Solvent vapor annealing of block copolymer thin films can produce a range of morphologies different from the equilibrium bulk morphology. By systematically varying the flow rate of two different solvent vapors (toluene and n-heptane) and an inert gas, phase maps showing the morphology versus vapor pressure of the solvents were constructed for 45 kg/mol polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane diblock copolymer films of different thicknesses. The final morphology was correlated with the swelling of the block copolymer and homopolymer films and the solvent vapor annealing conditions. Self-consistent field theory is used to model the effects of solvent swelling. These results provide a framework for predicting the range of morphologies available under different solvent vapor conditions, which is important in lithographic applications where precise control of morphology and critical dimensions are essential.. ...

Click here to access the recording from this webinar.. Vapor intrusion is the process whereby volatile chemicals present in groundwater or soil underneath a building may migrate up into the structure and potentially expose occupants to the subsurface contamination. Many parties - including regulatory agencies, potentially responsible parties, developers, and the media - view vapor intrusion as a serious problem in need of immediate attention. New regulatory policies regarding vapor intrusion are likely to complicate many real estate transactions, lead to the reopening of contaminated sites that have previously received regulatory closure, and result in a new wave of regulatory, clean-up, and tort litigation ...

Microbubble (MB) contrast agents have positively impacted the clinical ultrasound (US) community worldwide. Their use in molecular US imaging applications has been hindered by their limited distribution to the vascular space. Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) of nanoscale superheated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (NDs) demonstrates potential as an extravascular contrast agent that could facilitate US-based molecular theranostic applications. However these agents are metastable and difficult to manufacture with high yields. Here, we report a new formulation technique that yields reliable, narrowly dispersed sub-300 nm decafluorobutane (DFB) or octafluoropropane (OFP)-filled phospholipid-coated NDs that are stable at body temperature, using small volume microfluidization. Final droplet concentration was high for DFB and lower for OFP (,10¹² vs. ,10¹⁰ NDs per mL). Superheated ND stability was quantified using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). DFB NDs ...

Title:A Compendium of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Released By Human Cell Lines. VOLUME: 23 ISSUE: 20. Author(s):Wojciech Filipiak, Pawel Mochalski, Anna Filipiak, Clemens Ager, Raquel Cumeras, Cristina E. Davis, Agapios Agapiou, Karl Unterkofler and Jakob Troppmair. Affiliation:Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral-, Transplant- and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria. Keywords:Biomarker, Breath analysis, Cancer, GC-MS, Human cell lines, Standardization, Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), Volatilome.. Abstract:Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) offer unique insights into ongoing biochemical processes in healthy and diseased humans. Yet, their diagnostic use is hampered by the limited understanding of their biochemical or cellular origin and their frequently unclear link to the underlying diseases. Major advancements are expected from the analyses of human primary cells, cell lines and cultures of microorganisms. In this review, a ...

The solvent vapor treatment (SVT) for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (PAT6) films and its application to interpenetrating heterojunction organic solar cells have been studied. It was found that SVT could improve the crystallinity and electrical characteristics of the PAT6 films. We fabricated organic solar cells with an interpenetrating structure of PAT6 and fullerenes utilizing the SVT process, and discuss the improved performance of the solar cells by taking the film crystallinity, optical properties, and morphology into consideration.

Stay up to date on California vapor intrusion guidance! See the latest articles on California vapor intrusion guidance from SCS Engineers expert environmental consultants and environmental engineers.

Downloadable (with restrictions)! This discussion paper resulted in an article in the Journal of Empirical Finance (2005). Vol. 12, issue 3, pages 445-475. The increasing availability of financial market data at intraday frequencies has not only led to the development of improved volatility measurements but has also inspired research into their potential value as an information source for volatility forecasting. In this paper we explore the forecasting value of historical volatility (extracted from daily return series), of implied volatility (extracted from option pricing data) and of realised volatility (computed as the sum of squared high frequency returns within a day). First we consider unobserved components and long memory models for realised volatility which is regarded as an accurate estimator of volatility. The predictive abilities of realised volatility models are compared with those of stochastic volatility models and generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models for daily

A plan was developed to apply biosolid to soil of the former lake Texcoco to fertilize the pioneer vegetation. Because, no information exists about how differences in electrolytic conductivity (EC) might affect mineralization of biosolid and dynamics of C and N in soil, 20 soil samples forming a gradient in EC ranging from 22 to 150 dS m?1 were characterized, amended with 500 mg biosolid C kg?1 dry soil and incubated aerobically at 22 2 C while production of CO2, concentrations of ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2?), and nitrate (NO3?), and NH3 volatilization were monitored at 22 2 C for 70 days. Soil characteristics showed large variations with maximum values often >10-times larger than minimum values. The production of CO2 in the unamended soil ranged from 25 to 159 mg CO2-C kg?1 day?1 and NH3 volatilization from 0 to 189 ?g NH3-N kg?1 day?1. Application of biosolid increased production of CO2 significantly 1.4-fold and volatilization of NH3 11.5-fold. The EC explained most of the variation in ...

A nonrandom group of 40 volunteers participated in a study to determine the level of correlation between three methods of sampling for volatile organic compounds (VOC): organic vapor badges, charcoal tubes, and blood VOC levels. Each of 40 volunteers provided blood samples for analysis. Nineteen subjects wore organic vapor badges for at least 5 hours, and 24 subjects provided personal breathing zo

Uncorrected OCR) Abstract of thesis entitled. DEVELOPMENT OF PIEZOELECTRIC CRYST AL DETECTORS FOR SENSING BACTERIA IN WATER AND DETERMINING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR. Submitted by. WongYukYan. for the Degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong. in January 2000. The applicability of piezoelectric (P/Z) crystal sensors as detectors for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air, and sensing bacteria in water, has been investigated in the present study. The detectors developed provide a simple and sensitive on-site method for determining total organic vapours in air for occupational health protection, and provide a specific and economic method for determining Salmonella in water for food poisoning. cases.. For VOC determination in workplace air, a light and portable P/Z crystal detector has been developed. To reduce the interference of high humidity on the monitoring of organic vapours, the moisture content in the air. sampled was removed by two different drying ...

In one aspect, the inventive process comprises a process for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock containing nonvolatiles in a regenerative pyrolysis reactor system. The inventive process comprises: (a) heating the nonvolatile-containing hydrocarbon feedstock upstream of a regenerative pyrolysis reactor system to a temperature sufficient to form a vapor phase that is essentially free of nonvolatiles and a liquid phase containing the nonvolatiles; (b) separating said vapor phase from said liquid phase; (c) feeding the separated vapor phase to the pyrolysis reactor system; and (d) converting the separated vapor phase in said pyrolysis reactor system to form a pyrolysis product.

article{5bc6e8af-49e6-46da-8e48-1a370f027ebe, abstract = {We have studied GaP/GaAs/GaP and GaAsxP1-x/GaAs/GaAsxP1-x double-barrier resonant tunnelling diodes grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. We find that GaP tensile strained barriers in GaP/GaAs/GaP diodes may be grown with a barrier thickness below the critical thickness of about 12 monolayers. However, a corrugation of the strained barrier is observed by transmission electron microscopy. This variation may explain the low peak-to-valley ratio of the diodes (about 2). In contrast, GaAsxP1-x/GaAs/GaAsxP1-x resonant tunnelling diodes have been grown with a homogeneous thickness of the barriers, consequently showing a substantially improved electrical performance compared to the GaP diodes with peak-to-valley ratios >5.}, author = {Wernersson, Lars-Erik and Borgström, Magnus and Gustafson, Boel and Gustafsson, Anders and Pietzonka, I and Pistol, Mats-Erik and Sass, T and Seifert, Werner and Samuelson, Lars}, issn = {0003-6951}, ...

Graphical abstract: Layer-stack hexagonal cadmium oxide (CdO) micro-rods were prepared. - Highlights: • Novel hexagonal layer-stack structure CdO micro-rods were synthesized by a thermal evaporation method. • The pre-oxidation, vapor pressure and substrate nature play a key role on the formation of CdO rods. • The formation mechanism of CdO micro-rods was explained. - Abstract: Novel layer-stack hexagonal cadmium oxide (CdO) micro-rods were prepared by pre-oxidizing Cd granules and subsequent thermal oxidation under normal atmospheric pressure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterize the phase structure and microstructure. The pre-oxidation process, vapor pressure and substrate nature were the key factors for the formation of CdO micro-rods. The diameter of micro-rod and surface rough increased with increasing of thermal evaporation temperature, the length of micro-rod increased with the increasing of evaporation time. The formation of ...

Article What is a Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)?. What is a Volatile Organic Compound (VOC)? Our products are known for monitoring many different gases, but if you look closely at the description of some of them, you will see that it mentions the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Microbial volatile organic compounds in intra-kingdom and inter-kingdom interactions. AU - Weisskopf, Laure. AU - Schulz, S.. AU - Garbeva, Paolina. N1 - 7029, TE; Data archiving: np data (review). PY - 2021. Y1 - 2021. N2 - Microorganisms produce and excrete a versatile array of metabolites with different physico-chemical properties and biological activities. However, the ability of microorganisms to release volatile compounds has only attracted research attention in the past decade. Recent research has revealed that microbial volatiles are chemically very diverse and have important roles in distant interactions and communication. Microbial volatiles can diffuse fast in both gas and water phases, and thus can mediate swift chemical interactions. As well as constitutively emitted volatiles, microorganisms can emit induced volatiles that are triggered by biological interactions or environmental cues. In this Review, we highlight recent discoveries concerning microbial volatile ...

Downloadable! Proposals to introduce derivatives whose payouts are explicitly linked to the volatility of an underlying asset have been around for some time. In response to these proposals, a few papers have tried to develop valuation formulae for volatility derivatives-derivatives that essentially help investors hedge the unpredictable volatility risk. This paper contributes to this nascent literature by developing closed-form/analytical formulae for prices of options and futures on volatility as well as volatility swaps. The primary contribution of this paper is that, unlike all other models, our model is empirically viable and can be easily implemented. ; More specifically, our model distinguishes itself from other proposed solutions/models in the following respects: (1) Although volatility is stochastic, it is an exact function of the observed path of asset prices. This is crucial in practice because nonobservability of volatility makes it very difficult (in fact, impossible) to arrive at prices and

TY - JOUR. T1 - TiO2 mediated photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds. T2 - Formation of CO as a harmful by-product. AU - Selishchev, D. S.. AU - Kolobov, N. S.. AU - Pershin, A. A.. AU - Kozlov, D. V.. PY - 2017/1/1. Y1 - 2017/1/1. N2 - Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including acetone, alcohols and hydrocarbons was investigated in a static reactor using an FTIR in situ method. Three commercially available TiO2 powders and one TiO2 sample synthesized via thermal hydrolysis of titanyl sulfate were employed in the kinetic experiments. PCO reactions were conducted under different UV light intensities, initial concentrations of substrates, humidities, and temperatures. The formation of the final oxidation products and the kinetics of their accumulation were investigated. Analysis of the FTIR spectra revealed the formation of CO along with CO2 and H2O as final products in the oxidation of VOCs over all the TiO2 samples. No other final products were ...

MRD-00-586 was administered via individual inhalation chambers for four hours to ten rats at the maximum attainable vapor concentration of 4951 mg/m3 for four hours to assess acute inhalation toxicity. There were no mortality or gross pathological alterations noted in any of the animals. Based on the conditions of this study, the LC50 for acute inhalation exposure to MRD-00-586 vapor is greater than the highest obtainable vapor concentration (4951 mg/m3). Classification as an acute inhalation toxicant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations. ...

0023] Under conditions, such as that of a hot soak, in which the two-phase fuel may separate into a liquid phase and a vapor phase, the configuration of the fuel rail 100 may prevent the introduction of the fuel that has separated into the vapor phase from being introduced into the engine for two reasons. First, to the extent that fuel in the injector cavity 110 separates into a vapor phase, the vapor-phase fuel may be inclined to migrate upwards, away from the fuel gallery 111, and towards the upper portion of the injector cavity 110. Since the upper portion of the injector cavity 110 is in the vicinity of the outlet channel overlap 113, the vapor-phase fuel is less likely to be sent through the injection port 104 at the bottom the injector cavity 100, and the liquid-phase fuel in the fuel gallery 111 is more likely to be sent through the injection port 104, upon a restart. Second, upon a restart, fresh liquid-phase fuel will flow from a fuel tank through the inlet port 102 and into the inlet ...

Application of anaerobic swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) lagoon liquid onto cropland by irrigation is a common method of waste disposal and treatment. Currently, the application rate of swine lagoon liquid is based on the N concentration of the lagoon liqu id and the N required by the receiver crop to obtain a realistic yield. In North Carolina, only 50% of the total N in the swine lagoon liquid applied by irrigation is considered available for plant use during the first year after application. Uncertaint y exists as to whether this coefficient accurately predicts the amount of plant-available N. Therefore, research was conducted in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina to determine the efficiency of N uptake by corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max M errill) receiving swine lagoon liquid through irrigation. The line-source sprinkler irrigation method was used to provide a continuous variable N rate, ranging from 0 to 290 kg N/ha, across the field during 1999 and 2000. Ammonia volatilization ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A wearable sensing system for assessment of exposures to environmental volatile organic compounds. AU - Chen, Cheng. AU - Tsow, Francis. AU - Xian, Xiaojun. AU - Forzani, Erica. AU - Tao, Nongjian. AU - Tsui, Raymond. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - A portable chemical sensing system that integrates sample preconcentration, separation and detection as well as wireless communication functionalities into a compact, wearable format can provide continuous and real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds in the environment. The sensing modality relies on tuning forks coated with molecularly imprinted polymers that, in conjunction with sample preconcentration, offer selective detection down to parts-per-billion levels. The use of capillary columns allows individual components of complex mixtures to be detected at these highly sensitive levels even in the presence of interferents. The wireless capability facilitates the utilization of a paired smartphone as the user interface as well ...

Free Online Library: Laboratory evaluation of volatile organic compounds emissions from coated and uncoated oriented strandboard. by Forest Products Journal; Business Forest products industry Emissions (Pollution) Case studies Oriented strand board Volatile organic compounds Influence

The current standard is developed for the purpose of implementation of Environmental Protection Law of the Peoples Republic of China and Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, protecting the environment, ensuring human health and standardizing the methods for determination of volatile organic compounds in solid waste. The current standard specifies the headspace-gas chromatography method for determination of volatile organic compounds in solid waste. The current standard is released for the first time.. ...

The exposure to MMA vapor concentration realized during percutaneous vertebroplasty (, 5 ppm) is well below the published recommended standard of 100 ppm (7). This recommended exposure level is a time-weighted average for an 8-hour workday. The measured values represent exposures during a period of approximately 1 hour. If each persons exposure is averaged over an 8-hour day, accounting for 7 hours of no exposure, the calculated time-weighted average exposure would be reduced by a factor of seven eighths. Under the conditions of this survey, the levels are, therefore, well within an acceptable range.. McLaughlin et al (8) also found occupational exposure of medical personnel to MMA to be at an acceptable level. These investigators measured MMA vapor concentrations achieved during total hip arthroplasty procedures in the operating room at 277 ppm immediately after the time of mixing, dropping exponentially thereafter, with concentrations of less than 10 ppm by 6 minutes after mixing. Our study ...

A published model for estimating service lives of organic vapor (OV) air-purifying respirator cartridges has been extended to include multiple organic vapors at all humidities. Equilibria among the OVs are calculated using Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory, whereas the effects of adsorbed water are considered as due to micropore volume exclusion. Solubilities of OVs in water must also be taken into a

To investigate the effects of F and S on the transport and concentration of Mo in granite molybdenite deposits, we prepared four synthetic granite compositions with Mo, S, and F. Each composition was run at 1000 °C and 100 MPa with 6 wt % H2O to stabilize the phase assemblage liquid + aqueous vapor. In all compositions, Mo is partitioned into the vapor phase and deposited on the capsule walls, in vapor bubbles in the quenched glasses, or in silica-rich spherules. F and S do not affect the partitioning of Mo. However, S plays a critical role in the deposition of Mo from the vapor phase. Thus, the initial water content of the magma, which controls the timing of vapor phase evolution, and the presence of S are primary controls on Mo ore deposition in these deposits.. ...

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The source of the vapor intrusion in Riversides Valley Pike neighborhood has been traced back to Mullins Rubber Products and Mullins Land Co.

Successful retail development depends on a site selection process that includes environmental assessment for things like vapor intrusion

Article Capturing Organic Vapors from Non-Condensable Gases Using Activated Carbon Adsorption Technology. There are many established uses of vapor phase carbon adsorption technology in the chemical industry. The majority are to capture organic vapors...

The use of argon as an environment for the dc arc results in marked prolongation of volatilization, increased initial electrode currents, and enhancement of lines of many elements, particularly volatile ones, when samples are burnt to extinction and compared to helium and argon-helium mixtures. An interdependent relationship between total time necessary for complete volatilization of samples, percentage helium and argon composition of the atmosphere, and sample concentrations is demonstrated. Independently, a relationship between the electrode current, percent helium and argon, and concentration of the sample exists.. © 1952 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...

A winter and a summer nitrogen mass balance experiment were conducted to analyze effects of feeding clinoptilolite zeolite clay to steers. No differences were found in steer ADG, F/G or carcass characteristics. Nitrogen mass balance and volatilization were not affected by a 1.2% addition of clinoptilolite in feedlot diets. These experiments indicate clinoptilolite zeolite clay does not have a large enough cation exchange potential to be effective in reducing N volatilization in open feedlot pens.

Go to Home Depot. Grab a 12 oz. drop cloth (Walmart only has 10 oz.)of whatever size or better yet grab a friend and do two with splitting a large cloth in half. Buy a gallon of Valspar Oil Gloss porch and Floor in Brick Red. Also pick up gal. of Boiled Linseed Oil(you will only need half of that and put the other half on shelf to use for everything else in the world and make sure its boiled for the evaporation process)and a quart of Olympic Maximum waterproof sealant(for its parafin wax(it dries fine),UV protection and sunblock). Split the gal. of porch paint, add quart of Linseed Oil to each and split the quart of Olympic Maximum between the two. Throw the cloth over a fence post or hitchn rail, put on some good music and start brushing it on. Let it sit overnight and then do the other side.KEEP IT OUTSIDE!DO NOT PUT INSIDE DUE TO POSSIBLE AUTO COMBUSTION UNTIL DRIED(evaporation process). In a couple of days it will be good to go and have a beautiful frontier color. Then grab a round ...

We aim to calibrate stochastic volatility models from option prices. We develop a Tikhonov regularization approach to recover the risk ne-utral drift term and diffusion term of the volatility (or variance) process which are presumed to be a deterministic function of instantaneous volatility (or v-ariance) and time, as well as the correlation coefficient as a function of time. In contrast to the most existing literature, we do not assume that these terms in the general stochastic volatility model have special structures. A modified Dupires equation associated with stochastic volatility models is first proposed, which allows us to formulate the calibration problem as a standard inverse problem of partial differential equations. Then a Tikhonov regularization method can be used to recover these three terms respectively. The necessary condition that the optimal solution satisfies is derived for each term. We further simplified these necessary conditions. Then we propose a gradient descent algorithm ...

Volatility is an indispensible component of sensible portfolio risk management. The volatility of an asset of composite index can be traded by using volatility derivatives, such as volatility and variance swaps, options and futures. The most popular volatility index is VIX, which is a key measure of market expectations of volatility, and hence is a key barometer of investor sentiment and market volatility. Investors interpret the VIX cash index as a fear index, and of VIX options and VIX futures as derivatives of the fear index. VIX is based on S&P500 call and put options over a wide range of strike prices, and hence is not model based. Speculators can trade on volatility risk with VIX derivatives, with views on whether volatility will increase or decrease in the future, while hedgers can use volatility derivatives to avoid exposure to volatility risk. VIX and its options and futures derivatives has been widely analysed in recent years. An alternative volatility derivative to VIX is the ...

Rice has been fermented to enhance its application in some foods. Although various microbes are involved in rice fermentation, their roles in the formation of volatile compounds, which are important to the characteristics of fermented rice, are not clear. In this study, diverse approaches, such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), metabolic pathway-based volatile compound formations, and correlation analysis between volatile compounds and microbes were applied to compare metabolic characteristics according to each microbe and determine microbe-specific metabolites in fermented rice inoculated by molds, yeasts, and lactic acid bacteria. Metabolic changes were relatively more activated in fermented rice inoculated by molds compared to other microbes. Volatile compound profiles were significantly changed depending on each microbe as well as the group of microbes. Regarding some metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids, it could be observed that ...

Altech provides accurate and fast measurements of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds). We offer complete VOC CEMS or discrete analyzers.

An air-conditioned coach is an important form of transportation in modern motorized society; as a result, there is an increasing concern of in-vehicle air pollution. In this study, we aimed to identify and quantify the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and carbonyl compounds (CCs) in air samples collected from the cabins of newly produced, medium- and large-size coaches. Among the identified VOCs and CCs, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein/acetone, and isovaleraldehyde were relatively abundant in the cabins. Time was found to affect the emissions of the contaminants in the coaches. Except for benzaldehyde, valeraldehyde and benzene, the highest in-vehicle concentrations of VOCs and CCs were observed on the 15th day after coming off the assembly line, and the concentrations exhibited an approximately inverted U-shaped pattern as a function of time. Interestingly, this study also showed that the interior temperature of the coaches significantly affected the VOCs

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted into headspace over discrete electronic components including resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, and transformers were i..

At 303 K ethanol has a vapour pressure of about 0.118 atm., acetic acid has the vapour pressure of about 0.039 atm., and ethyl iodide has a vapour pressure of…

The FLIR GF320 is an IR camera for optical gas imaging. It visualizes and pinpoints leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), without the need to shut down the operation. This portable camera can greatly improve operator safety, by detecting emissions at a safe distance.

Learn more about volatile organic compounds (VOC) which are human-made contaminants used & produced in the processing of multiple products and materials.

The scope of this diploma thesis is to examine the four generations of asset pricing models and the corresponding volatility dynamics which have been devepoled so far. We proceed as follows: In chapter 1 we give a short repetition of the Black-Scholes first generation model which assumes a constant volatility and we show that volatility should not be modeled as constant by examining statistical data and introducing the notion of implied volatility. In chapter 2, we examine the simplest models that are able to produce smiles or skews - local volatility models. These are called second generation models. Local volatility models model the volatility as a function of the stock price and time. We start with the work of Dupire, show how local volatility models can be calibrated and end with a detailed discussion of the constant elasticity of volatility model. Chapter 3 focuses on the Heston model which represents the class of the stochastic volatility models, which assume that the volatility itself is ...

A laser printing system for multi-color and verso printing is formed of a plurality of units arranged in series which are simultaneously operated. A recording medium emerging from a paper exit region of a preceding unit is supplied to a paper entry region of the following unit. A switchable deflection means for the paper web is disposed in at least one of or between the units. The individual units can thus be constructed of individual fixing modules and printer modules which can be combined with one another. At least one fixing module follows a plurality of printer modules.

Changes in protein conformation are thought to alter charge state distributions observed in electrospray ionization mass spectra (ESI-MS) of proteins. In most cases, this has been demonstrated by unfolding proteins through acidification of the solution. This methodology changes the properties of the solvent so that changes in the ESI-MS charge envelopes from conformational changes are difficult to separate from the effects of changing solvent on the ionization process. A novel strategy is presented enabling comparison of ESI mass spectra of a folded and partially unfolded protein of the same amino acid sequence subjected to the same experimental protocols and conditions. The N-terminal domain of the Escherichia coli DnaB protein was cyclized by in vivo formation of an amide bond between its N- and C-termini. The properties of this stabilized protein were compared with its linear counterpart. When the linear form was unfolded by decreasing pH, a charge envelope at lower m/z appeared consistent with the

Ion charge state distributions of pulsed arcs have been measured for Al and Cr cathodes in vacuum and different background gases. The distance from the cathode

Applied Technical Services wants to help keep clients compliant with industry regulations and consumer products safe from Volatile Organic Compounds. With our newly acquired Thermal Desorption unit, we can test all kinds of parts for VOCs according to VDA 278.

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) are toxic chemical entities emitted invariably from stationary thermal operations when a trace of chlorine is present. Replacing the high-temperature destruction operations of these compounds with catalytic oxidation has led to the formulation of various potent

Degree of crystallinity, crystal morphology, and crystallite size affect many physical properties of semi-crystalline polyesters, including mechanical strength, optical clarity, and biodegradability. Inspired by the literature related to solvent vapor annealing (SVA) in block copolymer films and solvent-induced crystallization in semi-crystalline polymers, we are studying how SVA treatments impact crystal morphology. Using poly(ε-caprolactone) as a model polymer for our studies, we have conducted in-situ grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments to determine when/if polymer crystals dissolve during solvent uptake and at what solvent concentrations recrystallization occurs during solvent removal. Additionally, we have examined polymer morphology across multiple length scales using a combination of optical microscopy, profilometry, and atomic force microscopy ...

Sampling and preconcentration techniques play a critical role in headspace analysis in analytical chemistry. My dissertation presents a novel sampling design, capillary microextraction of volatiles (CMV), that improves the preconcentration of volatiles and semivolatiles in a headspace with high throughput, near quantitative analysis, high recovery and unambiguous identification of compounds when coupled to mass spectrometry. The CMV devices use sol-gel polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated microglass fibers as the sampling/preconcentration sorbent when these fibers are stacked into open-ended capillary tubes. The design allows for dynamic headspace sampling by connecting the device to a hand-held vacuum pump. The inexpensive device can be fitted into a thermal desorption probe for thermal desorption of the extracted volatile compounds into a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The performance of the CMV devices was compared with two other existing preconcentration techniques, solid phase

Ni catalysts supported on Nano porous catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method and tested for vapor phase hydrogenation of benzene. The textural and physico-chemical properties of Ni catalysts were characterized by the X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption-desorption analysis. The catalytic evaluation revealed that the best selectivity to benzene (| 84%) and high stability with the low coke deposition (| 1.1%) are related to Ni/Folded Sheets Mesoporous Materials-No. 16. The kinetics of benzene hydrogenation has been examined as a function of benzene and hydrogen pressures at various temperatures. Two kinetic models based on power law and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanisms were developed for the reaction and compared with the obtained experimental data. The apparent kinetic parameters were estimated using the multiple regression analysis. Both these models present the good results.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Biological aspects of constructing volatile organic compound emission inventories. AU - Monson, Russell K.. AU - Lerdau, Manuel T.. AU - Sharkey, Thomas D.. AU - Schimel, David S.. AU - Fall, Ray. PY - 1995/11. Y1 - 1995/11. N2 - The: emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vegetation is subject to numerous biological controls. Past inventories have relied heavily on empirical models which are limited in their ability to simulate the response of organisms to short- and long-term changes in their growth environment. In this review we consider the principal biochemical, physiological and ecological controls over VOC emission with specific reference to how such controls can be included in ecosystem-level inventories. A distinction is made between longer-term biological controls over basal VOC emission rates (rates determined under a standard set of environmental conditions) and instantaneous biological and environmental controls over instantaneous VOC emission rates ...

Soil Gas and Vapor Intrusion. Vapor intrusion is the migration of volatile chemicals from the subsurface into overlying buildings. Volatile chemicals in buried wastes and/or contaminated groundwater can emit vapors that may migrate through subsurface solid and into air spaces of overlying buildings. In extreme cases, the vapors may accumulate in dwellings or occupied buildings to levels that may pose near-term safety hazards, acute health effects or aesthetic problems. These air quality and vapor intrusion issues are a growing concern associated with Brownfield redevelopment. If volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are discovered in the groundwater or soil, then a vapor intrusion (VI) study is required. One approach to evaluating if VI is an issue at the Brownfield site is to collect soil gas samples from the unsaturated zone beneath the site. EPA has developed procedures for collecting soil gas samples and evaluating if VI could be an issue. Please visit the EPA website for more information ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Variation in the specificity of plant volatiles and their use by a specialist and a generalist parasitoid. AU - Gols, R.. AU - Veenemans, C.. AU - Potting, R.P.J.. AU - Smid, H.M.. AU - Dicke, M.. AU - Harvey, J.A.. AU - Bukovinszky, T.. N1 - Reporting year: 2012 Metis note: 5274; WAG; TE; AqE. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) provide important information that influences host location behaviour for insect natural enemies, such as parasitoid wasps, that develop in the bodies of herbivorous insects. The dietary breadth of both the parasitoid and its host may affect the extent to which a searching parasitoid relies on HIPV. Specialist species are expected to rely on specific volatile cues to which they respond innately, whereas generalists are expected to show a higher degree of phenotypic plasticity that depends on foraging experience in the parasitoid. We compared the response to HIPV emitted by different plant species damaged by host and ...

MRD-00-586 was administered via individual inhalation chambers for four hours to ten rats at the maximum attainable vapor concentration of 4951 mg/m3 for four hours to assess acute inhalation toxicity. There were no mortality or gross pathological alterations noted in any of the animals. Based on the conditions of this study, the LC50 for acute inhalation exposure to MRD-00-586 vapor is greater than the highest obtainable vapor concentration (4951 mg/m3). Classification as an acute inhalation toxicant is not warranted under the new Regulation (EC) 1272/2008 on classification, labeling and packaging of substances and mixtures (CLP) or under Directive 67/518/EEC for dangerous substances and Directive 1999/45/EC for preparations. ...

11. In an apparatus for the separation of a gas stream containing methane and more volatile components, C2 components, C3 components, and heavier hydrocarbon components into a volatile residue gas fraction and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said C2 components, C3 components, and heavier hydrocarbon components, in said apparatus there being (a) a first cooling means to cool said gas stream under pressure connected to provide a cooled stream under pressure; (b) a first expansion means connected to receive at least a portion of said cooled stream under pressure and expand it to a lower pressure, whereby said stream is further cooled; and (c) a first distillation column connected to receive said further cooled stream, said first distillation column being adapted to separate said further cooled stream into said volatile residue gas fraction and said relatively less volatile fraction; the improvement wherein said apparatus includes (1) said first cooling means being ...

We have introduced an in-situ Raman monitoring technique to investigate the crystallization process inside protein drops. In addition to a conventional vapour-diffusion process, a novel procedure which actively stimulates the evaporation from a protein drop during crystallization was also evaluated, with lysozyme as a model protein. In contrast to the conventional vapour-diffusion condition, the evaporation-stimulated growth of crystals was initiated in a simple dehydration scheme and completed within a significantly shorter time. To gain an understanding of crystallization behaviours under the conditions with and without such evaporation stimulation, confocal Raman spectroscopy combined with linear regression analysis was used to monitor both lysozyme and HEPES buffer concentrations in real time. The confocal measurements having a high spatial resolution and good linear response revealed areas of local inhomogeneity in protein concentration when the crystallization started. The acquired ...

Water vapour is a crucial parameter in atmospheric physics. Concentrations are low at upper tropospheric al- titudes, but radiation effects are sensitive to water vapour abundance at these levels. Obtaining reliable data of low water vapour concentrations in the upper troposphere is challenging. The Raman lidar technique for water vapour can meet this challenge, however, the Raman lidar water vapour data rely on an external source for calibration. For the Raman lidar Caeli in Cabauw, operational radioson- des launched in De Bilt, about 22 km North-East of the lidar location are routinely used for this. Differences in space and time between the observations influence the consistency and quality of the calibration ...

The concentrations of formaldehyde, individual volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and total VOCs (TVOC) were measured in four new manufactured houses on three occasions over nine months following construction. Ventilation rates were also measured. A mass-balance model was used to calculate area-specific emission rates of the target analytes. Formaldehyde concentrations were all less than a guideline value of 50 ppb. One-half of the 58 target VOCs had median concentrations at or below 1 ppb. The most abundant VOCs were terpene hydrocarbons, ethylene glycol, hexanal, 2-butanone and acetic acid. Concentrations of hexanal, other aldehydes and acetic acid often exceeded their odor thresholds. The median TVOC concentration was 1.6 mg m-3. In general, there were no large decreases in the emission rates of individual VOCs or TVOC over the course of the study. The data suggested that wood products were a dominant source of VOCs in all houses.. ...

Historically, sheet membranes used to mitigate vapor intrusion have been thick and robust geomembrane liners consisting of 60 mil High-Density Polyethene (HDPE). These robust liners were originally utilized due to their long history in landfill applications where they were subjected to aggressive leachate that forms within a landfill cell. To create tight seals, mechanical

The biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of the Hobart Air Shed and in the emissions from selected Tasmanian native trees and understorey shrubs were measured. The emission rates were then related to the plants essential oils content, which had been extracted by hydro-distillation. The VOCs in the ambient air of native forests have not previously been studied in Australia. This study used multi-adsorbent cartridge adsorption/thermal desorption and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The type, quantity, source and variation of the VOCs were investigated. The concentration of VOCs in the atmosphere surrounding vegetation in the Hobart Air Shed was determined. In all, 129 compounds of eight classes were detected. Ofthese, 11 compounds were National Pollutant Inventory substances and 32 were considered biogenic; however, this estimate is conservative. The concentration of total VOCs in these ambient air measurements varied between 4.43 x 10- 10 g L- 1 and 3.04 x 10-9 g ...

Environmental and health officials say vapor intrusion in a suburban Dayton neighborhood is more serious and widespread than originally believed.

Indoles production and use as a chemical intermediate, a perfume fixative, a synthetic flavor and possibly as a kairomone (a volatile chemical released by a plant to attract phytophagus insects) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Indole is released directly to the environment as a component of tobacco smoke and occurs naturally in coal tar, jasmine oil and orange-blossom oil. If released to the atmosphere, indole will mainly exist in the vapor phase based on a experimental vapor pressure of 0.0122 mm Hg at 25 deg C. Vapor-phase indole is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals, nitrate radicals, and ozone with estimated half-lives of about 2 to 3 hours, , 1 minute, and 6 hours, respectively. An estimated Koc of 350 and a measured Koc of 187, for a synthetic soil, suggest that indole will have moderate mobility in soil. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected based on an estimated Henrys Law ...

We use next generation vapor phase storage tanks, the most advanced and safest method for cryogenic storage at Securicord. Vapor phase tanks minimize the risk of contamination associated with older liquid nitrogen storage tanks. We can guarantees that your babys sample will be stored in a vapor phase tank.. ...

July 12, 2011 When soil moisture levels increase, pesticide losses to the atmosphere through volatilization also rise. In one long-term field study, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists found that herbicide volatilization consistently resulted in herbicide losses that exceed losses from field runoff.. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) soil scientist Timothy Gish and ARS micrometeorologist John Prueger led the investigation, which looked at the field dynamics of atrazine and metolachlor, two herbicides commonly used in corn production. Both herbicides are known to contaminate surface and ground water, which was primarily thought to occur through surface runoff.. Gish works at the ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory in Beltsville, Md., and Prueger works at the agencys National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment in Ames, Iowa. ARS is USDAs chief intramural scientific research agency, and this work supports the USDA priority of promoting sustainable ...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are small molecules that exhibit high vapor pressure under ambient conditions and have low boiling points. Although VOCs contribute only a small proportion of the total metabolites produced by living organisms, they play an important role in chemical ecology specifically in the biological interactions between organisms and ecosystems. VOCs are also important in the health care field as they are presently used as a biomarker to detect various human diseases. Information on VOCs is scattered in the literature until now; however, there is still no available database describing VOCs and their biological activities. To attain this purpose, we have developed KNApSAcK Metabolite Ecology Database, which contains the information on the relationships between VOCs and their emitting organisms. The KNApSAcK Metabolite Ecology is also linked with the KNApSAcK Core and KNApSAcK Metabolite Activity Database to provide further information on the metabolites and their biological

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and indoor air quality, what VOCs are and where they come from, health concerns, how to avoid VOCs, and proper ventilation tips.

The fracture toughness and the craze shape of a propagating single crack/craze in polymethylmethacrylate has been measured in a very low pressure toluene g

Volatile organic compounds are chemicals used to manufacture and maintain building materials, interior furnishing, cleaning products and personal care products. Volatile means that these chemicals evaporate or can easily get into the air at room temperature. Organic means these chemicals are carbon based. The term chemical emissions refers to VOCs as they evaporate into the air from products.. Studies by the EPA and other researchers from the New York Department of Health, have found that VOCs are common in indoor environments and that their levels may be two to a thousand times higher than outdoors. There may be anywhere from 50 to hundreds of individual VOCs in the indoor air at any one time. Some may produce objectionable odors at very low levels, but many have no noticeable smell.. ...

Described is an article useful for dispensing at a constant rate, continuously or discontinuously for discrete periods of time a volatile composition of matter such as an air freshener or perfume composition into the atmosphere surrounding said article, the article being a hollow totally enclosed flexible, rigid or partially flexible-partially rigid structure comprising a thin shell totally enclosing an inner void with part of the thin shell comprising a microporous polymer containing a plurality of finite solid filler particles whereby when the article is located in the ambient environment, the volatile material molecules are transported through the porous polymer at a substantially constant mass flow rate both of the individual volatile components and totally through the porous polymer. The functioning of the article is enabled because the microporous polymer section has (i) the property of transporting water vapor at a rate of between 50 up to 1000 g/m2 /day at about 25 C. and at about 50% relative

Abstract Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are trace substances found in exhaled breath. In the past years numerous studies have underlined the close connection between VOCs and various diseases. Several VOCs classes have been identified, such as: hydrocarbons, sulfur containing VOCs, amino containing VOCs or oxygen containing VOCs. The specific focus of the present review is to address the topic of VOCs fingerprint in several specific diseases such as: lung disease, heart disease, breast disease, Cohns disease, ulcerative colitis, gastro-enteric affections, schizophrenia and in vitro cell cultures…. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Determination of the total vapor pressure of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents. T2 - experiments and perturbed-chain statistical associating fluid theory modeling. AU - Dietz, Carin H.J.T.. AU - Creemers, Jeremy T.. AU - Meuleman, Merijn A.. AU - Held, Christoph. AU - Sadowski, Gabriele. AU - Van Sint Annaland, Martin. AU - Gallucci, Fausto. AU - Kroon, Maaike C.. PY - 2019/2/18. Y1 - 2019/2/18. N2 - Head-space gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was used for the first time to measure the total vapor pressure of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The new method was developed as a valid alternative for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as TGA did not allow obtaining reliable total vapor pressure data for the hydrophobic DESs studied in this work. The main advantage of HS-GC-MS is that the partial pressure of each DES constituent and the contribution of each DES constituent to the total vapor pressure of the mixture can be measured. The results give a clear ...

Abstract. A selection of models for estimating vapour pressures have been tested against experimental data for a set of compounds selected for their particular relevance to the formation of atmospheric aerosol by gas-liquid partitioning. The experimental vapour pressure data (all ,100 Pa) of 45 multifunctional compounds provide a stringent test of the estimation techniques, with a recent complex group contribution method providing the best overall results. The effect of errors in vapour pressures upon the formation of organic aerosol by gas-liquid partitioning in an atmospherically relevant example is also investigated. The mass of organic aerosol formed under typical atmospheric conditions was found to be very sensitive to the variation in vapour pressure values typically present when comparing estimation methods. ...

Functions of nanomaterials can be strongly dependent on their structures. Therefore, the knowledge of structure-function relationship can provide important information for designing functional materials. This dissertation aims to gain fundamental knowledge through structural analysis of nano-sensing materials for explosives and bio-diagnosis in order to enhance the sensitivity. The main project of my research involved the investigation into the fluorescence and quenching mechanisms of pyrene with a series of organic salts and/or polystyrene of a variety of architectures as well as the function of explosive detection. The major findings of this dissertation includes: (1) the formation of pyrene excimers can be enhanced by high solvent vapor pressure annealing with the polystyrene (2) tetrabutylammonium cation (TBA+) can effectively suppress the fluorescence but hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6 -) with TBA+can counteract this effect at high solvent vapor pressure driven by temperature. This process is

A sensitive volatile organic vapor sensor based on the LSPR properties of silver triangular nanoprisms is proposed in this paper. The triangular nanoprisms were fabricated by a nanosphere lithography (NSL) method. They have sharp vertices and edges, and are arranged in an ideal hexangular array. These characteristics ensure that they exhibit an excellent LSPR spectrum and a high sensitivity to the exterior environment changes. The LSPR spectra responding to ethanol vapor and four other volatile organic vapors-acetone, benzene, hexane and propanol-were measured with a UV-vis spectrometer in real time. Compared with the other four vapors, ethanol exhibits the highest sensitivity (similar to 0.1 nm/mg L(-1)) and the lowest detection limit (similar to 10 mg/L) in the spectral tests. The ethanol vapor test process is also fast (similar to 4 s) and reversible. These insights demonstrate that the triangular nanoprism based nano-sensor can be used in ethanol vapor detection applications ...

A thermal distillation apparatus including evaporation surfaces that are wetted with a solution, and from which at least some of the volatile solvent contained in the solution evaporates, condensers having an external surface in close proximity to, but not touching, a corresponding one of the one or more evaporation surfaces, and on which vapors of the solvent condense, releasing thermal energy that heats a flow of the solution moving upward within the condensers, spacers that prevent contact between the evaporating surfaces and the condensers, wherein spaces between the evaporating surfaces and the condensers are filled with a gaseous mixture composed of solvent vapor and one or more non-condensable gases, and except for diffusion of the solvent vapor relative to the non-condensable gases, the gaseous mixture is stationary.

A nonvolatile memory system includes nonvolatile memory organized into blocks, one or more of which are designated as spare blocks and one or more of which may be defective at the time of manufacturing of the nonvolatile memory. A controller device is coupled to the nonvolatile memory for measuring the health status of the nonvolatile memory by determining the number of growing defects on an on-going basis.

Non-aqueous solvents are removed from a substrate, e.g., paper, by contacting the substrate with a condensable, vaporous heat transfer medium that is in a superheated state, e.g., superheated steam, and maintaining said substrate in contact with said superheated heat transfer medium, while also maintaining said heat transfer medium in superheated state, for a period of time sufficient to effect removal of said non-aqueous liquid from said substrate without concomitant condensation of said superheated heat transfer medium thereon. The superheated heat transfer medium, as well as being the source of energy for evaporating the solvent, acts as a solvent vapor transport medium. Upon evaporation of the solvent, the solvent vapor-heat transfer medium mixture can be sent to a recovery zone to easily recover said solvent via condensation of the mixture and thereby avoid the discharge of said solvent vapors into the atmosphere.

The use of volatile organic compounds VOCs to detect mold growth in damp buildings depends on a comprehensive knowledge of the biosynthetic pathways available to indoor molds as well as their biological variation. Recent reports concerning VOCs formed during the growth of molds from damp buildings on laboratory substrates indicate considerable...

A method and apparatus for the humidification of gas streams, such as reactant gas streams for fuel cells, wherein the specific water evaporation rate, gas delivery temperature, and degree of gas humidity may be adjusted and maintained at predetermined levels. An ultrasonic device providing a water mist is used in the evaporation process. The amount of water vapor being introduced into the gas stream can be varied up to the saturation point of the reactant gas stream. As the water vapor leaves the evaporation chamber, it mixes with the gas stream in a gas humidification chamber or riser. The humidified reactant gas stream is then maintained at a set point temperature that is at least above the dew point temperature of the humidified reactant gas.

In order to determine volatile organic compounds (VOC) released from the building and furnishing materials gas chromatography with air samples enrichment on Tenax TA and thermal desorption was used. The results obtained were compared with the results of air samples enrichment on active carbon with carbon disulfide extraction. To the thermal desorption the home made device, a

We use a continuous 6-year record (1996-2001) of GOME satellite measurements of formaldehyde (HCHO) columns over east and south Asia to improve regional emission estimates of reactive nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), including isoprene, alkenes, HCHO, and xylenes. Mean monthly HCHO observations are compared to simulated HCHO columns from the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model using state-of-science, bottom-up emission inventories from Streets et al. (2003a) for anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions and Guenther et al. (2006) for biogenic emissions (MEGAN). We find that wintertime GOME observations can diagnose anthropogenic reactive NMVOC emissions from China, leading to an estimate 25% higher than Streets et al. (2003a). We attribute the difference to vehicular emissions. The biomass burning source for east and south Asia is almost 5 times the estimate of Streets et al. (2003a). GOME reveals a large source from agricultural burning in the North China Plain in June ...

n this work, a simple numerical model of the evaporation process of a single droplet of various fuels, e.g., n-alkanes (n-decane, n-hexane, and n-heptane) and kerosene is evaluated with various correlations at standard pressure (0.1 MPa) and various uniform temperature fields. The effect of natural, forced or combined convection is explored using an effective Reynolds number (Reeff). Studies are performed for n-alkanes and kerosene droplets and have been compared with the empirical data available in the literature for the temporal variation of droplet diameter, droplet surface temperature, and average evaporation rate constants at various temperatures under free-stream and quiescent conditions. A good match is observed for a particular property rule (Eq. 10), with different convective correlations, depending on the convective conditions present.. ...

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. giganteus) were measured in a continuously stirred tank reactor. The compounds predominantly emitted from sunflo

Foraging success of parasitoids depends on the utilization of reliable information on the presence of their often, inconspicuous hosts. These parasitic wasps use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that provide reliable cues on host presence. However, host searching of hyperparasitoids, a grou …

Pilot plant development of adsorption and PAO hybrid processes for the treatment of volatile organic compounds that cause odor.,Main projects completed

Which Filtration Unit is Best for Persons with Chemical Injuries of the Respiratory Tract…How Should You Choose?. Breathe-Rite pharmacists receive many calls asking to help clarify the question ……which HEPA/Residential Filtration System is right for me?. Many times these questions are easily answered over the phone. Generally we can direct individuals to our blog site, where comparisons are set side-by-side.. There are times, however, in which our patients have a more specific damage to the lung or an illness which requires special, individual attention.. In the past months we have been addressing these chemical injuries with more frequency. These are occurrences where chemical or physical damage has been done to the lungs. This may occur when there has been exposure to asbestos, or Volatile Organic Compounds and in some cases associated particulates. We include the gases or fumes given off from resins, paints, epoxys, sealers, and the various ethers used in modern plastics and ...

Wilson, Susan C. and Burnett, Victoria and Waterhouse, Keith S. and Jones, Kevin C. (1994) Volatile organic compounds in digested United Kingdom sewage sludges. Environmental Science and Technology, 28 (2). pp. 259-266. ISSN 0013-936X Full text not available from this repository ...

Read A minimally-invasive method for profiling volatile organic compounds within postmortem internal gas reservoirs, International Journal of Legal Medicine on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips.

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Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds: Principles stereochemistry of organic compounds pdf and stereochemistry of organic compounds pdf Applications. creative corner corner. Wilen Released at Filesize: 9. Stereochemistry of organic compounds: principles, and applications - D. The baby boom generation of organic graduate students learned most of what they know stereochemistry of organic compounds pdf about stereochemistry from that text. Conformation of Acyclic Molecules.. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds The first fully referenced, comprehensive book on this subject in more than thirty years, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds contains up-to-date coverage and insightful exposition of all important new concepts, developments, and tools in the rapidly advancing field of stereochemistry, including: * Asymmetric stereochemistry of organic compounds pdf and diastereoselective synthesis. ; Wilen, Samuel H. Introduction to Spectroscopy - stereochemistry of organic compounds pdf Pavia. 50 ...

Evaporation process is a crucial part of many fundamental industrials and medicals process. This paper numerically model a novel method of steam generation and enhanced evaporation using solar thermal energy. In this model, a capillary-raised fluid flows through a porous medium under localized heating condition, and the phase change from liquid to vapor at the liquid-vapor interface occurs. The hydrophilic porous material facilitates the capillary forces for better transportation of the bulk water through the porous media to the surface of porous media where the absorbed solar energy deliver to the amount of water inside the pores. The high capillary force due to the micro size inter connected pores inside the medium will rise the fluid from the cold bulk reservoir and the highly concentrated solar radiation focused inside the medium will evaporates the liquid very effectively. Based on this approach, the absorbed solar energy is delivered into the specific small pores of porous media that ...

Evaluation and development of soil values for the pathway 'soil to plant'. Significance of mercury evaporation for the burden of plants; Ueberpruefung und Fortentwicklung der Bodenwerte fuer den Boden-Pflanze-Pfad. Teilbericht 2: Evaporation von Quecksilber aus kontaminierten Boeden und deren Bedeutung fuer die Hg-Aufnahme von Kulturpflanzen. Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB). Schlueter, K.; Gaeth, S.. 2001-10-01. In cooperation with the Ad-hoc working group 'Transfer of heavy metals from soil to plant' of the Laenderarbeitsgemeinschaft Bodenschutz (LABO) the significance of mercury evaporation for the deduction of threshold values in respect of the impact via the pathway soil to plant was investigated. Mercury contamination of food- and feeding stuff plants was examined with special emphasis. For these purposes a lab experiment including three different soils with varying initial mercury load (background level, geogenic and anthropogenic contamination) and two ...