Dumee, Ludovic F., Sears, Kallista, Schutz, Jurg A., Finn, Niall, Duke, Mikel, Mudie, Stephen, Kirby, Nigel and Gray, Stephen 2013, Small angle X-ray scattering study of carbon nanotube forests densified into long range patterns by controlled solvent evaporation, Journal of colloid and interface science, vol. 407, pp. 556-560, doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.018. ...

The high-throughput system shown above enabled measurement of fine phase contrast tomographic images and its application to fresh samples. This result might be a breakthrough in the application of X-ray phase contrast tomography to quantitative dynamic measurements of samples. In this study a preliminary measurement aiming at high-sensitive and quantitative imaging of a fresh sample accompanying a morphological change was demonstrated.. A ring-shaped fresh pig aorta was used for the measurement. The aorta is the largest blood vessel in which blood flow pumps out from the heart and passes through. It is exposed to blood pressure and constantly subjected to physical loads. Sometimes it suffers from fatal diseases such as aorta dissection. Understanding the morphological changes of the aorta under loaded conditions may be useful in clarifying the mechanism of the disease. However, it is difficult to observe the aorta in vivo with high image contrast using X-ray phase contrast tomography. Instead of ...

We report a qualitative study on central nervous system (CNS) damage that demonstrates the ability of X-ray phase contrast tomography (XPCT) to confirm data obtained with standard 2D methodology and permits the description of additional features that are not detected with 2D or other 3D techniques. In contrast to magnetic resonance or computed tomography, XPCT makes possible the high-resolution 3D imaging of soft tissues classically considered

Pinzer, B R; Cacquevel, M; Modregger, P; Thuering, T; Stampanoni, M (2013). Differential X-ray phase contrast tomography of Alzheimer plaques in mouse models: perspectives for drug development and clinical imaging techniques. Journal of Instrumentation, 8(5):C05005. ...

M-87 (NGC 4486), a radio galaxy in the Virgo cluster, exhibits several unusual features which prompted a search for high energy X-radiation from it. Soft X-rays have been detected from the galaxy implying an X-ray luminosity of 10 to the 43rd ergs/sec. The X-ray datum, the optical emission from an unusual jet extending from the nucleus of the galaxy and the radio core emission can all be fitted to a single power-law spectrum characterized by a spectral index of -0.80. Polarization of the optical radiation from the jet indicates that the synchrotron mechanism is probably operative there. A balloon-borne experiment was performed in August, 1967 in an attempt to observe a high energy extrapolation of the radiation from M-87. The detector system is similar to that used previously by the Gamma-Ray Astronomy Group at Rice University. The central detector is a sodium iodide scintillator crystal (thallium activated) 5 cm thick with a sensitive area of 75 cm2 . An on-board 128 channel pulse-height ...

direction over multiple steps that cover a grating period, while taking an image at each step. In this process, the moiré pattern in the images visibly moves across the static projection of the object, giving rise to the intuitive term of fringe scanning as a synonym of phase stepping.. Recognizing that the essential requirement of fringe scanning is a relative movement between the moiré fringes and the projection image of the object, electromagnetic phase stepping achieves the condition by electromagnetically shifting the focal spot of the X-ray tube in a transverse direction across the fringe pattern, e.g., with an externally applied magnetic field that deflects the electron beam in the X-ray tube (Fig. 1A). Shifting the focal spot causes an opposite movement of the projection of the object on the detector plane, while the fringes can be made to remain stationary or move by a different amount. In our setup of the Talbot-Lau interferometer, the moiré fringes are produced by a slight ...

Convert 1 millirem x-radiation to centigrays, mrem X to cGy unit converter with conversion cards, convert between any units of radiation absorbed dose

Get this from a library! X-radiation and identification characteristics of CRTs of foreign manufacture. [United States. Bureau of Radiological Health. Division of Compliance.; WHO Collaborating Center for Training and General Tasks in Radiation Medicine.;]

The nuclear track detector CR-39 is used extensively for charged particle diagnosis, in particular proton spectroscopy, at inertial confinement fusion facilities. These detectors can absorb x-ray doses from the experiments in the order of 1-100 Gy, the effects of which are not accounted for in the previous detector calibrations. X-ray dose absorbed in the CR-39 has previously been shown to affect the track size of alpha particles in the detector, primarily due to a measured reduction in the material bulk etch rate [Rojas-Herrera et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 033501 (2015)]. Similar to the previous findings for alpha particles, protons with energies in the range 0.5-9.1 MeV are shown to produce tracks that are systematically smaller as a function of the absorbed x-ray dose in the CR-39. The reduction of track size due to x-ray dose is found to diminish with time between exposure and etching if the CR-39 is stored at ambient temperature, and complete recovery is observed after two weeks. The ...

Science & Technology, Physical Sciences, Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear, Nuclear Science & Technology, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Chemistry, CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR, NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING, X-rays, Phase-contrast imaging, Cartilage, Osteoarthritis ...

Phd Student: Fevola, Giovanni. Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. Email: ...

The type VI secretion system (T6SS), a multisubunit needle-like apparatus, has recently been found to play a role in interspecies interactions. The Gram-negative bacteria harboring T6SS (donor) deliver the effectors into their neighboring cells (recipient) to kill them. Meanwhile, the cognate immunity proteins were employed to protect the donor cells against the toxic effectors. Tae4 (type VI amidase effector 4) and Tai4 (type VI amidase immunity 4) are newly identified T6SS effector-immunity pairs. Here, we report the crystal structures of Tae4 from Enterobacter cloacae and Tae4-Tai4 complexes from both E. cloacae and Salmonella typhimurium. Tae4 acts as a DL-endopeptidase and displays a typical N1pC/P60 domain. Unlike Tsi1 (type VI secretion immunity 1), Tai4 is an all-helical protein and forms a dimer in solution. The small angle x-ray scattering study combined with the analytical ultracentrifugation reveal that the Tae4-Tai4 complex is a compact heterotetramer that consists of a Tai4 dimer ...

A method for obtaining an X-ray image for an X-ray diagnosis apparatus including plurality of imaging systems, including: collecting first scatter data using a first X-ray detector after an X-ray is irradiated from a first X-ray tube in a first imaging system; collecting second scatter data using a second X-ray detector after an X-ray is irradiated from a second X-ray tube in a second imaging system; collecting first image data including a scatter component using X-ray detectors after an X-ray is irradiated from a third X-ray tube in the first imaging system; collecting second image data including a scatter component using X-ray detectors after an X-ray is irradiated from a fourth X-ray tube in the second imaging system; and obtaining X-ray images for the first and second imaging systems by subtracting the first and second scatter data from the first and second image data including a scatter component, respectively.

Dose-response curves obtained 1 and 3 days after exposure to total-body X irradiation indicate that the mononuclear cells in the circulating blood and in the peritoneal cavity of LAF sub1 mice may be arranged in the following order of decreasing sensitivity: circulating lymphocytes, small peritoneal lymphocytes, medium peritoneal lymphocytes, peritoneal macrophages. However, on the 3rd day postirradiation, the curve of the small peritoneal lymphocytes closely approached that of the circulating lymphocytes. It is suggested that the greater sensitivity to irradiation of small than of medium peritoneal lymphocytes is not due to environmental factors but to as yet unidentified differences in the cells. On the other hand, the greater loss of circulating lymphocytes than of small peritoneal lymphocytes 1 day after X ray exposure may merely reflect more efficient removal of damaged cells from the circulation than from the peritoneal cavity. (Author)(*LYMPHOCYTES

Medical system comprising an X-ray tube unit catheter 302 and an X-ray tube unit including a miniaturized X-ray tube 301, wherein the X-ray tube unit is adapted to be inserted into the X-ray tube unit catheter in order to generate X-ray radiation at a treatment position in a vessel within a human or animal body. The X-ray tube is provided with a distal electrical pole and a proximal electrical pole. The proximal pole is connected via an insulated electrical conductor 305 to an external power source. The distal pole is connectable to a conducting means 304 at the inner surface of the catheter wall via distal connecting means 303. The conducting means has a predetermined length extending in the longitudinal direction of the catheter and is connected via an insulated electrical conductor to the eternal power source. During treatment the X-ray tube unit is adapted to be moved in relation to the X-ray tube unit catheter, wherein the distal pole is electrically connected to the conducting

In this study, the organization of collagen fibrils within the sclera of the eye was investigated using the 7 keV hard X-ray microscope of the Pohang light source and compared to images from electron and atomic force microscopy. From the captured X-ray images, individual collagen fibrils were observed clearly in a spatial resolution much better than 100 nm, both in longitudinal sections and in transverse sections. Some of the collagen fibrils showed evidence of axial periodicity. In some regions of the samples, we could see cross-bridge like structures between adjacent collagen fibrils. The X-ray microscope also allowed the observation of keratocytes and the lamella structure of the scleral stroma. The X-ray microscope has some unique advantages in the nano-scale imaging of bio-samples relative to other established imaging techniques. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.. ...

This book deals with the latest advances in high-resolution image formation using X-rays. The main topics treated are X-rays sources and optics, X-ray imaging using a variety of contrast mechanisms, theory, and technical aspects of microscopy.MoreThis book deals with the latest advances in high-resolution image formation using X-rays. The main topics treated are X-rays sources and optics, X-ray imaging using a variety of contrast mechanisms, theory, and technical aspects of microscopy. Several contributions are devoted to applications, including the imaging of hydrated (live as well as fixed) biological tissue and microanalytical techniques in biology and materials science.. Finally, X-ray microscopy is compared with other techniques. As an up-to-date overview of this rapidly developing field the book will be welcomed by established researchers and newcomers alike. ...

DEXA uses simple math to calculate the mineral density of your bones. During the exam, the DEXA machine emits a beam of X-ray energy that passes through your bones. Another device measures the amount of energy as the X-rays exit your body. Since bone tissue is dense, it absorbs more X-ray energy than the surrounding soft tissue. By measuring the amount of X-ray energy that leaves your body, the DEXA machine can calculate how much has been absorbed, and that data can be used to determine the density of your bones. DEXA is usually performed on your hip or your spine, two areas that are especially prone to fractures due to osteoporosis.. DEXA uses very low levels of X-ray radiation to minimize your exposure. In fact, the amount is so low, the technician can remain next to you at the DEXA console throughout the exam. At the end of the scan, the DEXA machine provides both graphic and numerical data that can be used to evaluate your risk for osteoporosis and fractures. Your data can also be compared ...

An X-ray exposure apparatus wherein a member sensitive to X-ray is exposed to a pattern formed on a mask with the X-rays, includes an X-ray source for emitting X-rays, an irradiation chamber for accommodating the mask and the sensitive member and exposing them to the X-rays emitted by the X-ray source within the chamber and a vacuum pump for evacuating the chamber to effect the exposure operation in a vacuum.

We present BeppoSAX observations of the southern S1 region in the European Large-Area Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Survey (ELAIS). These observations cover an area of ~1.7 deg2 and reach an on-axis (~0.7 deg2) 2-10 keV (hard X-ray, or HX) sensitivity of ~10-13 ergs s-1 cm-2. This is the first HX analysis of an ISOCAM survey. We detect nine sources with a signal-to-noise ratio SNRHX,3, four additional sources with a 1.3-10 keV (total X-ray, or T) SNRT,3, and two additional sources that seem to be associated with QSOs having SNRT,2.9. The number densities of the SNRHX,3 sources are consistent with the ASCA and BeppoSAX log N-log S functions. Six BeppoSAX sources have reliable ISOCAM 15 mum counterparts within ~60. All these ISOCAM sources have optical counterparts of R,20 mag. Five of these sources have been previously optically classified, four as QSOs and one as a broad absorption line (BAL) QSO at z=2.2. The remaining unclassified source has X-ray and photometric properties consistent with ...

X-ray reflectivity curves from a mechano-chemically polished silicon (100) wafer. Curves a and b were obtained with data collection times of 1000 and 10 s, respectively. Curves c and d were obtained with data collection times of 1.0 and 0.1 s, respectively, after rotating the sample to lower the glancing angle in order to enhance the incident beam intensity I0 in the covered Q-range to compensate for the short exposure time. Each curve is shifted vertically for clarity. The used X-ray energy ranges are given in the figure. Curve e was obtained by the angle-scan mode using the present reflectometer setting with a horizontal slit of 0.1 mm width downstream of the polychromator. The angle-scan curve e was obtained by connecting seven partial reflectivity curves measured using seven different X-ray energies (17.7, 18.2, 18.6, 19.1, 19.5, 19.9 and 20.3 keV). Error bars are shown for all data points of all the curves. ...

The Panorex equipment consists of a rotating arm that holds the X-ray generator, and a moving film attachment that holds the pictures. The head is positioned between these two devices. The X-ray generator moves around the head taking pictures as orthogonally as possible. The positioning of the head and body is what determines how sharp, clear and useful the X-rays will be to the dentist. The pictures are magnified by as much as 30% to ensure that even the minutest detail will be noted ...

According to a new market report published by Transparency Market Research X- Ray Market (Portable, Handheld, Digital Radiography, Computed Radiography, Flat Panel Detection Systems, Mammography) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth and Forecast, 2012 - 2018 the market for x-rays was valued at USD 7.5 billion in 2011 and it is expected to reach an estimated value of USD 9.8 billion in 2018, growing at a CAGR of 4.0% from 2012 to 2018.. Browse full Report with TOC: http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/x-ray-market.html The X-ray machines are devices that produce x-ray radiations. These x-ray radiations are then used for medical diagnosis and interventional (e.g. catheter placement) purposes. This report includes the market estimation of the global x-ray market for the forecast period 2012 - 2018 in terms of USD million, keeping 2011 as the base year. Moreover, the market trends and recent developments have been taken into account while forecasting the market growth and revenue ...

A power supply for a device which has a load, comprising a first resonant generator and a second resonant generator, coupled in parallel, each generator having a phase output. The power supply further comprises a control circuit coupled to the first and second generators controlling the first and second phase outputs, wherein the first phase output and the second phase output are summed to provide a variable power supply to the load.

Doctors at Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC) now have a new diagnostic tool that gives them the information they need - without the extra radiation patients dont need. Its part of a new approach to medical imaging based on Philips CT (cat scan) and X-ray systems, which includes techniques, programs and practices to ensure the…

We present an experiment that detects photons by use of an annular Nb-based superconducting tunnel junction (STJ). In one magnetic field configuration, we stably trapped a single magnetic fluxon in the STJ barrier during a transition to the superconducting state. This is an innovative configuration which avoids the use of an externally applied field during detector operation. It offers potential benefits for STJs used in imaging arrays. In this configuration, and also in the conventional one with an externally applied parallel magnetic field, we observed current pulses produced by single 6 keV x-ray photons. The pulses were the same for the two configurations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics ...

We present optical and X-ray data for a sample of serendipitous XMM-Newton sources that are selected to have 0.5-2 versus 2-4.5 keV X-ray hardness ratios which are harder than the X-ray background. The sources have 2-4.5 keV X-ray flux ≥10−14 erg cm−2 s−1, and in this paper we examine a subsample of 42 optically bright (r , 21) sources; this subsample is 100 per cent spectroscopically identified. All but one of the optical counterparts are extragalactic, and we argue that the single exception, a Galactic M star, is probably a coincidental association rather than the correct identification of the X-ray source. The X-ray spectra of all the sources are consistent with heavily absorbed power laws (21.8 , log NH , 23.4), and all of them, including the two sources with 2-10 keV intrinsic luminosities of ,1042 erg s−1, appear to be absorbed active galactic nuclei (AGN). The majority of the sources show only narrow emission lines in their optical spectra, implying that they are type 2 AGN. ...

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A method and system is presented in radiography for optimizing image quality of an object (e.g. an anatomical region of a patient), while minimizing the radiation dose to the patient. X-ray exposure parameters, such as operating voltage (kVp), operating current (mA), focal spot size, and soft x-ray filter combination, are dynamically controlled during the x-ray exposure. During at least two different sampling intervals and at two different kVp levels, x-rays are passed through the object, and detected by sensors located between the object and the image plane. After the last sampling interval, the sensor output signals and the measured thickness of the object are used to evaluate the optimal settings for the x-ray exposure parameters. The x-ray exposure parameters are set to these optimal settings for the remainder of the exposure period.

Definition : Systems that consist of a patient support unit (usually one or more tables), an x-ray tube and collimator, x-ray generators, support for the x-ray tubes and image receptors (e.g., a cassette holder), and a control panel. These systems are used to perform diagnostic x-ray procedures by obtaining a latent image of the irradiated portion of the patient. This latent image is converted into a visible image (i.e., a radiograph) using a film or digital image processor. The interpretation of these images by a physician contributes to a useful clinical diagnosis.. Related Terms : Positioning Aids, Radiographic/Radiotherapeutic , Radiographic Units , Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units , Fluoroscopic Units , Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems , Radiographic/Tomographic Systems , Consoles, Radiographic/Fluoroscopic/Tomographic Systems. Entry Terms : Radiographic Table Systems , Systems, X-Ray, Stationary , X-Ray Systems , Radiographic Units, General Purpose , Radiographic ...

An adjusting method of an X-ray apparatus has a reflection structure, wherein assuming that one end plane of the reflection structure is an inlet port of the X-ray and the other end plane is an outlet port of the X-ray, a pitch of the reflection substrates at the outlet port is wider than that at the inlet port. When the X-ray source exists at a position where a glancing angle at the time when the X-ray enters the inlet port exceeds a critical angle, an intensity of the X-ray emitted from each passage is detected. On the basis of the detected X-ray intensity, a relative position of the X-ray source and the reflection structure is adjusted.

Emerson Hospital offers diagnostic X-ray and fluoroscopy services at its main campus in Concord, as well as routine diagnostic X-rays at four other community sites.

Spire Murrayfield Wirral Hospital has unveiled a new X-Ray machine, which will provide quicker results, with greater comfort, for NHS and private patients requiring diagnosis and treatment. The digital radiography equipment represents an investment of almost £350,000 by Spire Healthcare. It will enable images to be taken and processed in as little as five seconds, compared with one minute, which it took the previous equipment to process. It will provide the best quality image that any digital X-Ray equipment can currently produce.. Unlike its predecessor, the new equipment is also capable of taking full length spine and leg images, which is key for spinal and orthopaedic surgeons when planning complex surgery.. All of this will mean that more patients can receive X-Rays at the hospital every day, as well as greater comfort for patients. The new equipment will also be more efficient and easier to operate for the Spire team.. The installation of the equipment was a complex process, which entailed ...

A previous X-ray absorption study of tile adhesive mortars identified a new phenomenon during drying, namely the movement of small cement particles from the interior of the specimen to its surface. An analysis

Method and apparatus for applying radiation by producing X-rays of a selected spectrum and intensity and directing them to a desired location. Radiant energy is directed from a laser onto a target to produce such X-rays at the target, which is so positioned adjacent to the desired location as to emit the X-rays toward the desired location; or such X-rays are produced in a region away from the desired location, and are channeled to the desired location. The radiant energy directing means may be shaped (as with bends; adjustable, if desired) to circumvent any obstruction between the laser and the target. Similarly, the X-ray channeling means may be shaped (as with fixed or adjustable bends) to circumvent any obstruction between the region where the X-rays are produced and the desired location. For producing a radiograph in a living organism the X-rays are provided in a short pulse to avoid any blurring of the radiograph from movement of or in the organism. For altering tissue in a living organism the

Your doctor may use a scan to better understand or diagnose sarcoma. There are several kinds of scan used depending on the area your doctor is examining.X-rayUses x-radiation to take images of dense tissues inside the body such as bones or tumours.UltrasoundA scan that uses sound waves to create images from within the body.CTThe Computer Tomography (CT) scan takes a number of x-rays to make a 3D image of an affected area.

Anton Paars first X-ray source, Primux 100 micro, guarantees excellent position stability of the X-ray beam, high intensity, and easy integration into advanced X-ray equipment in a compact and robust design.

screen, microscope optics, and a low-noise CCD camera, operated at x-ray energies between 10 and 50 keV. Good image quality is achieved if the depth of focus of the optical system is matched to the x-ray absorption length or thickness of the scintillator. A spatial resolution of 0.8 µm fwhm (1000 line pairs/mm with 10% contrast) was measured by recording the interferogram of a boron fiber. First applications in phase contrast imaging and microtomography are shown.. © 1998 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...

Computed Tomography, or CT, procedures play an important role in diagnosing diseases and injuries. A CT scanner uses radiation to produce images of the inside of the human body. When a patient lies inside the CT machine, which is shaped like a donut, x-radiation assist with creating sectional images that are ultimately used by physicians to diagnose medical problems. CT technologists are highly-trained and possess the expertise for competent practice. They are mostly employed by hospitals but increasingly, jobs are becoming available in physician offices and imaging centers. The main duties of the CT technologist include explaining the procedure to the patient, preparing the patient and positioning them correctly, operating the equipment, and recording the images for the physician to interpret. The patient might be in pain or distress, or they might feel claustrophobic. The CT technologist will provide support while talking patients through the procedure and letting them know what to expect. ...

This method consists of a sensitive radiographic film being placed under a specific component i.e. a weld or casting. The Component is then exposed to ionizing radiation either X-Radiation or Gamma Radiation. This radiation will pass through the component and expose the film beneath it, leading to what is known as the latent image on…

I stumbled upon this thread while doing a Google search for keyboard circuit bending. While all of the most important guidelines on safety have been covered more than sufficiently and multiple times, there is one noteworthy thing to add: The CRT picture tube is not the only potential source of X-radiation. Other tubes (valves) on the boards and chassis of older sets, especially color sets from the early 1970s can also work their way under your skin; especially when the circuit has been MODIFIED, the cover is off of the back of the set, and the curious experimenter is in close proximity to his or her creation, tweaking away at trim pots and what-have-you. Also remember that even if the radiation only turns out to be at a level high enough to equate a sunburn ...

The film used to capture the X-ray is usually developed quickly. A radiologist, a doctor who is specially trained to read X-rays, will examine the film and send a report to your doctor or surgeon.. X-rays are generally safe and effective for children as well as adults. The radiation is well controlled and kept at low levels. In some cases, parts of your body may be covered with a lead apron to minimize your exposure to unnecessary X-rays.. If you are pregnant or think you might be, please let your doctor and the radiology technician know before you have an X-ray. Sometimes the benefits outweigh the risks. Your doctor may decide to use a different type of testing or postpone the X-ray to avoid any possibility of complications.. While X-ray technology hasnt changed much since it was developed by a German physicist about 100 years ago, it is the base for a number of other imaging techniques including:. ...

Concerning the widespread use of X-rays to detect various diseases, such as oral and dental ones, it is essential to study the effects of this radiation on living cells. From the past, ge- netic effects and cell death because of X-rays have been studied. In addition, the effect of this ionizing...

photo of the brain, the X-Rays are projected to the patient by the X-Ray generator which rotates around the patient to get a good view of the brain, the image of the brain is regerated by a process known as Back Projection as the X-Rays are changed in velocity when they interact with the tissues. MRI works with the help of the photon molecules or molecules containing photons, the MRI take advantage of the photon as they spin at a certain frequency at certain chemical environment, so we use different photons for different tissues, the photons when are bought in an magnetic field, then releases some enery as protons which we can record as they pass through the tissue to get an image of the brain. Rcently, Stanford University and other Universities have made a device that can go through the artery and the surgeon will pass the ...

Study Flashcards On x-ray at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want!

Learn the importance of dental exams and X-Rays at your trusted Palm Bay. Contact us today to get healthy smiles for you and your family!

Learn more about Chest X-ray at St. Davids HealthCare DefinitionReasons for TestPossible ComplicationsWhat to ExpectCall Your Doctorrevision ...

Looking for online definition of Conventional X-ray generators in the Medical Dictionary? Conventional X-ray generators explanation free. What is Conventional X-ray generators? Meaning of Conventional X-ray generators medical term. What does Conventional X-ray generators mean?

Global X-ray Generators for Dental Radiography Industry 2016 The report titled X-ray Generators for Dental Radiography is an in-depth and a professional document that provides a comprehensive overview of the global and China X-ray Generators for Dental Radiography market. The report provides an executive-level blueprint of the X-ray Generators for Dental Radiography market beginning with […]. ...

The electrodeposition of metallic lithium is a major cause of failure in lithium batteries. The 3D microstructure of electrodeposited lithium moss in liquid electrolytes has been characterised at sub-micron resolution for the first time. Using synchrotron X-ray phase contrast imaging we distinguish mossy m

Abstract: Transition metal nanoparticles possess valuable specific size dependent properties that arise at the nanoscale, and differ significantly from their bulk properties. However, the fabrication of these nanoparticles is often difficult to predict and control due to harsh reaction conditions and effects of capping agents or surfactants. Therefore, there is a critical need for facile routes to... read moreward controllable nanoparticle fabrication. Biological supramolecules, such as viruses, offer attractive templates for nanoparticle synthesis, due to their precise size and shape. In addition, simple genetic modifications can be employed to confer additional functionality with a high number of precisely spaced functional groups. In this work we exploit the specificity of genetically modified Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV1cys) for readily controllable palladium (Pd) nanoparticle synthesis via simple electroless deposition. TMV1cys, engineered to display one cysteine residue on the surface of ...

Time-resolved solution scattering is a very important component of the overall efforts at BioCARS to address dynamic aspects of macromolecular function. One of the most significant advantages of X-ray solution scattering is the ability to study biological macromolecules under near-physiological conditions (pH or ionic strength, for example) in the absence of crystal packing constraints. Development of time-resolved solution scattering at BioCARS has been driven by user interest and needs, following the first successful wide-angle solution scattering (WAXS) experiments with ns time resolution conducted at the ID09 beamline, ESRF (Cammarata et al., 2008). BioCARS staff, in collaboration with Philip Anfinrud (NIH/NIDDK), implemented the infrastructure for time-resolved solution scattering experiments at 14ID beamline. The effort resulted in first solution scattering studies with 100ps time resolution (Cho et al., 2010; Kim J et al., 2011; Kim KH et al., 2011; Kim et al., 2012). In addition to the ...

X-ray scattering techniques are a family of non-destructive analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy.. Note that X-ray diffraction is now often considered a sub-set of X-ray scattering, where the scattering is elastic and the scattering object is crystalline, so that the resulting pattern contains sharp spots analyzed by X-ray crystallography (as in the Figure). However, both scattering and diffraction are related general phenomena and the distinction has not always existed. Thus Guiniers classic text[1] from 1963 is titled X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies so diffraction was clearly not restricted to crystals at that time.. ...

X-ray scattering techniques are a family of non-destructive analytical techniques which reveal information about the crystal structure, chemical composition, and physical properties of materials and thin films. These techniques are based on observing the scattered intensity of an X-ray beam hitting a sample as a function of incident and scattered angle, polarization, and wavelength or energy. Note that X-ray diffraction is now often considered a sub-set of X-ray scattering, where the scattering is elastic and the scattering object is crystalline, so that the resulting pattern contains sharp spots analyzed by X-ray crystallography (as in the Figure). However, both scattering and diffraction are related general phenomena and the distinction has not always existed. Thus Guiniers classic text[1] from 1963 is titled X-ray diffraction in Crystals, Imperfect Crystals and Amorphous Bodies so diffraction was clearly not restricted to crystals at that time. ...

Companies need to constantly look through the structure of materials to meet the current needs of society and the economy by developing new products and processes or improve existing ones, making them more efficient and cheap.. Research done with the use of synchrotron light sources have benefited the development of numerous products and components, from baby diapers to turbines for aircraft. They have been - and still are - used in the development of more durable, resistant and inexpensive batteries for electric cars, cellphones and laptops and the development of new semiconductors, capable of increasing the efficiency of organic solar cells for the production of electricity.. Among the largest US companies, according to Fortune magazines ranking, at least 32 of them use synchrotron light sources in the development of their products. Exxon Mobil, Chevron, General Electric, Ford Motor, HP, GM, IBM, Boeing, Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Novartis, Intel and 3M are among these companies.. Companies ...

Catalysts based on the first-row (3d) transition metals are commonly seen in chemical and biological reactions. To understand the role of the transition metal in the catalyst, the element specific technique core level spectroscopy is used to probe the electronic structure and geometric properties centered around the metal site. Different types of X-ray spectra can be applied to probe the metal 3d character orbitals involved in reactions, which make it possible to identify and characterize the reactive sites of samples in different forms. A detailed interpretation and understanding of the different X-ray spectra requires a unified method which can be used to model different types of X-ray spectra, e.g., soft and hard X-rays. In this thesis, theoretical investigations of the electronic structures of 3d transition metal complexes through X-ray spectroscopy are presented. The restricted active space method (RAS) is used to successfully reproduce different types of X-ray spectra by including all ...

Catalysts based on the first-row (3d) transition metals are commonly seen in chemical and biological reactions. To understand the role of the transition metal in the catalyst, the element specific technique core level spectroscopy is used to probe the electronic structure and geometric properties centered around the metal site. Different types of X-ray spectra can be applied to probe the metal 3d character orbitals involved in reactions, which make it possible to identify and characterize the reactive sites of samples in different forms. A detailed interpretation and understanding of the different X-ray spectra requires a unified method which can be used to model different types of X-ray spectra, e.g., soft and hard X-rays. In this thesis, theoretical investigations of the electronic structures of 3d transition metal complexes through X-ray spectroscopy are presented. The restricted active space method (RAS) is used to successfully reproduce different types of X-ray spectra by including all ...

Dive into the research topics of In situ electron yield detection of X-ray absorption fine structure of electrodes continuously emersed from electrolyte solutions. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

0049]Referring again FIG. 1, the image data generating unit 6 includes a projection data memory 61, an image processing unit 62, a subtraction process unit 63, a reconstruction processing unit 64 and a rendering process unit 65. The projection data memory 61 generates two dimensional (2D) projection data by successively storing projection data supplied from the projection data generating unit 4 in the X-ray detecting unit 3 into a self memory circuit. For instance, in a preliminary imaging mode, two of 2D projection data are generated through X-ray irradiations along the orthogonally crossed imaging directions θa and θb set up to the object 150, and the 2D projection data are stored into the memory circuit in the projection data memory 61. In an actual imaging mode, before administrating a contrast agent into an object 150, a plurality M of 2D projection data (hereinafter referred to as mask projection data) is generated through X-ray irradiations along the imaging direction θ1 through θM ...

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used experimental technique capable of selectively probing the local structure around an absorbing atomic species in molecules and materials. When applied to heavy elements, however, the quantitative interpretation can be challenging due to the intrinsic spectr

We have recently completed studies using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) on the B18 beamline provided by the Diamond Light Source Facility. Here we spent an exciting 24 hours taking in-situ measurements to understand the behaviour the catalyst.. By analysing the X-ray signal we were able to determine the changes in chemical form of the active species of our customers catalyst over a range of temperatures at which the catalyst would normally operate.. For more information on this particular case study and how we may be able to help you with a similar problem please see the case study.. ...

This work reports on the structure of Fe containing, Co2-based Heusler compounds that are suitable for magnetoelectronic applications. The compounds Co2FeZ where Z=Al, Si, Ga, and Ge were investigated using the x-ray diffraction XRD and extended x-ray absorption fine structure EXAFS techniques. Using XRD, it was shown conclusively that Co2FeAl crystallizes in the B2 structure whereas Co2FeSi crystallizes in the L21 structure. For compounds containing Ga or Ge, the XRD technique cannot be used to easily distinguish between the two structures. For this reason, the EXAFS technique was used to elucidate the structure of these two compounds. Analysis of the EXAFS data indicated that both compounds crystallize in the L21 structure ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Local fivefold symmetry in liquid and undercooled Ni probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy and computer simulations. AU - Di Cicco, A.. AU - Iesari, F.. AU - De Panfilis, S.. AU - Celino, M.. AU - Giusepponi, S.. AU - Filipponi, A.. PY - 2014/2/12. Y1 - 2014/2/12. N2 - Presence and significance of fivefold configurations in liquid metals are investigated by combining x-ray absorption spectroscopy and computer simulations (molecular dynamics and reverse Monte Carlo) in liquid and undercooled liquid nickel. We show that icosahedral short-range ordering (ISRO), probed by common-neighbor (CNA) and spherical invariant (Wî6) analysis, involves a limited fraction (14-18% in undercooled nickel for different structural models) of local atomic configurations. The emerging picture for the liquid structure is that of a mixture of nearly icosahedral structures embedded in a disordered network mainly composed of fragments of highly distorted icosahedra (40-45% of the total), structures ...

Provides structured information on history, equipment, investigation methods, latest developments and more Covers advanced concepts like seeding and

As shown in Figure 122, the subnanometric Pt species are finely dispersed in the MCM-22 crystallites. The size of the Pt species and their location in the crystallites was determined with the help of aberration-corrected electron microscopy. The Pt atoms and clusters are located both in the surface cups of MCM-22 and within the zeolite framework. In particular, a large proportion of the subnanometric Pt species are located in the internal space of the structure.. A Pt@MCM-22 sample has been studied at beamline BM23 using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to examine the local environment of Pt and to estimate the coordination number of Pt species. The Fourier transform of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra of Pt@MCM-22 and the Pt and PtO2 reference are shown in Figure 123a. Considering the first shell, the Pt@MCM-22 spectrum is dominated by a peak centred around 2.65 Å with a smaller contribution at 2.08 Å (both distances are not phase corrected). Comparing with ...

Flow- or stretch-induced crystallization (FIC or SIC) is believed to be mainly responsible for the excellent mechanical properties of polymers during real service conditions. With the development of synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering, time resolution has been increased from minutes to millisecond, the in-situ tracing of the structural evolution of polymers under complex external fields becomes possible. Recently, the FIC behaviors of polymers (i.e. natural rubber and polyethylene) during multi-axial deformation like biaxial stretching, film blowing and balloon blowing have been systematically studied by our group with a series of custom-built experimental devices combined with synchrotron radiation X-ray scattering techniques. Considering the phenomenon of frustrating SIC for natural rubber during biaxial stretching, here we proposed a new model for SIC based on the results of theoretical calculation, which decouples the free energy contributions of chain orientation from that of ...

TY - GEN. T1 - Bone cartilage imaging with X-ray interferometry using a practical X-ray tube. AU - Kido, Kazuhiro. AU - Makifuchi, Chiho. AU - Kiyohara, Junko. AU - Itou, Tsukasa. AU - Honda, Chika. AU - Momose, Atsushi. PY - 2010/12/1. Y1 - 2010/12/1. N2 - The purpose of this study was to design an X-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer for the imaging of bone cartilage using a practical X-ray tube and to develop that imaging system for clinical use. Wave-optics simulation was performed to design the interferometer with a practical X-ray tube, a source grating, two X-ray gratings, and an X-ray detector. An imaging system was created based on the results of the simulation. The specifications were as follows: the focal spot size was 0.3 mm of an X-ray tube with a tungsten anode (Toshiba, Tokyo, Japan). The tube voltage was set at 40 kVp with an additive aluminum filter, and the mean energy was 31 keV. The pixel size of the X-ray detector, a Condor 486 (Fairchild Imaging, California, USA), was 15μm. The ...

The IRay stereotactic low-voltage x-ray irradiation treatment system for age-related macular degeneration consists of a low voltage x-ray tube, an eye tracking system, a robotically controlled delivery system, a coupling device to facilitate tracking and stabilisation, a graphical user interface and gating software. Low-voltage x-rays are delivered in a series of three spots to the macula in a non-invasive manner through the inferior pars plana. These beams are designed to overlap on the centre of the macula. Each beam delivers one-third of the total dose, such that the total macula dose is three times an individual beams dose. The device is designed to run off standard domestic electrical power, and no special shielding is necessary for the room. This system has been validated in Monte Carlo simulations, human cadaver eye studies, pre-clinical animal studies and in a phase I clinical trial. ...

The element-specific valence- and conduction-band densities of states for the high-dielectric-material CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 have been measured using soft x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopies. Ti L a , b ,Cu L a , b , and O K soft x-ray emission spectra of CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 were measured with monochromatic photon excitation on selected energies above the Ti and Cu L 2,3 and O K absorption edges, respectively. X-ray absorption spectra were recorded at the same edges. The electronic structure was also calculated using density functional theory employing the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. Excellent agreement is seen between the results of these calculations and the measured x-ray emission and absorption spectra. This agreement is particularly good at the O K edge where the resonant behavior of the x-ray emission spectrum can be attributed directly to s - and p -state emission from valence-band O 2 p states when in resonance with p * and s * conduction-band O 2... ...

XrayQA specializes in diagnostic x-ray optimization and offers the P+® X-ray QA Test Phantom to compare your imaging system radiation dose with the National Average NEXT value. Follow XrayQAs blog for quality information regarding digital radiology, radiology imaging, x-ray radiation and diagnostic imaging.

XrayQA specializes in diagnostic x-ray optimization and offers the P+® X-ray QA Test Phantom to compare your imaging system radiation dose with the National Average NEXT value. Follow XrayQAs blog for quality information regarding digital radiology, radiology imaging, x-ray radiation and diagnostic imaging.