Action potential generation in excitable cells such as myocytes and neurons critically depends on voltage-gated sodium channels. In mammals, sodium channels exist as macromolecular complexes that include a pore-forming alpha subunit and 1 or more modulatory beta subunits. Although alpha subunit genes have been cloned from diverse metazoans including flies, jellyfish, and humans, beta subunits have not previously been identified in any non-mammalian species. To gain further insight into the evolution of electrical signaling in vertebrates, we investigated beta subunit genes in the teleost Danio rerio (zebrafish). We identified and cloned single zebrafish gene homologs for beta1-beta3 (zbeta1-zbeta3) and duplicate genes for beta4 (zbeta4.1, zbeta4.2). Sodium channel beta subunit loci are similarly organized in fish and mammalian genomes. Unlike their mammalian counterparts, zbeta1 and zbeta2 subunit genes display extensive alternative splicing. Zebrafish beta subunit genes and their splice variants are

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Erythromelalgia is a rare, acquired or (very rarely) inherited clinical syndrome of intermittently red, hot, painful extremities. The syndrome usually affects the lower extremities (predominantly the feet) but may also involve the upper extremities (

PRF readers can get free access to a selected Journal of Pain paper each month, thanks to the American Pain Society. Get the free full text of the selection from the December 2017 issue here.. ...

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...

Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunits play a key role in pain pathophysiology, and are modulated by beta-subunits. We previously reported that beta1- and beta2-subunits were decreased in human sensory neurons after spinal root avulsion injury. We have now detected, by immunohistochemistry, beta3-subunits in 82% of small/medium and 67% of large diameter sensory neurons in intact human dorsal root ganglia: 54% of beta3 small/medium neurons were NGF receptor trkA negative. Unlike beta1- and beta2, beta3-immunoreactivity did not decrease after avulsion injury, and the beta3:neurofilament ratio was significantly increased in proximal injured human nerves. beta3-subunit expression may thus be regulated differently from beta1, beta2 and Nav1.8. Targeting beta3 interactions with key alpha-subunits, particularly Nav1.3 and Nav1.8, may provide novel selective analgesics.

1 . Ben-Shalom R, Keeshen CM, Berrios KN, An JY, Sanders SJ, Bender KJ (2017) Opposing Effects on NaV1.2 Function Underlie Differences Between SCN2A Variants Observed in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder or Infantile Seizures. Biol Psychiatry 82:224-232 [PubMed] ...

Erythromelalgia is a peripheral nerve disorder in which blood vessels are episodically blocked and inflamed causing burning pain and skin redness.

Regeneration in humans is the regrowth of lost tissues or organs in response to injury. This is in contrast to wound healing, which involves closing up the injury site with a scar. Some tissues such as skin and large organs including the liver regrow quite readily, while others have been thought to have little or no capacity for regeneration. However ongoing research, particularly in the heart and lungs, suggests that there is hope for a variety of tissues and organs to eventually become regeneration-capable. In humans with non-injured tissues, the tissue is naturally regenerated over time; by default these tissues have new cells available to replace expended cells. For example, the body regenerates a full bone within 10 years, while non-injured skin tissue is regenerated within two weeks. With injured tissue, the body usually has a different response - this emergency response usually involves building a degree of scar tissue over a time period longer than a regenerative response, as has been ...

Disease marked by paroxysmal, bilateral vasodilatation, particularly of the extremities, with burning pain, and increased skin temperature and redness.

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Human GLCE full-length ORF ( NP_056369.1, 1 a.a. - 617 a.a.) recombinant protein with GST-tag at N-terminal. (H00026035-P01) - Products - Abnova

Description: This study was designed to determine if differences exist between the personalities of injured and non-injured athletes, injured and non-injured athletes in individual sports, and injured and non-injured athletes in team sports. Subjects were forty-three female athletes selected from six intercollegiate teams. The test instrument was the Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by the two-way analysis of variance. Alpha was .05. Conclusions of the investigation were that the personality of injured athletes does not differ from the personality of non-injured athletes, that non-injured athletes in individual sports are more self-assured than non-injured athletes in team sports, and that the personality of athletes in team sports does not differ from the personality of athletes in individual sports. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Hydrogen sulfide is a partially redox-independent activator of the human jejunum Na+ channel, NAv1.5. AU - Strege, Peter R.. AU - Bernard, Cheryl E.. AU - Kraichely, Robert E.. AU - Mazzone, Amelia. AU - Sha, Lei. AU - Beyder, Arthur. AU - Gibbons, Simon J.. AU - Linden, David R.. AU - Kendrick, Michael L.. AU - Sarr, Michael G.. AU - Szurszewski, Joseph H.. AU - Farrugia, Gianrico. PY - 2011/6/1. Y1 - 2011/6/1. N2 - Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is produced endogenously by L-cysteine metabolism. H2S modulates several ion channels with an unclear mechanism of action. A possible mechanism is through reduction-oxidation reactions attributable to the redox potential of the sulfur moiety. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of the H2S donor NaHS on Nav1.5, a voltage-dependent sodium channel expressed in the gastrointestinal tract in human jejunum smooth muscle cells and interstitial cells of Cajal, and to elucidate whether H2S acts on Nav1.5 by redox reactions. Whole cell ...

The protein encoded by the gene SCN4B in humans is one of several sodium channel beta subunits, type IV. These subunits interact with voltage-gated alpha subunits to change sodium channel kinetics. The encoded transmembrane protein forms interchain disulfide bonds with SCN2A. Defects in this gene are a cause of long QT syndrome type 10 (LQT10). Three protein-coding and one non-coding transcript variant have been found for this gene.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6330 http://rgd.mcw.edu. The sodium channel beta 4 subunit is most highly related to the beta 2 subunit, although it also shares substantial sequence similarity with beta 1 and beta 3. Its distinct localization and function indicate that it may differentially affect sodium channel protein-protein interactions and physiological function in the neurons and other cell types in which it is expressed. [406] ...

Address: Mass General, Neurology & Stroke, 15 Parkman St Boston, MA, 02114-3117, USA, 42.3625742, -71.0683072. Phone: (855) 644-6387. Website: www.massgeneral.org. Specialty: Neurologist. Notes: Alt ph (617) 726-6093. ...

Pain is something that many of us have gotten used too. Just because something else is hurting or at least hurting more now, dont neglect other injured, even non-injured areas of the body.

|span||b|Objectives|/b|: Although a million people regularly play beach tennis (BT) through the world there is no published information on BT injuries. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of BT injuries, and to identify differences between injured and non-injured players.|b|Methods|/b|:|/span| …

Erythromelalgia is a rare disorder characterized by burning pain, warmth, and redness of the extremities. Despite the controversy regarding nomenclature and classification, a distinction is generally made between primary (idiopathic) and secondary erythromelalgia (most commonly associated with myeloproliferative disorders), as well as between...

Meents JE, Bressan E, Sontag S, Foerster A, Hautvast P, Rösseler C, Hampl M, Schüler H, Goetzke R, Chi Le T K, Kleggetveit I P, Le Cann K, Kerth C, Rush AM, Rogers M, Kohl Z, Schmelz M, Wagner W, Jørum E, Namer B, et al ...

Erythromelalgia, formerly known as Mitchells disease (after Silas Weir Mitchell), is a rare vascular peripheral pain disorder in which blood vessels, usually in the lower extremities or hands, are episodically blocked (frequently on and off daily), then become hyperemic and inflamed. There is severe burning pain (in the small fiber sensory nerves) and skin redness. The attacks are periodic and are commonly triggered by heat, pressure, mild activity, exertion, insomnia or stress. Erythromelalgia may occur either as a primary or secondary disorder (i.e. a disorder in and of itself or a symptom of another condition). Secondary erythromelalgia can result from small fiber peripheral neuropathy of any cause, polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis, hypercholesterolemia, mushroom or mercury poisoning, and some autoimmune disorders. Primary erythromelalgia is caused by mutation of the voltage-gated sodium channel α-subunit gene SCN9A. In 2004 erythromelalgia became the first human disorder in ...

Zongming Pan, Tingching Kao, Zsolt Horvath, Julia Lemos, Jai-Yoon Sul, Stephen D Cranstoun, Vann Bennett, Steven S Scherer, Edward C Cooper. J. Neurosci., 2006 Mar 8 , 26, 2599-613. KCNQ (KV7) potassium channels underlie subthreshold M-currents that stabilize the neuronal resting potential and prevent repetitive firing of action potentials. Here, antibodies against four different KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 polypeptide epitopes show these subunits concentrated at the axonal initial segment (AIS) and node of Ranvier. AIS concentration of KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, like that of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, is abolished in ankyrin-G knock-out mice. A short motif, common to KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, mediates both in vivo ankyrin-G interaction and retention of the subunits at the AIS. This KCNQ2/KCNQ3 motif is nearly identical to the sequence on NaV alpha subunits that serves these functions. All identified NaV and KCNQ genes of worms, insects, and molluscs lack the ankyrin-G binding motif. In contrast, vertebrate ...

Address: Johns Hopkins Bayview, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Cir Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA, 39.2895411, -76.5485147. Phone: (401) 550-7715. Website: Specialty: Rheum, Scleroderma. Notes: Alt ph (443) 997-1552. ...

how does one recognise digital ischaemia,esp in erythrolmelalgia,a condition present in polycythemia.if anyone can upload a picture,itd be nice.

I was recently diagnosed with Erythromelalgia by a Dermatologist. (This was not the purpose of the consultation; I also have Raynauds, lichen planus, and have had erythema nodosum, now resolved.) Th...

The current density of TTX-S and TTX-R Na+ channels functionally expressed in low extracellular Na+ (50 mM Na+) and physiological extracellular Na+ environment.

Founded in 1983, the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association is a 501(C)(3) nonprofit organization with more than 15,000 patients and families, supportive friends, and medical professionals in its database. The CMTAs mission is to generate the resources to find a cure, to create awareness, and to improve the quality of life for those affected by Charcot-Marie-Tooth. In 2008, the CMTA launched STAR, a Strategy to Accelerate Research focused on finding treatments and, ultimately, a cure for CMT. The CMTAs vision is a world without CMT!. Erythromelalgia Association ...