Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells able to differentiating into a variety of mesenchymal tissues including osteoblasts, adipocytes and several other tissues. Objectives: Differentiation of MSCs into fibroblast cells in vitro is an attractive strategy to achieve fibroblast cell and use them for purposes such as regeneration medicine. The goal of this study was investigate the simulated microgravity effect on differentiation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) to fibroblasts. Materials and Methods: To fibroblast differentiation 100 ng.mL-1 of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and for simulation microgravity, 2D clinostat was used. After isolation the human ADSCs from adipose, cells were passaged, and at passages 3 they were used for characterization and subsequent steps. After 7 days of CTGF and simulated microgravity treatment, proliferation, and differentiation were analyzed collectively by MTT assay, quantitative PCR analyses, and Immunocytochemistry staining.

Bafetinib tyrosianse inhibitor (phospho Ser10). Number ?Number2C2C and D illustrated the mitotic index of osteoblasts was decreased in the simulated microgravity group and was significantly increased in cells pretreated with the mitotic inhibitor nocodazole (which is known to block cell cycle progression in the M phase through disruption of mitotic spindles, and which served like a positive control). Moreover, the manifestation of histone H3 (phospho Ser10) was diminished in the simulated microgravity group Bafetinib tyrosianse inhibitor and was noticeably improved in the nocodazole group compared with the control group (Number ?(Figure22E). Open in a separate window Number 2 Cell cycle of Bafetinib tyrosianse inhibitor osteoblasts is definitely caught in the G2 phase (as opposed to the M phase) in response to simulated microgravity. A and B, Circulation cytometry analysis of main mouse osteoblasts treated with simulated microgravity was performed to check the cell routine distribution. A, ...

Spaceflight and ground-based microgravity analog experiments have suggested that microgravity can affect microbial growth and metabolism. Although the effects of microgravity and its analogs on microorganisms have been studied for more than 50 years, plausible conflicting and diverse results have frequently been reported in different experiments, especially regarding microbial growth and secondary metabolism. Until now, only the responses of a few typical microbes to microgravity have been investigated; systematic studies of the genetic and phenotypic responses of these microorganisms to microgravity in space are still insufficient due to technological and logistical hurdles. The use of different test strains and secondary metabolites in these studies appears to have caused diverse and conflicting results. Moreover, subtle changes in the extracellular microenvironments around microbial cells play a key role in the diverse responses of microbial growth and secondary metabolisms. Therefore,

It has been believed that microgravity directly can modify the structure, function, and morphology of biosystems and numerous researches have been performed to recognize these alterations. Since histone H3 is an essential protein in the field of epigenetics, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of simulated microgravity on the human H3.3B (H3F3B) gene expression and histone H3 structure. The two-dimensional clinostat was applied for simulating microgravity. Analysis of the gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR revealed that simulated microgravity diminished the expression level of H3.3B considerably (P < 0.001). The UV-Visible absorption and extrinsic fluorescence emission results displayed that after 72 h of simulated microgravity the tertiary structure of histone H3 changed and the surface hydrophobicity of the protein incremented remarkably. Nevertheless, circular dichroism (CD) data showed that simulated microgravity did not perturb the secondary structure of histone H3. ...

Activity of auxin polar transport in inflorescence axes of Arabidopsis thaliana grown under simulated microgravity conditions was studied in relation to the growth and development. Seeds were germinated and allowed to grow on an agar medium in test tubes on a horizontal clinostat. Horizontal clinost …

TY - JOUR. T1 - Renal responsiveness to aldosterone during exposure to simulated microgravity. AU - Convertino, V. A.. AU - Luetkemeier, M. J.. AU - Elliott, J. J.. AU - Ludwig, D. A.. AU - Wade, C. E.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - We measured renal functions and hormones associated with fluid regulation after a bolus injection of aldosterone (Ald) during head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest to test the hypothesis that exposure to simulated microgravity altered renal responsiveness to Ald. Six male rhesus monkeys underwent two experimental conditions (HDT and control, 72 h each) with each condition separated by 9 days of ambulatory activities to produce a crossover counterbalance design. One test condition was continuous exposure to 10°HDT; the second was a control, defined as 16 h per day of 80°head-up tilt and 8 h prone. After 72 h of exposure to either test condition, monkeys were moved to the prone position, and we measured the following parameters for 4 h after injection of 1-mg dose of Ald: urine ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Human skeletal muscle fibre contractile properties and proteomic profile. T2 - Adaptations to 3 weeks of unilateral lower limb suspension and active recovery. AU - Brocca, Lorenza. AU - Longa, Emanuela. AU - Cannavino, Jessica. AU - Seynnes, Olivier. AU - de Vito, Giuseppe. AU - Mcphee, Jamie. AU - Narici, Marco. AU - Pellegrino, Maria Antonietta. AU - Bottinelli, Roberto. PY - 2015/12/15. Y1 - 2015/12/15. N2 - Following disuse, muscle fibre function goes through adaptations such as a loss of specific force (PO/CSA) and an increase in unloaded shortening velocity, which could be a result of both quantitative changes (i.e. atrophy) and qualitative changes in protein pattern. The underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. In addition, little is known about the recovery of muscle mass and strength following disuse. In the present study, we report an extensive dataset describing, in detail,the functional and protein content adaptations of skeletal muscle in response to both disuse ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Biological responses of osteocytic connexin 43 hemichannels to simulated microgravity. AU - Xu, Huiyun. AU - Liu, Ruofei. AU - Ning, Dandan. AU - Zhang, Jian. AU - Yang, Ruixin. AU - Riquelme, Manuel A.. AU - Li, Jingbao. AU - Jiang, Jean X.. AU - Shang, Peng. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.. PY - 2017/6. Y1 - 2017/6. N2 - Connexin 43 (Cx43) hemichannels and gap junctions in osteocytes are responsive to mechanical loading, which is important for bone formation and remodeling. However, the mechanism of these Cx43-forming channels in the process of mechanical unloading is still not very clear. In this study, unloading caused by weightlessness was simulated by using a random position machine (RPM). Osteocytic MLO-Y4 cells were subjected to 2 h of RPM treatment, and levels of Cx43 mRNA and total and cell surface expressed protein were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and biotinylation ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Skeletal muscle adaptations following blood flow-restricted training during 30 days of muscular unloading. AU - Cook, Summer B.. AU - Brown, Kimberly A.. AU - Deruisseau, Keith. AU - Kanaley, Jill A.. AU - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L.. PY - 2010/8/1. Y1 - 2010/8/1. N2 - This study evaluated the effectiveness of low-load resistance training with a blood flow restriction (LLBFR) to attenuate muscle loss and weakness after 30 days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS). Sixteen subjects (ages 18-50 yr) underwent 30 days of ULLS. Measurements of muscle strength, cross-sectional area, and endurance on the knee extensors and plantar flexors were collected before and after ULLS. Plasma concentrations of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were also assessed. During ULLS, eight subjects (5 males, 3 females) participated in LLBFR three times per week (ULLS + Exercise) while eight subjects (4 males, 4 females) did not exercise (ULLS). The blood flow-restricted exercise consisted of dynamic knee extension at ...

The growth rate of bacteria increases under simulated microgravity (SMG) with low-shear force. The next-generation microbial chassis Vibrio natriegens (V. natriegens) is a fast-growing Gram-negative, non-pathogenic bacterium with a generation time of less than 10 min. Screening of a V. natriegens strain with faster growth rate was attempted by 2-week continuous long-term culturing under SMG. However, the rapid growth rate of this strain made it difficult to obtain the desired mutant strain with even more rapid growth. Thus, a mutant with slower growth rate emerged. Multi-omics integration analysis was conducted to explore why this mutant grew more slowly, which might inform us about the molecular mechanisms of rapid growth of V. natriegens instead. The transcriptome data revealed that whereas genes related to mechanical signal transduction and flagellin biogenesis were up-regulated, those involved in adaptive responses, anaerobic and nitrogen metabolism, chromosome segregation and cell vitality were

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Lnc9141 a and b Play a Different Role in Bovine Myoblast Proliferation, Apoptosis and Differentiation The authors showed that lnc9141-a or lnc9141-b overexpression decreased the number of myoblasts in the S phase, and increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, overexpressing lnc9141-a and lnc9141-b respectively down-regulated the expression of Cyclin D1. [Mol Ther Nucleic Acids] Abstract , Full Article Characterization of C2C12 Cells in Simulated Microgravity: Possible Use for Myoblast Regeneration Scientists exposed C2C12 cells in a random position machine to simulate microgravity and study the energy and the biochemical challenges associated with this treatment. Simulated microgravity exposed C2C12 cells maintained positive proliferation indices and delayed the differentiation process for several days. [J Cell Physiol] Abstract Ibuprofen Inhibited Migration of Skeletal Muscle Cells in Association with Downregulation of p130cas and CrkII Expressions Skeletal muscle cells ...

NanoRacks Data Collection: Last week Marshburn installed NanoRacks Modules-20, 21 & 22 into the NanoRacks Platform which provides power and data transfer capabilities for the Modules containing student-developed experiments from various schools. Saturday, he completed a data collection session and transferred collected data to a laptop. Module-20 studies the effects of microgravity on remotely controlled robot control mechanisms and mechanical devices; studies the effects of a variable magnetic field on Ferrofluids in microgravity; studies the effects of microgravity on electroplating; studies the growth of E. coli bacteria in microgravity and its resistance to the antibiotic Kanamycin. Module-21 studies the fluctuation levels of carbon dioxide on ISS; studies the potential impact of microgravity on the growth cycle of bacteria; studies whether microgravity has an impact on the performance of current battery technology. Module-22 studies the possibility of producing alum crystals of higher ...

Emerging evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of vascular hyporesponsiveness contributing to microgravity-induced orthostatic intolerance. The cellular and enzymatic source of the NO, however, remains controversial. In addition, the time course of the endothelial-dependent contribution remains unstudied. We tested the hypotheses that the change in vasoresponsiveness seen in acute (3-day) hindlimb unweighted (HLU) animals is due to an endothelium-dependent mechanism and that endothelial-dependent attenuation in vasoreactivity is due to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS-3) dependent activation. Vasoreactivity was investigated in rat aortic rings following acute HLU treatment. Dose responsiveness to norepinepherine (NE) was depressed after 3-day HLU [1,338 ± 54 vs. 2,325 ± 58 mg at max (NE), HLU vs. C, P | 0.001]. However, removal of the endothelium restored the vascular contractility to that of C. In addition, 1H-oxadiazole quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a soluble

Space travel affects the body in many ways. Astronauts who are exposed to microgravity for longer periods are at risk of fractures and kidney stones. Therefore, exercising in space is the best known countermeasure that minimizes the effects of microgravity.

Jessica Pietsch of the Spheroids project introduces the teams experiment: the Spheroids project is a biological experiment with human cells found on the inner layer of blood vessels: the endothelial cells. Endothelial cells are in direct contact with the blood and regulate many things such as blood pressure for example.. Since astronauts show several alterations and dysfunctions during a space flight connected to blood pressure we put endothelial cells in simulated microgravity (s-µg) on Earth generated by a Random Positioning Machine that rotates samples continuously to create an average gravity sensation that is close to zero. Normally endothelial cells grow as single layers on the bottom surface of cell-culture flasks. In simulated microgravity we noticed the endothelial cells formed three-dimensional cell aggregates. These cell aggregates were tube-like and resembled a small, rudimentary, blood vessel. Combining the endothelial cells with other cultures we were even able to rebuild ...

Surface electromyogram (EMG) spectrum changes in human tibialis anterior (TA) and gastroenemius medialis (GM) muscles were studied to investigate the effect of 4-week bed rest (BR) on muscle...

Wilson JW, Ott CM, Höner zu Bentrup K, Ramamurthy R, Quick L, Porwollik S, Cheng P, McClelland M, Tsaprailis G, Radabaugh T, Hunt A, Fernandez D, Richter E, Shah M, Kilcoyne M, Joshi L, Nelman-Gonzalez M, Hing S, Parra M, Dumars P, Norwood K, Bober R, Devich J, Ruggles A, Goulart C, Rupert M, Stodieck L, Stafford P, Catella L, Schurr MJ, Buchanan K, Morici L, McCracken J, Allen P, Baker-Coleman C, Hammond T, Vogel J, Nelson R, Pierson DL, Stefanyshyn-Piper HM, Nickerson CA. Space flight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals a role for global regulator Hfq. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Oct 09; 104(41):16299-304 ...

Evaluation of Stress and Immunity From previous studies, the capability of a human being to defend themselves against infections showed clear changes in response to simulated weightlessness or confinement on earth. Interestingly, these changes appeared to be associated with mental stres…

Every year theres a sizable quantity of students that drop out of school. essays writer It may also aid with career progression. These days, the chair is believed to be the most renowned academic chair on earth.. If a practice is temporally extended, it usually means that it happens over a time period. A number of the information is absolutely free and some you need to purchase. When you locate a service you prefer, dont neglect to look at my review of it.. This is a consequence of hydrostatic forces along with the impact of airway pressure. By comparison, structural changes brought on by simulated weightlessness gradually appear. It receives input from several sources and makes a cohesive reaction.. The very first project is going to be a prototype. The second is that robins appear to have the ability to observe the planets magnetic field with a procedure that even Albert Einstein referred to as spooky. Confirming performance The team produced a distinctive test station to evaluate their ...

Authors: Croisier, J.L. , Maertens de Noordhout, B. , Maquet, D. , Camus, G. , Hac, S. , Feron, F. , De Lamotte, O. , Crielaard, J.M. Article Type: Research Article Abstract: The objectives of the study were to measure the isokinetic strength of the hip flexor-extensor and adductor-abductor muscle groups in unilateral lower limb amputees and to evaluate abnormalities in order to improve the usual rehabilitation programs. Thirty-three patients with unilateral lower limb amputation were included in this study; they served as their own controls, the amputated side being compared to the intact side. Using an isokinetic device, the relative peak torques (N.m by body weight), …bilateral asymmetries and agonist/antagonist torque ratios were calculated for the hip flexor, extensor, adductor and abductor muscle groups. A significant reduction of mean concentric relative peak torque measured on the amputated limbs was generally observed when compared to the intact contralateral limb (p , 0.05). The mean ...

Fetus, 20 weeks. 46,XX Synopsis intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) cystic hygroma facial dysmorphism long philtrum proeminent (...)

The seeds are launched in a dry state inside the plant cultivation chamber at 22 degrees C. The plant cultivation chamber is placed inside the EMCS by the crew. The crew will activate Multigen, by pressing a button on the EMCS to water the seeds to begin germination. The growth process is closely followed using the EMCS provided time-lapsed video system. When the plant is fully grown and has developed seeds, the crew will press a button on the EMCS to start the dehydration process. The plant cultivation chambers are removed from EMCS and stowed for return to Earth. Once on Earth, a portion of the seeds from the dehydrated plants will be used in ground based morphological studies. The remaining seeds are harvested and returned to ISS in plant cultivation chambers for Mulitgen-2 ...

Results obtained in the study of nuclear γ-H2AX foci in irradiated PBL showed that the mean number of foci/nucleus during a short-repair time was comparable in 1g and MMG. At later times the decrease of foci number was significantly different; indeed, PBL incubated in 1g at 24h after irradiation showed 2 foci/nucleus, instead those incubated in MMG showed a mean of 6.4 foci/nucleus at the same time-points. To verify whether the disappearance of γ-H2AX foci correlated with the rejoining of double strand breaks, we subjected irradiated PBL, incubated in 1g or MMG, to PFGE assay. We found that in cells incubated in MMG, FR was higher than in 1g (77% vs. 33% at 2 h and 50% vs. 17% at 6 h, respectively). Summarizing, MMG probably affects the chromatin structure modulation that occurs after DSB formation, decreasing the efficiency of DNA repair. Thus, DSB rejoining that is almost completed in few hours in normal culture conditions, could take more time in MMG. In second part of the project we ...

Different Responsiveness of Endothelial Cells to Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Added to Culture Media Under Gravity and Simulated Microgravity ...

In 2011, the Space Foundation inducted CellXpansion technology into the Space Technology Hall of Fame. CellXpansion is a bioreactor device that allows scientists to grow cells in simulated microgravity that mimic cells grown in the human body. NASA developed this technology to replicate human cells after the shuttle fleet was grounded following the Challenger disaster. AriBio uses CellXpansion to blend biomolecules with skin care products to create a more effective and healthier product. The South Korean-based healthcare company believes in a world without disease, and using abstract methods to produce better results for their clients. The name AriBio stems from a traditional Korean word meaning a deep and broad person with beauty and wisdom ...

of symptoms. The first follow-up revealed no focal neurological signs with a history of a transitory unilateral lower limb ... On July 2008 the patient will be examined again by a specialist, and at that time should commence a treatment that at this point has .... ...

General Bio-optimization Through their expanded genome and comprehensive epigenetic regulation superior bodies are designed to rapidly adapt to changing environmental conditions. Placing a su in a given environment (high temperature, low temperature, humid, dry, high, low, or microgravity conditions, etc.) for a significant length of time will trigger (generally over a period of some weeks, but in extreme cases some changes can happen in a matter of hours) a series of physiological and biochemical changes that will result in the su being adapted to survive comfortably in the environment they are in. This may result in alteration of the physical features, darkening or lightening of the skin, growth or loss of insulating hair and fat layers, addition or loss of bone and cartilage, and so on. In more extreme cases even changes in limb number, organ function or even gender may be achieved. This ability also leads to su being able to gain rapid immunity to a wide range of allergens, poisons, and ...

Scientists in France are looking for 10 fit and healthy men to participate in an experiment that will evaluate the effects of microgravity on their bodies.

The effects of launch vibrations and microgravity on the cytoskeletal organization of a Jurkat leukemic cell line flown in space have been identified using a microarray approach.

NanoRacks-Loomis Chaffee School-Effect of microgravity on protein aggregation (NanoRacks-LCS-Protein Aggregation) is a proof-of-concept experiment determining whether or not Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) aggregation can be induced in microgravity. This experiment yields data regarding protein aggregation kinetics and aggregation conformation in microgravity. Studying the effects of microgravity on lysozyme aggregation, which is similar to aggregation of other neurodegenerative diseases, may yield new discoveries pertinent to the neurodegenerative disease mechanism. Protein aggregation is involved in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimers or Parkinsons. By performing NanoRacks-LCS-Protein Aggregation, it is possible that more protein aggregation studies can be realized in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS). ^ back to top ...

Regarding future space exploration missions and long-term exposure experiments, a detailed investigation of all factors present in the outer space environment and their effects on organisms of all life kingdoms is advantageous. Influenced by the multiple factors of outer space, the extremophilic bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans has been long-termly exposed outside the International Space Station in frames of the Tanpopo orbital mission. The study presented here aims to elucidate molecular key components in D. radiodurans, which are responsible for recognition and adaptation to simulated microgravity. D. radiodurans cultures were grown for two days on plates in a fast-rotating 2-D clinostat to minimize sedimentation, thus simulating reduced gravity conditions. Subsequently, metabolites and proteins were extracted and measured with mass spectrometry-based techniques. Our results emphasize the importance of certain signal transducer proteins, which showed higher abundances in cells grown under reduced

Exercise in Hypobaric, Hyperbaric, and Microgravity Environments. Definitions. Hypobaric - low atmospheric pressure Altitude Hyperbaric - high atmospheric pressure Underwater Microgravity - low gravitational force Space. Hypobaric Environment. Slideshow 1766369 by alyn

This is the first study to examine the effects of TEAS used as a countermeasure against cardiovascular deconditioning during HDBR in humans. The main finding is that TEAS treatment for 30 min each day for 4 days produced a marked improvement in OT, primarily by changing volume-regulating hormone levels, improving cardiac performance, and activating the peripheral sympathetic nervous system.. Microgravity experienced during manned spaceflight may lead to long-term deregulated cardiovascular function, compromised OT, bone demineralisation, body fluid loss and muscular atrophy.2 ,10 Cardiovascular deconditioning is one of the biggest problems for space missions, and OI tends to appear on return to Earth.1 Deteriorating cardiac systolic function is the main factor contributing to cardiovascular deconditioning.11 EA at PC6 is known to increase stroke volume and cardiac output and alleviate haemorrhagic hypotension.4 ,6 In a previous study on hypotension, we also found that TEAS stimulation produced a ...

The Spinal Elongation Task completed all its aims, contributing to closure of the HAB gap on microgravity effects on spinal elongation. Study findings were provided to the Constellation Programs Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) to aid with the seat design and evaluations, and account for in-space growth adjustments to accommodate crew in terms of clearance, fit, access/reach and seat ingress/egress. Results from this study were also delivered and can be added to the Human Integration Design Handbook (HIDH) in the form of recommendations and guidelines. This inflight activity provided microgravity data on crew anthropometry that could also be used in suit sizing adjustments in space. Further data will need to be collected to determine effect of the personal factors on anthropometric measurements and its trend over time.. ...

The effects of micro-gravity on the biophysical properties of frog labyrinthine hair cells have been examined by analysing calcium and potassium currents in isolated cells by the patch-clamp technique. The entire, anaesthetised frog was exposed to vector-free gravity in a random positioning machine (RPM) and the functional modification induced on single hair cells, dissected from the crista ampullaris, were subsequently studied in vitro. The major targets of microgravity exposure were the calcium/potassium current system and the IA kinetic mechanism. The amplitude of ICa was significantly reduced in micro-gravity conditioned cells. The delayed current, IKD (a complex of IKV and IKCa), was drastically reduced, mostly in its IKCa component. Micro-gravity also affected IKD kinetics by shifting the steady-state inactivation curve towards negative potentials and increasing the sensitivity of inactivation removal to voltage. As concerns the fast, transient potassium current, IA, the I-V and ...

The method of drop coalescence is being investigated for use as a method for determining the viscosity of highly viscous undercooled liquids. Low gravity environment is necessary in this case to minimize the undesirable effects of body forces and liquid motion in levitated drops. Also, the low gravity environment will allow for investigating large liquid volumes which can lead to much higher accuracy for the viscosity calculations than possible under 1 - g conditions. The drop coalescence method is preferred over the drop oscillation technique since the latter method can only be applied for liquids with vanishingly small viscosities. The technique developed relies on both the highly accurate solution of the Navier-Stokes equations as well as on data from experiments conducted in near zero gravity environment. In the analytical aspect of the method two liquid volumes are brought into contact which will coalesce under the action of surface tension alone. The free surface geometry development as ...

Oxygen influx showed an asymmetry in the transition zone of the root apex when rootswere placed horizontally on ground. The influx increased only in the upper side, whileno changes were detected in the division and in the elongation zone. Nitric oxide (NO) was also monitored after gravistimulation, revealing a sudden burst only in the transition zone. In order to confirm these results in real microgravity conditions, experiments have been set up by using parabolic flightsand drop tower. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was also monitored. Oxygen,NO and ROS were continuously monitored during normal, hyper- and microgravity conditions in roots of maize seedlings. A distinct signal in oxygen and NO fluxes was clearly detected only in the apex zone during microgravity, with no significant changes in normal and in hypergravity conditions. The same results was obtained by ROS measurement. The detrimental effect of D‟orenone, disrupting the polarised auxin transport,on the onset of the ...

A growing body of evidence strongly indicates that both simulated and authentic weightlessness exert a broad range of effects on mammalian tissues and cells, including impairment of immune cell function and increased apoptotic death. We previously reported that microgravity-dependent activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) might play a central role in the initiation of apoptosis in human T lymphocytes, suggesting that the upregulation of this enzyme might be (at least in part) responsible for immunodepression observed in astronauts during space flights. Herein, we supplement novel information about the molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-triggered apoptotic cell death and immune system deregulation, demonstrating that under simulated microgravity human Jurkat T cells increase the content of cytosolic DNA fragments and cytochrome c (typical hallmarks of apoptosis) and have an upregulated expression and activity of |i|µ|/i|-calpain. These events were paralleled by the unbalance of interleukin-

This year, the UCSD Microgravity Team has been accepted into NASAs Microgravity University program to pursue research involving biofuel combustion in near zero-gravity conditions. Microgravity University, or the Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program, offers undergraduate student teams the opportunity to propose, design, and fly their own experiments aboard the Vomit Comet aircraft. Each year, teams from universities around the nation submit their research proposals to NASA and a select number of teams are chosen, based on the quality of their proposals, to perform their experiments in a reduced gravity environment. The UCSD Microgravity Teams research proposal focuses on Fiber Supported Droplet Combustion (FSDC) of bioethanol and biobutanol to better understand burning rate characteristics of these fuels. An improved understanding of the combustion of these biofuels may lead to improvements in ground-based engines and fire safety aboard spacecraft, among other possible ...

The manned exploration of the solar system and the surfaces of some of the smaller planets and larger satellites requires that we are able to keep the adverse human physiological response to long term exposure to near zero and greatly reduced gravity environments within acceptable limits consistent …

Marco Castori, Oronzo Scarciolla, Silvia Morlino, Liborio Manente, Assunta Biscaglia, Alberto Fragasso, Paola Grammatico, Whorled hairless nevus of the scalp, linear hyperpigmentation, and telangiectatic nevi of the lower limbs: A novel variant of the phacomatosis complex, American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A, 2012, 158A, 2, ...

Background: Loss of bone and skeletal muscle atrophy resulting from non-weight-bearing are major concerns associated with microgravity environment and spaceflight deconditioning. The objective of this research was to address the fundamental issue of whether bone loss and muscle atrophy could be attenuated using weight-bearing aerobic exercise on a treadmill as a countermeasure in rats subjected to

For three years, students at New Mexico State University have pursued flight experiments for validation of a newly developed inertia property identification algorithm. The robotics-based algorithm was developed and studied using computer simulations only. It has not been fully validated experimentally because of the difficulty to physically test full six degrees of freedom system dynamics in microgravity conditions on the ground. In the attempt to experimentally validate the algorithm, two experiments onboard NASAs C-9 microgravity flights have been performed. Although these flight experiments have been an invaluable experience, the zero-gravity environment desired to fully validate the algorithm has not yet been achieved. The full validation requires 6 DOF, a zero-gravity motion condition which is virtually inconceivable for ground-based testing or aircraft-based testing. Therefore, the student team is developing a suborbital experiment to further test the algorithm. The experiment has been ...

Journal de Physique IV, Journal de Physique Archives représente une mine d informations facile à consulter sur la manière dont la physique a été publiée depuis 1872.

Currently scheduled for Monday morning, 25 June.. Like every other living creature we know of, humans evolved at the bottom of a gravity well. We take the Earths tug for granted, and so do our bodies. So its not surprising that our bodies behave oddly in orbit. What is surprising is that humans turn out to adapt remarkably well to zero-g (more precisely, microgravity).Weightlessness itself is the most important and the most obvious influence on life in space. Weightlessness complicates the business of daily life, from eating to sleeping. And space adaptation involves some very complex changes in the human body, both short-term and long-term. These changes can cause health problems both in space and on return to Earth. There are other factors, too. Outside the protective shield of the Earths atmosphere, astronauts have to contend with high radiation levels. These have long-term effects: an increase in the risk of cancer in later life, for example. This symposium is designed for anyone ...

Previously, it has been shown that the human ground-based model consisting of unilateral limb suspension (ULLS) induces atrophy and reduced strength of the affected quadriceps muscle group. Resistance exercise (RE) involving concentric-eccentric actions, in the face of ULLS, is effective in ameliorating these deficits. The goal of the present study was to determine whether alterations in contractile protein gene expression, e.g., myosin heavy chain and actin, as studied at the pretranslational level, provide molecular markers concerning the deficits that occur in muscle mass/volume during ULLS, as well as its maintenance in response to ULLS plus RE. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of 31 middle-aged men and women before and after 5 wk of ULLS, ULLS plus RE, or RE only. The RE paradigm consisted of 12 sessions of 4 sets of 7 concentric-eccentric knee extensions. Our findings show that there were net deficits in total RNA, total mRNA, and actin and myosin heavy chain ...

Experience weightlessness and ease your mind in our dry float therapy bed. This relaxing therapy uses a bed of highly-concentrated salt water to allow your body to float in a way that relieves the pressures of gravity. Just one session can significantly reduce chronic pain and helps heal muscle injuries in significantly less time.. Float therapy beds use an extremely high concentration of salt water to create an environment where the body floats and the user experiences the feeling of zero gravity. This feeling of weightlessness removes almost all exterior stimulation from the body, allowing the mind to shift its focus and heal the body both mentally and physically. ...

Our everyday lives involve such activities as sitting, walking, picking up things from the ground and lying in bed. None of these activities are possible in orbit.

The important findings of the present study were 1) resting supine MSNA increased after 60 and 120 days of HDBR, 2) the baroreflex slopes for MSNA were augmented after HDBR, in contrast to the attenuated baroreflex control of heart rate, and 3) MSNA increments in response to HUT after HDBR were similar to those before HDBR, but mean blood pressure in 60° HUT decreased after HDBR. The attenuation of baroreflex control of R-R interval after simulated microgravity was consistent with earlier studies (10, 15-17, 19). We emphasize that it may be difficult to manage and reproduce the present experiments due to the long HDBR duration.. In relation to orthostatic hypotension, alterations in peripheral vascular regulation were demonstrated after spaceflight (6, 18, 34). We hypothesized that the baroreflex modulation of vasomotor sympathetic nerve activity, which controls peripheral vascular resistance, may be impaired, and may thus cause a reduction in vasomotor sympathoexcitation, contributing to ...

Yes. Apart from Chinas Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, of course.. WHAT? I dont know anything about that!. As you can see here, for some reason they have virtual weightlessness, and residents learn to just float from one place to the next.. I just Googled that, and theres nothing about it. Is this just more of your horse poopy? Let me change my story very slightly. These guys are rehearsing for a Chinese production of Peter Pan. Here, we see Peter leading the lost boys as…. You are hopeless! Im never coming back here for information again! Thats probably a good idea. You should go to Wikipedia. Be sure to look up my newest entry, Weightlessness in Yinchuan, whats up with that?. Shed unwanted brain cells. Join the Oddly Enough blog network!. ...

The focus of the present work is the modeling of bubble growth on a hot plate during decompression (depressurization) of a volatile liquid at temperatures close to saturation and in the presence of dissolved gas. In particular, this work presents an organized attempt to analyze data obtained from an experiment under microgravity conditions. In this respect, a bubble growth mathematical model is developed and solved at three stages, all realistic under certain conditions but of increasing physical and mathematical complexity: At the first stage, the temperature variation both in time and space is ignored leading to a new semi-analytical solution for the bubble growth problem. At the second stage, the assumption of spatial uniformity of temperature is relaxed and instead a steady linear temperature profile is assumed in the liquid surrounding the bubble from base to apex. The semi-analytical solution is extended to account for the two-dimensionality of the problem. As the predictions of the above ...

Someone has some questions about CULLP (congenital unilateral lower lip paralysis). I have tried Googling for this information with little success.

The present study extends our previous results obtained during a 90-day bed rest in men (9) to women. Extreme physical inactivity, independent of changes in energy balance and macronutrient intake, induces hypertriglyceridemia, a decrease in insulin sensitivity, and a decrease in total lipid oxidation in favor of an increase in total carbohydrate oxidation in both fasted and fed states. As in men, inactivity decreases saturated but not monounsaturated fatty acid oxidation. The present study suggests some mechanisms involved in these metabolic alterations.. Bed rest induces an increase in plasma triglyceride concentrations, which may be due to a greater lipid absorption in enterocytes and/or a lower clearance of triglycerides. The head-down position used to simulate microgravity may induce a larger blood volume in the visceral areas (29), leading to greater macronutrient absorption. Our data suggest that hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by LPL may be reduced by bed rest, which is ...

OsteoOmics: The crew performed BioCell Media Changeout in BioCell habitat S/N 2. Millions of Americans experience bone loss, which results from disease or the reduced effects of gravity that can occur in bed-ridden patients. OsteoOmics tests whether magnetic levitation accurately simulates the free-fall conditions of microgravity by comparing genetic expression osteoblastic cells, a type of bone cell, levitated in a high-field superconducting magnet with cells flown in low-Earth orbit. This information helps scientists determine the molecular and metabolic changes that take place in magnetic levitation and real microgravity.. Hermes Facility: The crew opened the MSL HERMES Vacuum valve. These operations maintain the desired vacuum levels for the granular/regolith simulation experiments typically hosted by the HERMES facility. Hermes is an experimental microgravity facility that enables science experiments, microgravity exposure testing, testing of engineering components, testing of CubeSats, ...

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that are capable of differentiating all the somatic cell lineages, including those in the liver tissue. We describe the generation of functional hepatic-like cells from mouse ES (mES) cells using a biodegradable polymer scaffold and a rotating bioreactor that allows simulated microgravity. Cells derived from ES cells cultured in the three-dimensional (3D) culture system with exogenous growth factors and hormones can differentiate into hepatic-like cells with morphologic characteristics of typical mature hepatocytes. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction testing, Western blot testing, immunostaining, and flow cytometric analysis show that these cells express hepatic-specific genes and proteins during differentiation. Differentiated cells on scaffolds further exhibit morphologic traits and biomarkers characteristic of liver cells, including albumin production, cytochrome P450 activity, and low-density lipoprotein uptake. When these stem ...

We hope to precisely identify the time that gravity becomes critical to further development. We will incubate mice embryos under microgravity conditions (actually in an environment with no net gravitational force), and vary the length of time they are allowed to develop both with and without gravity before implantation. It is our hope that we can identify a critical phase of development that requires gravity. In other words, we hope to isolate a (hopefully narrow) window of time that an embryo removed from microgravity before or placed in after will develop normally. We will then examine the embryos at this stage and examine what signal pathways are active and how the cell is interacting with its cytoskelaton support. At this point, we would seek to develop an artificial means of triggering the identified signaling pathways. If time and resources permit, we would also attempt to isolate proteins upstream to begin to understand the mechanism by which gravity acts on it. ...

Supplementary MaterialsSupplementary Data 41526_2020_106_MOESM1_ESM. factors secretion had been assessed. To judge the chance of malignant change, the space-grown MSCs had been put through cIAP1 Ligand-Linker Conjugates 5 chromosomal, DNA harm, and tumorigenicity assays. We discovered that microgravity had significant effect on the MSC capability to secrete development and cytokines elements. They were more potent with regards to immunosuppressive capability in comparison to their similar surface control. Chromosomal, DNA harm, and tumorigenicity assays demonstrated no proof malignant transformation. As a result, it really is feasible and possibly safe to develop MSCs aboard the ISS for potential upcoming clinical applications. appearance by sMSCs may be reduced in microgravity environment, although this lower had not been significant. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is really a serine/threonine-protein kinase that facilitates the changeover from G2 to M stage from the cell routine. PLK1 promotes ...

Edouard Meylan, CEO of H. Moser & Cie., lead tests on board the Airbus that made the first Swiss parabolic flight, with assistance from sister company Precision Engineering AG. These tests were possible under such exceptional conditions thanks to the team at Witschi Electronics as well as in-flight support from their engineer Johannes Mayr. Edouard Meylan oversaw tests on various escapements to determine their behaviour in extreme weightlessness and hyper-gravity. This included an amplitude test on escapements including an original Straumann Double Hairspring®, a paramagnetic hairspring and variants of hairsprings with a Breguet overcoil. Other movements included in the flight were measured for analysis after the flight, and a set of movements tested for stability that will equip a new series from H. Moser & Cie. „The tests we made fall within the framework of advanced research conducted by our sister company, Precision Engineering AG, says Edouard Meylan. „Precision Engineering tests ...

21-year-old female with an acute onset of a unilateral sixth cranial nerve deficit. Brain MRI showed at least a dozen white matter lesions, one of them contrast-enhancing. Sensory evoked potentials showed a bilateral increase in latency. Multiple sclerosis was diagnosed, and the patient was treated by corticosteroids, followed by improvement of symptoms. The first follow-up revealed no focal neurological signs with a history of a transitory unilateral lower limb hyposthenia. On the second visit, a horizonto-rotatory nystagmus and irregular paraesthesia in the right toes are documented. ...

This payload focused on studying the effect of microgravity exposure on the expression of genes that play a role in tumor growth. Two modified flasks were seeded with osteosarcoma cells. Syringes containing RNAlater for cell fixation were attached to each flask and their contents were deployed just before the onset of microgravity (in the case of the experimental control flask) and just after its completion (in the case of the experimental test flask). Now that the mission is complete, the samples will be analyzed via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine how the expression of the genes has changed ...

The team used this system to make two objects react. In one instance they started with a particle of sodium suspended by one resonator, and a droplet of water suspended by another - and brought them together to produce a burst of energetic fizzing (see video). In another they used the system to collide a granule of instant coffee with a droplet of water.. For the first time, you can move matter in a very controllable yet contactless manner, says Poulikakos. For now, the system can only levitate things that are as dense or less dense than water. (Sodium and coffee granules are less dense than water, which is why they float).. The system could be used to safely manipulate hazardous materials or to simulate microgravity experiments at a much lower cost. From now on you dont have to go to space to do this, you can do it in your kitchen, says Poulikakos.. It might also be helpful for studying chemical reactions in new ways, such as seeing how liquids react when they are below their freezing ...

In this study, a piezo disk was used to generate a cloud of n-decane fuel drops, which were mixed with air, then carried into a combustion chamber and ignited by a platinum wire. Microgravity data obtained at the Japan Microgravity Center (JAMIC) were compared to normal gravity data, all at 1Atm pressure and 20+/-1°C initial temperature. Under normal gravity the lean limit was found to be 7.6x106/mm3 (Φ = 1.0), and from this point the flame front speed steadily increased from 20cm/s up to a maximum flame front speed of 210cm/s at a fuel drop density of about 14x106/mm3 (Φ = 1.85). Microgravity data showed a much richer lean limit - about 14.5x106/mm3 (Φ = 1.9), and the flame front speed did not gradually rise to a peak value. Instead, the measurements indicated a peak value of about 250cm/s, with a steep increase followed by a gradual decrease at richer fuel air ratios. A cellular flame structure appeared, and the cell size decreased as the mixture density increased ...

Research Expertise: Biomechanics , Computational Mechanics , Fluid Mechanics Dr. Ayyaswamys research is in the area of mechanical engineering, with foci in modeling, simulations and experimentation of multi-phase flow/heat and mass transfer. His latest research activities are concerned with the motion of nanoparticles and associated transport, particularly in the context of targeted drug delivery. Over the years, Dr. Ayyaswamy has contributed to many diverse areas of heat transfer, mass transfer, and fluid mechanics. These include investigations of: finite sized bubble motion and the effects of surfactants in the context of gas embolism, forced convective effects on condensation, evaporation and combustion of moving drops and particles, the effect of electric fields on flames under normal and microgravity conditions, capillary flows related to heat pipes, and buoyancy driven flows. In the area of interconnection of electronic chips by wire bonding, he has investigated the melting of metals and ...

By Jeanne Loring Stem cells boldly go… Last week at the New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) conference at Rockefeller University in New York City, we announced our collaborative project to study the effects of microgravity on neurons derived from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. The press release is here. Susan Solomon, the CEO of NYSCF, announced the unprecedented collaboration: NYSCF and San Diegos Summit for Stem Foundation (Summit) are providing the cells and designing the experiment. Space Tango, based in Kentucky, developed the …Read More. ...

March 3 - The space movie Gravity has swept the technical awards at the Oscars. Much of the groundbreaking work on conveying space and weightlessness was done at Londons Framestore. As Melanie Ralph reports the UK is leading the...}

For Koganezawa, every place on this planet holds its own sense of time. He does not attempt to arrest time in his works: on the contrary he allows time to move like waves on the sea.He contemplates the question of how to grasp a stream. Drawing is for Koganezawa a kind of primal stream. He is interested in how to blend streams and how to construct something new from such a mixture. In this, the motion that is perception always passes through the entire body. Weightlessness plays a crucial role in this context. By defying gravity Koganezawas work bears a relation to music, which he partly composes himself as a soundtrack to his videos. Listening thus becomes the finest form of seeing ...

Many women enjoy dancing, swimming, water aerobics, yoga, Pilates, biking, or walking. Swimming is especially appealing, as it gives you welcome buoyancy (floatability or the feeling of weightlessness). Try for a combination of cardio (aerobic), strength, and flexibility exercises, and avoid bouncing.. Many experts recommend walking. Its easy to vary the pace, add hills, and add distance. If youre just starting, begin with a moderately brisk pace for a mile, 3 days a week. Add a couple of minutes every week, pick up the pace a bit, and eventually add hills to your route. Whether youre a pro or a novice, go slowly for the first 5 minutes to warm up and use the last 5 minutes to cool down.. If you were a runner before you were pregnant, you might be able to continue running during your pregnancy, although you may have to modify your routine.. Whatever type of exercise you and your doctor decide on, the key is to listen to your bodys warnings. Many women, for example, become dizzy early in ...

Women in the seventh month of pregnancy or later should sleep on their left side. Sleeping in this position will provide your fetus with a good blood supply, and enable blood to flow easily to your uterus and kidneys. One of the worst ways to sleep is on your back; it restricts the blood flow to the uterus which can adversely affect your baby.. Make certain you are aware of any of the signals of premature labor. Take in as much information as you can about this, so that you can make contact your doctor at the right moment.. When pregnant, swim! Swimming is one of the best exercises you can do during your late pregnancy as it helps you stay active and helps you deal with the aches and pains that develop the further along you get. The weightlessness you feel as you swim is relaxing.. ...

Swimming in the open water means freedom. Whether challenging in the open water training and competition or simply to slide through the water to relax with the feeling of weightlessness, all that matters is the moment.. However open water swimming also poses dangers. No pool edge for holding in the vicinity, no ground markings for orientation, no pleasant tempered water, waves and currents are just a few differences to swimming in the pool. Good preparation and the right safety equipment will help you contain potential risks and have a good and safe time in the water. In the following we have compiled some important tips for open water swimming and show you in detail how Restube effectively and discreetly brings you safety in the open water. ...

didierfaustino.com. Sky Is The Limit is a domestic space sample, propulsed 20 meters above the ground, a tea room projected in a state of weightlessness, over the troubled horizon. The buildings body is nothing more than a fragile skeleton. Its thin arachnoid structure sets under tension a vertical void. A bicephalous head over this fleshless body is composed of two entities. Two captive voids of strictly similar dimensions provide two opposing experiences ...

I cant lean over either! I get nauseous like mad, pressure, sweaty and sick as heck - puts me out of commission and I have to immediately sit! Im talking lean over to pick up a dropped tissue, barrette, or anything of virtual weightlessness. NOW, I cant bend either because my joints hurt like heck. If I cant lean or bend, how the heck am I supposed to clean my house??? Anyway, Ive been incredibly upset about this and it was suggested (by someone knowledgeable) that it might be POTS - also might be tethered cord (by the same knowledgeable person).. I havent been diagnosed with POTS by a doctor but cant stand much and am forever having to sit - that hurts too and my legs are a disaster area - so I have to stand briefly to unkink my tweaking legs - repeat - repeat - repeat.. Freezing limbs that have always freaked people out with major concern have now been met with burning heat and sweating through my clothing (ammonia like sweat). I think I fall into the range of being emaciated (and YES I ...

Available in a Fill & Flow version. Shell in Nylon12 and Carbon fibre, making for superlative performance standards and wonderful weightlessness: 130 grammes this is as lightweight as it gets. This particular version bespeaks the sheer elegance of hand-upholstered products and the curated charm so typical of items leaving the Selle-Italia laboratories. DATA SHEET Weight: 143 g Rail: Carbo Keramic 7x9 mm Dimensions: 131x266 mm Category: racing