2-dimensional optical imaging spectroscopy; Fluorescence imaging; Intrinsic optical imaging; Optical imaging spectroscopy Voltage-sensitive dye imaging is an experimental technique to measure neuronal...

Taylor H. Newton, Michael W. Reimann, Marwan Abdellah, Grigori Chevtchenko, Eilif B. Muller, and Henry Markram , Nature Communications 2021, Volume 12, 3630, online 15 June 2021; doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23901-7 In Silico Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Reveals the Emergent Dynamics of Cortical Populations

This paper details the dissection procedure, instrumental setup, and experimental conditions during optical mapping of transmembrane...

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We evaluated several techniques for their ability to record membrane potential changes with voltage-sensitive dyes introduced into CNS neurons in the brain slice preparation. Using a probe designed for intracellular application, JPW1114, we found that iontophoresis or pressure pulses could not push the lipophilic dye through electrodes whose resistance was sufficiently high to produce good electrical recordings in cerebellar Purkinje neurons. However, properly selected patch electrodes could introduce the dye into the cell and still give good electrical records. Using this technique we recorded depolarizing and hyperpolarizing transients and climbing fiber responses using either a single photodiode or a fast, cooled CCD camera. While these results are promising, there are still problems due to the slow diffusion of the dye in the dendrites and a low sensitivity which requires signal averaging to acquire traces with a good signal to noise ratio ...

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Optical methods provide a rather precise insight into cardiac electrical activity. Voltage-sensitive dyes like di 4-ANEPPS convert the electric signal into a fluorescent signal that can be measured by standard optical methods. A realistic picture of the dynamic patterns that govern electrical activity in the human heart can be obtained only with thick tissue preparations, from large animals. We measure the fluorescence signal of an approximately 2.5 x 2.5 cm area on the surface of 8 mm thick porcine right ventricle preparations with a fast CCD camera at low magnification, and perform advanced simulations of the macroscopic dynamic features involved. To extract meaningful qualitative and quantitative data from these signals, details of the conversion from electrical to optical signal have to be known, and the problem of the 2D surface signal originating from a 3D distribution below has to be addressed. We compare experiment to simulation results applying a composite model based on both electrical ...

Optical mapping of the internal signal is a unique method of studying the brain and makes it possible to investigate the functional anatomy of the cerebral cortex with high spatial resolution. Modern modifications of this method make it possible to shorten the time to obtain individual functional maps, and this opens up new prospects of using the given approach in neurophysiological experiments. It is shown to be possible in principle to use optical mapping of the internal signal to objectively test the visual function: As the contrast of the visual stimulus changes, changes have been observed in both the amplitude of the metabolic response in the cortex and in the structure of the functional maps.. © 2011 OSA. PDF Article ...

Background: ZP1210 is a novel peptide from the same family as rotigaptide (ZP123) and AAP10, which are agents known to prevent gap junctional uncoupling. We used optical mapping to assess the effects of ZP1210 on conduction and action potentials in a model of metabolic stress and used immunoblotting to assess its effects on Cx43 phophorylation in the context of regional ischaemia.. Methods: Eight Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were isolated, perfused and loaded with the voltage-sensitive dye RH237. Hearts were perfused with either 50nM ZP1210 (n=3) or control (n=5) for 20 minutes, before being subjected to metabolic stress (hypoxic hypoperfusion at 5ml/min) for 30 minutes, and a subsequent 10 minutes of reperfusion with oxygenated perfusate at normal coronary flow rates. Epicardial activation was optically mapped every minute using a 256-photodiode array. A further 7 hearts were subjected to regional left anterior descending artery ischaemia (ZP1210: n=4, control n=3) for 30 minutes. Three segments ...

A signal digitizing system and method based on analog-to-time optical mapping, optically maps amplitude information of an analog signal of interest first into wavelength information using an amplitude tunable filter (ATF) to impress spectral changes induced by the amplitude of the analog signal onto a carrier signal, i.e. a train of optical pulses, and next from wavelength information to temporal information using a dispersive element so that temporal information representing the amplitude information is encoded in the time domain in the carrier signal. Optical-to-electrical conversion of the optical pulses into voltage waveforms and subsequently digitizing the voltage waveforms into a digital image enables the temporal information to be resolved and quantized in the time domain. The digital image may them be digital signal processed to digitally reconstruct the analog signal based on the temporal information with high fidelity.

Here we monitor VSD signals that report changes in membrane potential over large regions of the mouse cortex to study the spatial and temporal dynamics of spontaneous cortical oscillations present in the anesthetized and quiet awake mouse brain. This activity is highly synchronized across multiple brain regions and both hemispheres and, in particular, association cortices located in midline regions. Previous studies, using fMRI to measure much slower brain oscillations (infra-slow oscillations ,0.1 Hz) have shown a similar regional pattern (Fox et al., 2006). This pattern may reflect a default network of regions that are active during rest and tasked with global monitoring of internal environment and multimodal integration of information (Alkire et al., 2008). Our results are generally consistent with this hypothesis and now extend the observation to significantly higher frequencies. As in infra-slow activity in the human and primate brain, higher-frequency slow-wave oscillation in the mouse ...

Neurophysiology is the study of the functioning of the nervous system, generally using physiological techniques that include measurement and stimulation with electrodes or optically with ion- or voltage-sensitive dyes or light-sensitive channels.

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Here we present the methodology for fast and high resolution fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye imaging of detailed activity of neurons...

Although spiral waves are ubiquitous features of nature and have been observed in many biological systems, their existence and potential function in mammalian cerebral cortex remain uncertain. Using voltage-sensitive dye imaging, we found that spiral waves occur frequently in the neocortex in vivo, both during pharmacologically induced oscillations and during sleep-like states. While their life span is limited, spiral waves can modify ongoing cortical activity by influencing oscillation frequencies and spatial coherence and by reducing amplitude in the area surrounding the spiral phase singularity. During sleep-like states, the rate of occurrence of spiral waves varies greatly depending on brain states. These results support the hypothesis that spiral waves, as an emergent activity pattern, can organize and modulate cortical population activity on the mesoscopic scale and may contribute to both normal cortical processing and to pathological patterns of activity such as those found in epilepsy.

There are no commercially available, small, receptor-specific P2X1 ligands. There are several synthetic derivatives of the natural agonist ATP and some structurally-complex antagonists including compounds such as PPADS, NTP-ATP, suramin and its derivatives (e.g. NF279, NF449). NF449 is the most potent and selective ligand, but potencies of many others are not particularly high and they can also act at other P2X, P2Y and non-purinergic receptors. While there is clearly scope for further work on P2X1 receptor pharmacology, screening can be difficult owing to rapid receptor desensitisation. To reduce desensitisation substitutions can be made within the N-terminus of the P2X1 receptor, but these could also affect ligand properties. An alternative is the use of fluorescent voltage-sensitive dyes that respond to membrane potential changes resulting from channel opening. Here we utilised this approach in conjunction with fragment-based drug-discovery. Using a single concentration (300 μM) we ...

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Wavefront synchronization is an important aspect preceding the termination of ventricular fibrillation (VF). We designed a novel approach using multi-electrode pacing that could reduce the energy consumption of successful defibrillation by more than 100-fold. We compared the efficacy of a synchronized pacing algorithm using optical recording-guided pacing at the right ventricle and the posterior left ventricle in isolated rabbit hearts. Two modes of pacing were used in the study. The electrodes were individually controlled (independent mode, ISyncP) or fired together (simultaneous mode, SSyncP) when triggered by tissue polarization at a reference site separate from the pacing sites. The hearts were stained with voltage-sensitive dye and illuminated with laser for epifluorescence imaging during pacing. The number of phase singularities of VF propagation was used to estimate the complexity of VF. A decrease in the number of PS signified a higher degree of VF organization. We found that the pacing ...

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In this doctoral thesis, several aspects of neuronal activity in the rat superior olivary complex (SOC), an auditory brainstem structure, were analyzed using optical imaging with voltage-sensitive dyes (VSD). The thesis is divided into 5 Chapters. Chapter 1 is a general introduction, which gives an overview of the auditory brainstem and VSD imaging. In Chapter 2, an optical imaging method for the SOC was standardized, using the VSD RH795. To do so, the following factors were optimized: (1) An extracellular potassium concentration of 5 mM is necessary during the incubation and recording to observe synaptically evoked responses in the SOC. (2) Employing different power supplies reduced the noise. (3) Averaging of 10 subsequent trials yielded a better signal-to-noise ratio. (4) RH795 of 100 µM with 50 min prewash was optimal to image SOC slices for more than one hour. (5) Stimulus-evoked optical signals were TTX sensitive, revealing action potential-driven input. (6) Synaptically evoked optical ...

To obtain an optical recording medium capable of recording at various recording transfer rates from a low speed to a high speed, by using a simple recording strategy. A recording layer 18 of a write-once optical recording medium capable of recording from a low speed to a high speed is formed by laminating a first sub recording layer 18 A and a second sub recording layer 18 B each containing a metal as its main component. When the recording layer (laminated recording layer) 18 is irradiated with a laser beam having a wavelength equal to or shorter than a blue wavelength by using a recording strategy comprising only a ratio of write power to bias power, the main component metals contained in the first and second sub recording layers 18 A, 18 B diffuse and are thus mixed together, forming the sub recording layers into a single layer by means of such mixing and forming recording marks whose reflectance have been irreversibly changed. Since the recording mark formation process does not

TY - JOUR. T1 - GABAergic inhibition shapes frequency adaptation of cortical activity in a frequency-dependent manner. AU - Heistek, Tim S.. AU - Lodder, Johannes C.. AU - Brussaard, Arjen B.. AU - Bosman, Laurens W. J.. AU - Mansvelder, Huibert D.. PY - 2010/3/19. Y1 - 2010/3/19. KW - Short-term plasticity. KW - Neuronal network. KW - GABA. KW - Voltage-sensitive dye imaging. KW - Benzodiazepine. U2 - 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.047. DO - 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.047. M3 - Article. C2 - 20114035. VL - 1321. SP - 31. EP - 39. JO - Brain Research. JF - Brain Research. SN - 0006-8993. ER - ...

VANNI, M.P., THOMAS, S., PETRY, H.M., BICKFORD, M.E., CASANOVA, C. (2015) Spatiotemporal Profile of Voltage-Sensitive Dye Responses in the Visual Cortex of Tree Shrews Evoked by Electric Microstimulation of the Dorsal Lateral Geniculate and Pulvinar Nuclei. J Neurosci.; 35(34):11891-6. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0717-15.2015 ...

Circuit for reducing voltage oscillations created by transient pulses in the supply circuit in which a voltage-sensitive breakdown device is placed in series with the capacitor of an inductor-capacitor low pass filter. The breakdown device, having a finite threshold, provides a discontinuity in conduction during the noise pulse excursions to thereby damp any resulting oscillations.

CRESTRON CNXRY 16 PDF - The Crestron CNXRY installs in any Y-Bus expansion slot of a 2-Series control system to provide 16 isolated, low-voltage relay closures. Each group of

Our laboratory has developed Optical Mapping, a system for the construction of ordered restriction maps from individual DNA molecules. Our work centers on the development of new systems for genome analysis, including Optical Mapping, which exploit novel macromolecular phenomena to answer important biological problems. These are built upon a complex mix of principles derived from multiple disciplines including chemistry, genetics, computer science, biochemistry, optics, surface science and micro/nanofabrication. Recently, Shotgun Optical Mapping was used to construct whole genome restriction maps of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Deinococcus radiodurans, and Plasmodium falciparum (the major causative agent of malarial disease) without the use of PCR, electrophoresis, or clones. Presently we are applying Shotgun Optical Mapping to the analysis of more complex genomes, including human and rice, as well as of numerous microorganisms, where our mapping efforts are offering new routes to understanding ...

Buy Di-8-ANEPPS (CAS 157134-53-7), a fast responding membrane potential dye, from Santa Cruz. Molecular Formula: C36H52N2O3S, Molecular Weight: 592.87

A bipolar low-voltage quarter-square multiplier is presented. The proposed multiplier is very simple because the multiplier cell is built from four identic

Example data for receptor function and radioligand binding at wild-type and mutant receptors. (A) Channel function was measured using a voltage-sensitive fluoro

A method of reproducing information, and more particularly, a method of playing an optical recording medium storing music files by which a user can load only desired directories from the optical recording medium to reproduce the music files contained therein. Directories are searched from the optical recording medium and are displayed on a screen if the optical recording medium is driven. Desired ones of the directories are selected from the displayed directories and are loaded. Information corresponding to the loaded directories is reproduced. Only a directory selected by a user is loaded and reproduced. Thus, disc-loading time is saved so that the user can rapidly reproduce desired information.

Ion channel conductance can be influenced by electrostatic effects originating from fixed surface charges that are remote from the selectivity filter. To explore whether surface charges contribute to the conductance properties of Kir2.1 channels, unitary conductance was measured in cell-attached recordings of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with Kir2.1 channels over a range of K + activities (4.6-293.5 mM) using single-channel measurements as well as nonstationary fluctuation analysis for low K + activities. K + ion concentrations were shown to equilibrate across the cell membrane in our studies using the voltage-sensitive dye DiBAC 4 (5). The dependence of γ on the K + activity (a K ) was fit well by a modified Langmuir binding isotherm, with a nonzero intercept as a K approaches 0 mM, suggesting electrostatic surface charge effects. Following the addition of 100 mM N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMG + ), a nonpermeant, nonblocking cation or following pretreatment with 50 mM ...

An improvement in production of an optical recording medium of phase change type is provided. In the present method, the step of repeated recording and erasing which had to be carried out after initialization and before shipment in the conventional process is eliminated. The optical recording medium produced by the present process retain good properties after repeated overwriting. In the process of the present invention, the prior art initialization step is replaced by modification treatment and the subsequent crystallization treatment. The modification treatment is a step wherein non-crystalline recording layer formed by sputtering is melted and cooled to change the crystal-lographic state into a non-crystalline state which is different from the non-crystalline state immediately after the formation of the recording layer. The crystallization treatment is a step conducted after the modification treatment wherein the recording layer in non-crystalline state is heated for crystallization.

The inventions relates to a laser beam optical recording medium which features several read/write levels, comprising a first half-transparent level and at least a second level, the first one being close to the laser transmitting source, each level comprising a phase changing material layer with two stable states controlled by a laser beam, where the phase changing material is a metallic alloy whose chemical formula writes as: [(GeyTe1-y)a(SbzTe1-z)1-a]1-b(In1-xTex)b with: 0.4≦y≦0.6 0.3≦z≦0.5 0.4≦x≦0.6 0.3≦a≦0.5 0.01≦b≦0.3 the reflection coefficient of the first level being in the range from 10% to 30%, the transmission coefficient being at least 45%, the writing power being lower than 23 mW and the erasing power being lower than 10 mW.

Read Primary Vagal Projection to the Contralateral Non-NTS Region in the Embryonic Chick Brainstem Revealed by Optical Recording, The Journal of Membrane Biology on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

TY - BOOK. T1 - Financial Resource Flows for Population Activities in 2011. AU - Beekink, E.. AU - Eelens, Marianne. N1 - Reporting year: 2013 Metis note: Data geleverd door E. Beekink en M. Eelens.. PY - 2013. Y1 - 2013. M3 - Boek. BT - Financial Resource Flows for Population Activities in 2011. PB - United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). CY - New York. ER - ...

Sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular tachyarrhythmia claims hundreds of thousands of victims each year. The proposed research will focus on the mechanisms...

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购买(±)-Blebbistatin (CAS 674289-55-5), a potent, selective myosin II inhibitor。使用Abcam高品质的(±)-Blebbistatin帮助您更快取得科研成果。

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Circulomics develops sample preparation technologies for genomics applications such as long-read sequencing and optical mapping. Their Nanobind technology enables rapid processing of long DNA strands that can be more easily assembled into high quality genomes than by traditional approaches using short-read sequencing. In 2018, Circulomics began selling its first kits which have seen rapid adoption Read more about A year of growth for Circulomics[…]. ...

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To elucidate the formation of early thalamocortical synapses we recorded optical images with voltage-sensitive dyes from the cerebral cortex of prenatal rats by selective thalamic stimulation of thalamocortical slice preparations. At embryonic day (E) 17, thalamic stimulation elicited excitation that rapidly propagated through the internal capsule to the cortex. These responses lasted less than 15 ms, and were not affected by the application of glutamate receptor antagonists, suggesting that they might reflect presynaptic fiber responses. At E18, long-lasting (more than 300 ms) responses appeared in the internal capsule and in subplate. By E19, long-lasting responses increased in the cortical subplate. By E21, shortly before birth, the deep cortical layers were also activated in addition to the subplate. These long-lasting responses seen in the internal capsule and subplate were blocked by the antagonist perfusion, but the first spike-like responses still remained. The laminar location of the responses

Blebbistatin inhibits myosin ATPase activity and this way acto-myosin based motility. It binds halfway between the nucleotide binding pocket and the actin binding cleft of myosin, predominantly in an actin detached conformation.[10] This type of inhibition relaxes the acto-myosin myofilaments and leads to several biological effects. Blebbistatin inhibits the formation of blebs in melanoma cell culture,[11] hence its name. At a cellular level, blebbistatin also inhibits cytokinesis [11] and may also disrupt mitotic spindle formation.[12] Migration of cells can be either enhanced or inhibited depending on other conditions.[13] In neurons, blebbistatin was found to promote neurite outgrowth.[14] At the organ level blebbistatin stops the contraction of skeletal muscle [15] or heart muscle.[16] Blebbistatin has also been found to stabilize the super relaxed state in the myofilaments, where myosin heads are in a helical order and interact with each other but not with actin.[17][18][19] ...

A copolymer comprising 70 to 100 mole percent of repeating units comprising a formazan dye radical and a cyanine dye radical. The copolymers are useful in recording layers of optical recording elements.

By downloading, copying, or making any use of the images located on this website (Site) you acknowledge that you have read and understand, and agree to, the terms of this Image Usage Agreement, as well as the terms provided on the Legal Notices webpage, which together govern your use of the images as provided below. If you do not agree to such terms, do not download, copy or use the images in any way, unless you have written permission signed by an authorized Pacific Biosciences representative.. Subject to the terms of this Agreement and the terms provided on the Legal Notices webpage (to the extent they do not conflict with the terms of this Agreement), you may use the images on the Site solely for (a) editorial use by press and/or industry analysts, (b) in connection with a normal, peer-reviewed, scientific publication, book or presentation, or the like. You may not alter or modify any image, in whole or in part, for any reason. You may not use any image in a manner that misrepresents the ...

Smart and Friendly strikes a deal with Macromedia to bundle its optical recording devices with Macromedias Web publishing and graphic design tools so that Webmasters can back up sites.

Had this done yesterday and was wondering if any of you have fallen pregnant soon after. I have had two previous laparoscopies, last one two years

TY - JOUR. T1 - Spatial heterogeneity of transmembrane potential responses of single guinea-pig cardiac cells during electric field stimulation. AU - Sharma, Vinod. AU - Tung, Leslie. PY - 2002/7/15. Y1 - 2002/7/15. N2 - Changes in transmembrane voltage (Vm) of cardiac cells during electric field stimulation have a complex spatial- and time-dependent behaviour that differs significantly from electrical stimulation of space-clamped membranes by current pulses. A multisite optical mapping system was used to obtain 17 or 25 μm resolution maps of Vm along the long axis of guinea-pig ventricular cells (n = 57) stained with voltage-sensitive dye (di-8-ANEPPS) and stimulated longitudinally with uniform electric field (2, 5 or 10 ms, 3-62 V cm-1) pulses (n = 201). The initial polarizations of Vm responses (Vmr) varied linearly along the cell length and reversed symmetrically upon field reversal. The remainder of the Vm responses had parallel time courses among the recording sites, revealing a common ...

Blebbistatin promotes OPC differentiation in vitro and increases the complexity of OL branching in cultures. (A) Purified OPC kept for 3 d in differentiation-pr

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Eduati, F.; Mangravite, L. M.; Wang, T.; Tang, H.; Bare, J. C.; Huang, R.; Norman, T.; Kellen, M.; Menden, M. P.; Yang, J. et al.; Zhan, X.; Zhong, R.; Xiao, G.; Xia, M.; Abdo, N.; Kosyk, O.; Collaboration, N.-N.-U. D. T.; van Bömmel, A.; Caffrey, B.; Heinig, M.; Huska, M.; Mammana, A.; Perner, J.; Vingron, M.; Friend, S.; Dearry, A.; Simeonov, A.; Tice, R. R.; Rusyn, I.; Wright, F. A.; Stolovitzky, G.; Xie, Y.; Saez-Rodriguez, J.: Prediction of human population responses to toxic compounds by a collaborative competition. Nat Biotechnol 33 (9), pp. 933 - 940 (2015 ...

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