was investigated in sheep. Zygotes produced from in vitro matured (IVM) and fertilized (IVF) oocytes derived from slaughtered Merino ewes were allocated to three culture treatments for 6.5 days. Two groups were cultured in vitro in the absence or presence of oviduct epithelial cells while the third group was cultured in vivo in the oviducts of synchronized ewes. A fourth group of zygotes obtained from superovulated Merino ewes was also cultured in vivo and served as controls. After culture, IVM-IVF morulae and blastocysts, and control embryos were transferred to final recipient ewes. Pregnancy was diagnosed at day 50 of gestation by ultrasonography and pregnancies were allowed to go to term. The survival to term of IVM-IVF zygotes cultured in vitro was reduced compared with both in vivo cultured IVM-IVF zygotes and control zygotes 25-35% versus 51-60%, respectively, P , 0.05). Day 6.5 IVM-IVF ...

Vertebrate development begins with precise molecular, cellular, and morphogenetic controls to establish the basic body plan of the embryo. In zebrafish, these tightly regulated processes begin during oogenesis and proceed through gastrulation to esta

After commenting on the proliferation of types of organisms, and their adventures and their extinctions, he says, The point is that, if nature has goals, it certainly seems to have many and consciousness would appear to be fairly down the list. So it might seem. But the developmental model accounts for the seeming anomaly. When a human zygote, for example, gives rise to the proliferation of cell types that constitutes a developing body, does that imply that the process has lost its direction and become scattered? Does it imply that the developmental process lacks a particular preferred adult phenotype, that it fails to proceed, teleologically, in a preferred direction? Giraffe, Norway pine, and certified public accountant are equally prospective outcomes of any given ontogeny? No, the adult form is constrained phenotypically by the genotype of the zygote, teleologically in effect--despite the bodys proliferation of cell types. Extinctions during natural history dont count against teleology, ...

Cell division is the biological basis for an organisms growth. In simple unicellular organisms such as yeast (Saccharomyces), this process allows for the creation of a daughter organism. In complex organisms such as humans, cell division enables the development of an individual from the one-celled zygote stage to a fully functioning adult with many trillions of cells.. In order to support an individuals growth, why do cells divide rather than simply expand in size? Incidentally, as a cell expands in size, so do its demands. For example, at a normal size, a cell is able to keep up with its needs for protein synthesis; however, with increased growth, the cell simply cannot deal with the increasing needs without creating extra copies of DNA.. Sufficient nutrient and gas exchange is another problem that a cell would encounter with unlimited expansion. Food, oxygen, and water enter a cell while waste products such as carbon dioxide exit through the cell membrane. The rate at which this exchange ...

Thanks, Samurai. My gut feeling would probably be looked on askance: Out of sight, out of mind. Before ultrasound and other technological advances, the fetus would BE whatever the mother perceived it to be at the time she decided whether to abort or carry to term. She might think of it as something blessed or fearsome, potentially a boon to mankind or a dreaded monster, but the reality would never be known until the fetus became a human being at birth, and would never be known if she decided it was never to be born. I think things were better then; who more qualified and capable to decide whether the fetus would ever see the light of day than the mother, who after all, carried it inside as part of herself? Abort at two weeks or two days until term, or 28-23-20-16- weeks, or all the way back to embryo or even zygote stage at conception ---- It should be her decision and hers alone (with some advice from her physician). Its (the fetuss) absence would be simply a disappearance, with no necessity ...

By 4 days after conception (well before implantation) the human zygote (what those who want abortion-on-demand misidentify as a fertilized egg) gives rise to the blastocyst stage. The blastocyst has 2 cell layers - the trophectoderm, which becomes the placenta, and the inner cell mass, which forms the fetus. The placenta is only partially the mothers, and is mostly developed by the baby. In fact, the tissues of the baby may touch those of the mother, but they do not merge. The blood supply of the mother is never in contact with that of the baby. I write about the placenta, because that is the only point where there could be contention on where the babys body ends and the womans body begins ...

PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

Implantation refers to the attachment of the zygote to the wall of the uterus . The zygote generally implants at the top of the uterus, near where it exits the fallopian tube , beginning between 5 and 8 days after fertilisation and is completed by 9 or 10 days post- conception . The outer layer of this cell mass or trophoblast , attaches itself by secreting proteolytic enzymes, which erode the uterine wall cells, gradually embedding itself firmly in the uterine wall. However, in certain cases the fertilised egg may develop outside the uterus (cf. ectopic pregnancy ). We have now entered the embryonic period of development (2 to 8 weeks post-conception), where the zygote is now referred to as the embryo . As the zygote implants and becomes the embryo, the blastocyst begins to form 2 layers: ...

Embryo polarization is critical for mouse development; however, neither the regulatory clock nor the molecular trigger that it activates is known. Here, we show that the embryo polarization clock reflects the onset of zygotic genome activation, and we identify three factors required to trigger polarization. Advancing the timing of transcription factor AP-2 gamma (Tfap2c) and TEA domain transcription factor 4 (Tead4) expression in the presence of activated Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) induces precocious polarization as well as subsequent cell fate specification and morphogenesis. Tfap2c and Tead4 induce expression of actin regulators that control the recruitment of apical proteins on the membrane, whereas RhoA regulates their lateral mobility, allowing the emergence of the apical domain. Thus, Tfap2c, Tead4, and RhoA are regulators for the onset of polarization and cell fate segregation in the mouse ...

Several evolutionarily conserved proteins constitute a universal mitotic trigger that is precisely controlled during the orderly cell divisions of embryogenesis. As development progresses, the mechanisms controlling this trigger change. Early divisions are executed by maternally synthesized gene products, and in Xenopus they are timed by the accumulation and periodic degradation of cyclin, a trigger component. Later, the zygotic genome assumes control, and in Drosophila, zygotic transcription is required for production of another trigger protein, the product of string. After this transition to zygotic control, pulses of string transcription define the timing of highly patterned embryonic cell divisions and cyclin accumulation is not rate limiting.. ...

Learn how a zygote, the single cell produced by fertilization, divides by mitosis to produce all the tissues of the human body (including germ cells, which can undergo meiosis to make sperm and eggs).

The fusion of egg and sperm results in a normal zygote with 64 chromosomes that develops into an embryo and ultimately a foal. When an egg fuses with a sperm that bears an X the resulting foal will be female - 64,XX. If the egg fuses with a sperm that bears a Y then the foal will be a male 64,XY.. ...

Biology is clear that at conception, also known as fertilization, a unique organism comes into existence. Since this new life possesses human DNA and is the offspring of human parents, it can only legitimately be described as human life.. Since there is no question that human zygotes, embryos and fetuses are alive, some have attempted to claim that human beings are not persons until some threshold is crossed, such as viability, the capacity to feel pain, birth, or even the first year after birth. The merits of such notions could be debated, but it should be clear that they are ...

Zygote has a lot of both the strengths and weaknesses that define Neil Blomkamps work as a storyteller. It has an intriguing premise, but weak plot.