AIMS--The study aimed to assess the effect of initial visual acuity and type of amblyopia on the long term results of successfully treated amblyopia. METHODS--The visual acuity of 94 patients, who had been successfully treated for unilateral amblyopia by occlusion of the good eye and followed up to the age of 9 years, was examined 6.4 years, on average, after cessation of treatment. Patients were divided into two groups according to the depth of amblyopia before occlusion therapy was started: those with visual acuity between 20/60 and 20/100 and those with visual acuity of 20/100 or worse. RESULTS--Deterioration of visual acuity was observed in 42% of patients in the first group and in 63% of patients in the second group. Their average deterioration, as measured by the Snellen chart, was 0.58 and 1.54 lines, respectively. The results were also assessed by the division of patients into three groups according to the type of amblyopia: strabismic, strabismic anisometropic, and anisometropic. ...

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INTRODUCTION: Astronauts experience alterations in gaze control as a result of adaptive changes in eye-head coordination produced by microgravity exposure. This may lead to potential changes in postflight visual acuity during head and body motion. METHODS: We gathered dynamic visual acuity (DVA) data from 14 astronauts and cosmonauts after long-duration (approximately 6 mo) stays in space. Walking was used to induce self-motion and visual acuity was determined by sequentially presenting Landolt ring optotypes on a computer display placed 4 m in front of subjects. Acuity assessments were made while seated (static condition) and walking (dynamic condition) at 6.4 km x h(-1) on a motorized treadmill. In each condition, a psychophysical threshold detection algorithm minimized the required number of optotype presentations by maximizing the amount displayed around the subject's acuity threshold. The difference between static and dynamic acuity measures provided a metric of change in the ...

Ziel und Zweck der Arbeit: In dieser Arbeit wurden die Visusergebnisse der häufig verwendeten ETDRS- und Landoltring-Sehzeichentafeln mit denen des Freiburg Visual Acuity Test (FrACT) verglichen. Zusätzlich wird ein Hauptaugenmerk auf den Vergleich zweier Eingabemethoden für den Freiburg Visual Acuity Test gelegt, um ein mögliches Verbesserungspotenzial dieser aufzudecken. Bei den verwendeten Eingabemethoden handelte es sich um einen dreh- und fühlbaren Landolting (FrACTh) und die Eingabe mit einer modifizierten Zahlentastatur (FrACTk). Ziel dieser Studie war es, quantitative Aussagen zu folgenden Messgrößen zu ermitteln: (i) die Übereinstimmung des FrACTk und FrACTh, (ii) deren Reproduzierbarkeit, (iii) die Übereinstimmung der Visusergebnisse aller verwendeter Tests und (iv) deren Reproduzierbarkeit zu quantifizieren. Material und Methoden: Als Probanden nahmen an der Studie 25 augengesunde Studenten der Hochschule Aalen (19 - 28 Jahre) teil. Der Fernvisus jedes Probanden lag, mit

Effect of hemodialysis on visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and macular thickness in patients with chronic kidney disease Elias Chelala,1,2,* Ali Dirani,1,2,* Ali Fadlallah,1,2 Elise Slim,1,2 Youssef Abdelmassih,1,2 Henry Fakhoury,3 Patrick Baz,1,2 Riad Bejjani1,2 1Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, 2Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, 3Eye and Ear Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon *These two authors contributed equally to this work Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hemodialysis (HD) on visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and central foveal thickness (CFT) in patients with chronic kidney disease.Materials and methods: Forty-nine eyes from 49 chronic kidney-disease patients were analyzed. Causes of chronic kidney disease included diabetes mellitus (n=9 patients), hypertensive nephrosclerosis (n=15 patients), and other causes (n=25 patients). All patients underwent HD in the Dialysis Unit of Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital. Best

Purpose The decrease in visual acuity under low luminance conditions is well known. Recent laboratory evidence showed that crowding under low luminance (mesopic) light levels is less robust than under photopic conditions. The present study examines whether such differences in crowding influence clinical measurements of mesopic visual acuity, including test-retest repeatability. Methods Twenty adult subjects with normal or corrected to normal visual acuity were recruited for the study. Monocular visual 2 2 acuity was measured under photopic (228 cd/m ) and mesopic (0.164 cd/m ) luminance conditions using a letter chart, similar in principle to the ETDRS logMAR chart, presented on a computer monitor. Three rows of five letters, each row differing in size by 0.05 logMAR from largest to smallest were displayed at the center of the monitor. The level of crowding was varied by varying the separation between horizontally adjacent letters from 100% optotype size to 50, 20, and 10% optotype size. Inter-row

Purpose: : To compare visual acuity and refractive outcomes with lamellar DSAEK graft thickness over time. Methods: : We retrospectively analyzed eyes that underwent DSAEK surgery and had anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) measurements. We compared postoperative logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and manifest refraction to AS-OCT graft thickness at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Comparisons were made using paired T-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: : Forty-three eyes underwent DSAEK surgery and had AS-OCT imaging post-operatively. The average patient age was 66 ± 12 years old (range: 40-86 years old). Mean logMAR BCVA at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were 0.58, 0.39, 0.24, 0.22, and 0.33, respectively. Further analysis was performed in patients who had both visual acuity and AS-OCT measured at the same visit. There were no significant correlations of logMAR BCVA, spherical equivalent, or amount of cylinder with graft thickness by AS-OCT at any time ...

Decrements in visual acuity during head movement in patients with vestibular hypofunction are potentially serious problems. This deficit could contribute to decreased activity level, avoidance of driving with resultant diminished independence and, ultimately, limited social interactions and increased isolation. Oscillopsia occurs because of inadequate vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and suggests that compensation for the vestibular loss has not occurred. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an exercise intervention on visual acuity during head movement in patients with unilateral and bilateral vestibular hypofunction. We hypothesized that 1) patients performing vestibular exercises would have improved visual acuity during head movement compared to patients performing placebo exercises; 2) there would be no correlation between dynamic visual acuity (DVA) and the patients subjective complaints of oscillopsia; and 3) improvement in DVA would be reflected by changes in residual ...

In our previous reports1 2 on patients from the same study group as the present one, the long term results of occlusion treatment for amblyopia were analysed 6.4 years, on average, after treatment was discontinued. We found that visual acuity attained at the end of occlusion treatment was maintained in 47% of the treated amblyopic eyes. This finding concurs with the results of other investigators,5-11 who reported that 10% to 44% of treated eyes maintained their visual acuity at examinations performed 1 to 10 years after termination of occlusion treatment. We assume that the higher success rate in our case can be explained by the fact that we restricted participation in the study to those children who had complied fully with the instructions of the medical staff during the period of therapy and monitoring and were followed up to at least the age of 9 years.. The age at which therapy was initiated did not significantly affect the visual acuity results or the amount of deterioration of visual ...

MassVAT HOTV Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart. HOTV Optotypes can be used for testing preliterate children and illiterate patients. Buy online.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab and bevacizumab intravitreal injections to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Design: Multicenter, noninferiority factorial trial with equal allocation to groups. The noninferiority limit was 3.5 letters. This trial is registered (ISRCTN92166560). Participants: People | 50 years of age with untreated nAMD in the study eye who read | 25 letters on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart. Methods: We randomized participants to 4 groups: ranibizumab or bevacizumab, given either every month (continuous) or as needed (discontinuous), with monthly review. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome is at 2 years; this paper reports a prespecified interim analysis at 1 year. The primary efficacy and safety outcome measures are distance visual acuity and arteriothrombotic events or heart failure. Other outcome measures are health-related quality of life, contrast sensitivity, near visual acuity, reading index,

TY - JOUR. T1 - The effects of target wavelength on dynamic visual acuity under photopic and scotopic viewing. AU - Long, G. M.. AU - Garvey, Philip M.. PY - 1988/1/1. Y1 - 1988/1/1. N2 - The effects of target wavelength on the resolution of moving targets were investigated over a range of target velocities under both photopic and scotopic viewing conditions. The wavelength of the photopically matched targets had no effect on dynamic acuity under the bright background condition. However, with low background luminance the wavelength of the targets had pronounced effects, with blue targets producing far superior resolution and red targets, the poorest resolution. These results were maintained over both 250- and 400-ms target durations and regardless of whether initial target position was foveal or peripheral. The likely contribution of the rod system to dynamic visual acuity under some conditions is proposed, and possible implications for applied settings are discussed.. AB - The effects of target ...

purpose. To examine the responsiveness of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25) by using data from the MARINA and ANCHOR trials in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to establish the change in the NEI VFQ-25 associated with a 15-letter change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA).. methods. In MARINA, 716 patients were randomized to monthly intravitreal ranibizumab (0.3 or 0.5 mg) or sham injections. In ANCHOR, 423 patients were randomized to monthly ranibizumab (0.3 or 0.5 mg) with sham photodynamic therapy (PDT) or sham ocular injections with verteporfin PDT. Patients had follow-up interviews and BCVA measurements over 24 months. Data were analyzed separately for MARINA and ANCHOR, and treatment groups were pooled within each trial. The clinically relevant difference in NEI VFQ-25 was estimated based on regression models of change from baseline to month 12 in BCVA.. results. Subgroups categorized by BCVA change (≥15 letters gained, ,15 ...

Early treatment for Type 1 high-risk prethreshold eyes improved visual acuity outcomes at 6 years of age. Early treatment for Type 2 high-risk prethreshold eyes did not. Application to Clinical Practice Type 1 eyes, not Type 2 eyes, should be treated early. These results are particularly important c …

TY - JOUR. T1 - Does weight lifting improve visual acuity? A replication of Gonzalo-Fonrodona and Porras (2013). AU - Yonemitsu, Fumiya. AU - Sung, Yubin. AU - Naka, Kyoko. AU - Yamada, Yuki. AU - Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2017 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2017/8/1. Y1 - 2017/8/1. N2 - Objective: A physical effort such as lifting up a weight affects our perception and cognition. A previous study reported in two experiments that weight lifting improves visual acuity. In the previous study, participants visual acuity was higher while lifting weights than while resting. Moreover, via a case study, that study further showed that the heavier the weight, the better the visual acuity. These experiments, although interesting, lacked methodological details and thorough statistical analyses. We thus conducted experiments similar to these two previous ones that mitigated these issues. Results: Although our results of ...

Circulating monocytes and B-lymphocytes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration Sven Magnus Hector,1 Torben Lykke Sørensen1,2 1Clinical Eye Research Unit, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, 2Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Background: Individuals with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have altered number and distribution of retinal macrophages and show changes in circulating antibodies. We wanted to investigate the corresponding precursors, with subpopulations. We therefore measured monocyte and B-lymphocyte populations in individuals with neovascular AMD.Design: This was an observational case–control study.Participants or samples: A total of 31 individuals with neovascular AMD and 30 healthy age-matched controls were included.Methods: Patients and controls were interviewed, and ophthalmological examination included visual acuity assessment using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart,

Six months postoperatively, we measured uncorrected and spectacle-corrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity. Uncorrected and spectacle-corrected near visual acuity was easured using a Rosenbaum-Jaeger reading chart at 35 cm, and intermediate visual acuity at 60 cm. The chart was directly illuminated by a 60 W lamp. Uncorrected and spectacle- corrected distance visual acuity was measured using a Snellen chart fro 6 m. Visual acuity values were converted in logarithmic scale for statistical analysis. A Scheimpflug imaging system (Pentacam; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) was used to evaluate IOL tilt and decentration according to de Castro et al (10) as follows: IOL decentration is obtained from the distance between the IOL center and pupillary axis. Positive horizontal coordinates stand for nasal in the right eye and temporal in the left eye. Positive vertical coordinates stand for superior decentration, and negative for inferior decentration. By eliminating positive and ...

Purpose: To investigate the effects on near visual acuity, reading speed, central visual field and related quality of life of ranibizumab treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods: The study was a prospective, non-comparative consecutive case series, followed for 3 months and investigator-driven. Thirty eyes of 30 patients with wet AMD were included, mean age 75 years (range 69-95 years). In addition to a full ophthalmological examination - including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; Early Treatment Diabetic Research Study chart), fundus biomicroscopy, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography (occult cases) and ocular coherence tomography - near visual acuity, reading speed, central visual field and quality of life for related activities were also investigated at baseline and at 3 months after ranibizumab treatment. Results: Mean BCVA increased from 62 +/- 11 to 66 +/- 14 letters at 3 months (7%; p = 0.018). Near vision improved from 9 ...

Purpose:. Eye charts examine the persons ability to distinguish black letters or numbers on a white background. Snellen chart, first of its kind was developed by the Dutch eye doctor Hermann Snellen in the 1860s. There are many different variations of eye charts, but in general they show 11 rows of capital letters. In every line the letters get progressively smaller. The visual acuity is examined at 6 metres or 20 feet. People are more and more used to use phones on a daily basis; this is why they would also be more familiar with the reading text on the smartphones than on traditional paper charts. Test measures the clarity of vision or its ability to resolve detail. Client´s visual acuity depends on the accuracy of the retinal focus, the integrity of the eye´s neural elements and the interpretive faculty of the brain. Visual acuity at near should be tested in all clients, regardless of the client´s age. Reading test is used to verify that the prescribed correction is appropriate. When ...

Purpose:. Eye charts examine the persons ability to distinguish black letters or numbers on a white background. Snellen chart, first of its kind was developed by the Dutch eye doctor Hermann Snellen in the 1860s. There are many different variations of eye charts, but in general they show 11 rows of capital letters. In every line the letters get progressively smaller. The visual acuity is examined at 6 metres or 20 feet. People are more and more used to use phones on a daily basis; this is why they would also be more familiar with the reading text on the smartphones than on traditional paper charts. Test measures the clarity of vision or its ability to resolve detail. Client´s visual acuity depends on the accuracy of the retinal focus, the integrity of the eye´s neural elements and the interpretive faculty of the brain. Visual acuity at near should be tested in all clients, regardless of the client´s age. Reading test is used to verify that the prescribed correction is appropriate. When ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Predictors of visual outcome following surgical resection of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas. AU - Chaichana, Kaisorn L.. AU - Jackson, Christopher. AU - Patel, Amar. AU - Miller, Neil R.. AU - Subramanian, Prem. AU - Lim, Michael. AU - Gallia, Gary. AU - Olivi, Alessandro. AU - Weingart, Jon. AU - Brem, Henry. AU - Quinones-Hinojosa, Alfredo. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - Objective: Medial sphenoid wing meningiomas (SWMs) are relatively common tumors that are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, primarily from their anatomic proximity to many critical neurological and vascular structures. A major complication is visual deterioration. This study aimed to identify predictors of visual outcome following medial SWM resection. Design: Retrospective, stepwise multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis. Setting: Johns Hopkins Hospital. Participants: All patients who underwent medial SWM resection from 1998 to 2009. Main Outcome Measures: Visual function. ...

A terminal device includes an image data holding unit that holds examination image data, an image output processing unit that outputs the examination image data to a visual field/visual acuity examination device, a display unit that displays an image, and a display control unit that generates an examination image based on the examination image data and displays the examination image on the display unit. The visual field/visual acuity examination device includes a light source unit that emits a light beam, an image input unit that inputs the examination image data from the terminal device, a control unit that generates an image light beam based on the input examination image data and controls emission of the image light beam from the light source unit, a scanning mirror that scans the image light beam to generate an examination image light beam, and a projection unit that projects the examination image light beam as the examination image on an eyeball of a test subject. The examination image data

1. Introduction 1.1 Amblyopia 1.1.1 Definition Amblyopia or „lazy eye‟ has conventionally been defined as a unilateral or bilateral decrease of visual acuity caused by deprivation of pattern vision or abnormal binocular interaction, for which no cause can be detected by physical examination of the eye and which in some cases can be reversed by therapeutic measures (1). Clinically, amblyopia is defined as a reduction in best-corrected visual acuity to less than 6/9 monocularly in Snellen optotype or as a two-line difference or more in best-corrected visual acuity between the eyes in LogMAR optotype. This compares with findings in normal subjects, in which the interocular difference in best-corrected visual acuity has been found to be less than two lines (0.2 LogMAR optotype) in both infants and adults (2). However, clinical definitions are debated with different studies using different inclusion criteria for the amblyopic subjects participated. 1.1.2 Prevalence Amblyopia is a significant ...

The visual acuity test is used to determine the smallest letters you can read on a standardized chart (Snellen chart) or a card held 20 feet (6 meters) away.

Visual acuity test with Snellen eye chart examination for nursing students. This eye examination checks cranial nerve II, which is the optic nerve. Youll want

TY - JOUR. T1 - eHealth tools for the self-testing of visual acuity. T2 - a scoping review. AU - Yeung, Wai Kent. AU - Dawes, Piers. AU - Pye, Annie. AU - Neil, Malcolm. AU - Aslam, Tariq. AU - Dickinson, Christine AU - Leroi, Iracema. N1 - Copyright the Author(s) 2019. Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.. PY - 2019/8/22. Y1 - 2019/8/22. N2 - Uncorrected refractive error is a major cause of vision impairment, and is indexed by visual acuity. Availability of vision assessment is limited in low/middle-income countries and in minority groups in high income countries. eHealth tools offer a solution; two-thirds of the globe own mobile devices. This is a scoping review of the number and quality of tools for self-testing visual acuity. Software applications intended for professional clinical use were excluded. Keyword searches were conducted on Google online, ...

This study will develop estimates of visual acuity outcomes in children with PON 6 months following enrollment.. Secondary Objectives:. To describe visual acuity outcomes at 1 month, 1 year, and 2 years after enrollment.. To estimate the risk of an acute optic neuritis recurrence in the same eye at two years after enrollment.. To estimate the risk of developing acute PON in the fellow eye at two years after enrollment for children with unilateral PON at presentation.. To estimate the risk of diagnosis of MS 2 years after enrollment.. To characterize PON including prevalence of white matter lesions on MRI and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) antibodies at enrollment.. To determine retinal nerve fiber thickness and ganglion cell layer thickness - using spectral domain OCT at 1 month, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after enrollment.. To collect MRIs for future analyses. To assess quality of life (QOL) outcomes using current pediatric instruments at 6 months.. To describe low contrast visual acuity outcomes ...

We aimed to examine the effect of different doses of lutein supplementation on visual function in subjects with long-term computer display light exposure. Thirty-seven healthy subjects with long-term computer display light exposure ranging in age from 22 to 30 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group L6 (6 mg lutein/d, n 12); Group L12 (12 mg lutein/d, n 13); and Group Placebo (maltodextrin placebo, n 12). Levels of serum lutein and visual performance indices such as visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity were measured at weeks 0 and 12. After 12-week lutein supplementation, serum lutein concentrations of Groups L6 and L12 increased from 0.356 (SD 0.117) to 0.607 (SD 0.176) mu mol/l, and from 0.328 (SD 0.120) to 0.733 (SD 0.354) mu mol/l, respectively. No statistical changes from baseline were observed in uncorrected visual acuity and best-spectacle corrected visual acuity, whereas there was a trend toward increase in visual acuity in Group L12. Contrast ...

Hintergrund: Die Sehschärfebestimmung ist die am häufigsten geprüfte Sehfunktion. Landoltringe und Buchstaben werden oftmals als Sehzeichen zur Sehschärfebestimmung verwendet. In dieser Studie werden vier Sehtestmetho-den miteinander verglichen, welche derartige Optotypen darbieten: Der Freiburg Visual Acuity Test (FrACT), unter Verwendung eines Nummernblocks (FrACTk), bzw. eines rotierbaren, haptischen Landoltrings (FrACTh) als Eingabegeräte, die Tübingen Landolt Chart, auf welcher Landoltringe nach den Vorgaben der ISO 8596 sowie DIN 58220 Teil 3 dargeboten werden und ETDRS-Sehzeichentafeln. Ziele der Studie waren es (i) den Unterschied zwischen der subjektiven Bewertung der Testmethoden durch Probanden selbst, sowie die Beurteilung des Zurechtkommens der einzelnen Versuchspersonen durch den Untersucher, unter Verwendung von visuellen Analogskalen (VAS) herauszufinden und hinsichtlich der Testdauer (ii) die Ermittlung der Inter-Test Reliabilität zwischen den Methoden und (iii) deren Test-Retest

Visual acuity tests are the most common tests used to evaluate eyesight. They measure the eyes ability to see details at near and far distances. The tests usually involve reading letters or looking at symbols of different sizes on an eye chart.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Visual acuity and pupillary reactions after peribulbar anaesthesia. AU - Talks, S.J.. AU - Chong, N.H.. AU - Gibson, J M. AU - Francis, I.R.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - The effect of peribulbar anaesthesia on optic nerve function in 20 patients, before and after cataract surgery, was measured. All the patients had decreased visual acuity. Five (25%) had no perception of light. Seventeen (85%) developed a relative afferent pupil defect (RAPD). No patients saw the operating instruments. Seven (35%) had improved visual acuity immediately postoperatively. Patients should be warned that they may lose vision completely on being given a peribulbar anaesthetic; however their vision will improve, but not necessarily immediately, postoperatively. Examination for an RAPD is a good method of providing reassurance that the operating instruments will not be seen.. AB - The effect of peribulbar anaesthesia on optic nerve function in 20 patients, before and after cataract surgery, was measured. ...

Shallo-Hoffmann, Josephine; Coulter, Rachel; Oliver, Pamela; Friedman, S; Hardigan, Patrick; and Blavo, Cyril, A Comparison of Visual Acuity Tests as a Function of Age and Socio-ethnic Group in a Pre-school Vision Screening Study (2002). College of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Articles. 524 ...

Aim: To evaluate the visual acuity outcomes with ranibizumab (RBZ) according to baseline ischaemic status in patients with macular oedema secondary to branch or central retinal vein occlusion (BRVO and CRVO) Methods: Analysis of 2 multicenter randomized clinical trials (CRUISE and BRIGHTER) Results: Data of 392 CRVO patients randomized in CRUISE and 455 BRVO patients randomized in BRIGHTER were analysed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured using ETDRS charts at each visit. Presence or absence of retinal ischaemia at baseline was assessed by fluorescein angiography by the central reading centre (CRC). In CRUISE, ischaemia was defined as ,30% total capillary loss in the center subfield by area. In BRIGHTER, ischaemia was defined as present if capillary loss was detected and scored as mild, moderate, severe or complete in at least one location of the center, inner or outer subfields. Baseline visual acuity, and change from baseline were reported according to ischaemic status as a ...

What is visual acuity? Visual acuity is only one in a series of factors that evaluate ones vision.To learn more about visual acuity visit our website for more information. Should you have any questions or concerns please call Stamper Optometry at: 415-824-2374

A prospective phase I, nonrandomized open-label study of retinitis pigmentosa patients with best-corrected ETDRS visual acuity (BCVA) worse than 20/200. Standardized ophthalmic evaluation will be perform at baseline and at weeks 1, 4,12 and 24 (±1) following intravitreal injection of 10 x 106 bone marrow stem cells/ 0,1ml . Three measures will be used to evaluate the short-term safety of intravitreal of ABMDSC: 1) severe visual loss, defined as a drop in 15 letters on ETDRS visual acuity scale; 2) decrease in ERG response; 3) decrease in 5 square degrees on visual field; secondary safety outcomes : 1) increase in intra-ocular inflammation defined herein as anterior chamber cells and flare higher than 3+ for more than 1 month after injection according to a classification described elsewhere ; 2) decrease in CMT more than 50um; 3)genesis of abnormal tissues (teratomas) or tumors; 4) qualitative changes in retinal or choroidal perfusion, like macular nonperfusion. Secondary outcome measures will ...

76 eyes of 38 patients were included in this study. The mean age at surgery was 54 years. The binocular corrected visual acuity averaged -0,1 logMAR for distance vision and +0,06 logMAR for near vision preoperatively. Postoperatively, non corrected binocular visual acuity was -0,1 logMAR for distance vision and +0,36 logMAR for near vision. The spherical equivalent averaged -0,36D on the eye corrected for distance vision. The difference between postoperative binocular uncorrected visual acuity and preoperative binocular best corrected visual acuity was statistically significant for distance vision (p = 0.0072) but not in near vision (p> 0.05). Two eyes requiered retreatment. 33 patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the visual result ...

The study group consists of 8 females and 12 males, with mean age 69.45 ± 10.76 (31-86) years. At 6 months after the surgery the mean spherical equivalent was -0.04 ± 0.12 D in ReZoom implanted eyes and -0.11 ± 0.2 D in Tecnis implanted eyes. The uncorrected distance and intermediate visual acuity levels were significantly better in ReZoom implanted eyes at 6 months after the surgery (p=0.026 and p=0.037,respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in the uncorrected near viasual acuity (p>0.05). At the final visit, the mean binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity was -0.05±0.1 logMAR, the mean binocular uncorrected intemediate visual acuity was 0.1±0.2 logMAR and the mean binocular uncorrected near visual acuity was 0.1±0.1 logMAR. There was no statistically significant difference in contrast sensitivity, reading speed, halos, or glare between the groups ( ...

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TY - JOUR. T1 - Long-term anatomic and visual acuity outcomes after initial anatomic success with macular hole surgery. AU - Scott, Ingrid U.. AU - Moraczewski, Alexei L.. AU - Smiddy, William E.. AU - Flynn, Harry W.. AU - Feuer, William J.. PY - 2003/5/1. Y1 - 2003/5/1. N2 - PURPOSE: To investigate the anatomic and visual outcomes in patients with initial anatomic success after macular hole surgery and with at least 5 years of follow-up. DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. METHODS: Medical records of all patients who underwent surgery for idiopathic full-thickness macular holes by two surgeons (W.E.S., H.W.F.) at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1991, and December 31, 1996, were reviewed. All patients who had initial anatomic success with macular hole surgery and who had 5 years or more of follow-up postoperatively were included in the study. Main outcome measures included the rate of macular hole reopening and visual acuity outcomes. RESULTS: ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Far and near visual acuity with multifocal intraocular lenses in an optomechanical eye model with imaging capability. AU - Gobbi, Pier Giorgio. AU - Fasce, Francesco. AU - Bozza, Stefano. AU - Calori, Giliola. AU - Brancato, Rosario. PY - 2007/6. Y1 - 2007/6. N2 - Purpose: To compare the quantitative and qualitative visual performances of different multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) in an experimental model of the human eye. Setting: University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Methods: Five multifocal IOLs and 1 monofocal IOL were implanted in an optomechanical eye model with imaging capability. The comparative optical characterization of the imaging performance included aberrometry, simulated visual acuity testing at variable contrast for far and near distance, glare tests, and image records of optotype charts. Results: The maximum recorded far visual acuity for the monofocal IOL was between 20/12.5 and 20/16; the multifocal IOLs decreased visual acuity by 1 to 2 lines. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Advanced dry eye screening for visual display terminal workers using functional visual acuity measurement. T2 - The Moriguchi study. AU - Kaido, Minako. AU - Kawashima, Motoko. AU - Yokoi, Norihiko. AU - Fukui, Masaki. AU - Ichihashi, Yoshiyuki. AU - Kato, Hiroaki. AU - Yamatsuji, Motoko. AU - Nishida, Mitsuko. AU - Fukagawa, Kazumi. AU - Kinoshita, Shigeru. AU - Tsubota, Kazuo. PY - 2015/11. Y1 - 2015/11. N2 - Purpose To evaluate the validity of a dry eye (DE) screening method in visual display terminal (VDT) workers using functional visual acuity (VA) measurement combined with a symptoms questionnaire, and to make recommendations regarding practical use of the screening. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study included 369 young and middle-age office workers, who use VDTs. Subjects completed two types of DE questionnaires and underwent DE testing and functional VA measurement. Subjects were assigned to DE and non-DE groups. Sensitivity and specificity of the DE ...

Of 105 eyes with ocular injuries involving retained intraocular foreign bodies, 63 (60%) had a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better; 20 (19%) were 20/50 to 5/200; and 15 (14%) were worse than 5/200. Six eyes (6%) were enucleated. The extent of visual recovery was limited in selected cases by the characteristics of the initial injury. Multivariate analysis was used to identify prognostic factors. Predictive of a good visual outcome (greater than or equal to 20/40) were: (1) initial visual acuity better than 20/40 and (2) the need for only one or two operations in the treatment of the injury. Predictive of a poor visual outcome (less than 5/200) were: (1) initial visual acuity worse than 5/200 and (2) a wound 4 mm or longer in length, independent of wound location. The visual outcome in this series of patients was compared with other large series of intraocular foreign bodies reported before the development of vitreous microsurgical techniques. The percentage of patients with a visual outcome of 20/40

Historical Significance: This item was found tipped into Eduard Jaegers Schrift-skalen (Reading scales) near point reading card 10th edition 1909 (Cat no. 270) along with several other loose items, which remain in the Jaeger booklet. This Snellen chart may have been part of the Jaeger booklet but it is a booklet on reading scales not distance visual acuity charts and there is no indication that the VA chart is related. It may have been tipped in by a previous owner of the Jaeger booklet any time after 1909. The Snellen chart was first devised in 1862 (See Snellen monograph/ Test-types for the determination of the acuteness of vision. Utrecht: P.W. van de Weijer) and the archaic character of this item suggest a date of early 19th C or learly 20th C ...

OBJECTIVE Visual acuity is a poor predictor of the maximum reading speed of patients with central vision loss. This study examines the effects of binocular summation of acuity on the maximum reading speed of these patients. DESIGN Prospective, observational case series. PARTICIPANTS Twenty patients with central vision loss participated. METHODS Maximum reading speed was measured binocularly using the MNREAD acuity charts. Monocular and binocular acuities were measured with the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Binocular summation was evaluated with a binocular ratio (BR) calculated as the ratio between the acuity of the better eye to binocular acuity. Fixation stability and preferred retinal locus (PRL) distance from the former fovea were evaluated with the MP-1 microperimetre. RESULTS Six patients experienced acuity summation (BR | 1.05), 5 experienced acuity inhibition (BR | 0.95), and 9 showed equality (BR = 1 ± 0.05). There were no differences in the mean acuity of

Abstract PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of combined phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) to restore visual acuity in patients with cataract and posterior segment involvement secondary to chronic uveitis. SETTING: Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. METHODS: This study comprised 34 patients (20 women, 14 men; 36 eyes) with posterior segment involvement secondary to chronic uveitis who had combined phacoemulsification and PPV from 1998 to 2002. The main outcome measures were visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and cystoid macular edema. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 45 years +/- 16.09 (SD). The mean duration of uveitis before surgery was 56 +/- 44.17 months. In 24 eyes (66.7%), an intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted during surgery; 12 eyes (33.3%) were left aphakic. Five eyes (13.8%) received an intraocular steroid injection intraoperatively. Visual acuity improved in 26 eyes (72.2%), ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Vitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membranes causing macular pucker. AU - De Bustros, Serge. AU - Thompson, John T.. AU - Michels, Ronald G.. AU - Rice, Thomas A.. AU - Glaser, Bert M.. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. N2 - We used vitreous surgery to remove idiopathic epiretinal membranes from the macular area in 70 consecutive cases. The abnormal tissue was successfully removed in each case. Vision improved postoperatively in 61 eyes (87%), remained unchanged in six eyes (9%), and worsened in three eyes (4%). However, at the time of final examination vision was improved in only 47 eyes (67%), primarily because of the occurrence or progression of nuclear sclerosis, which occurred in 38 of 60 phakic eyes (63%). Four preoperative factors were associated with final visual acuity of 20/60 or better: (1) initial vision of 20/100 or better, (2) shorter preoperative duration of blurred vision, (3) thin epiretinal membrane, and (4) absence of traction retinal detachment.. AB - We used vitreous ...

Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Criteria for Diagnosis of Pathologic Myopia -- 2 Methods of Examining the Posterior Pole of the Fundus -- 2.1 Indirect Binocular Microscopy -- 2.2 Slit Lamp Biomicroscopy -- 2.3 Fundus Photography -- 2.4 Fundus Angiography -- 3 Types of Fundus Changes in the Posterior Pole -- 3.1 Tessellated Fundus and Crescent -- 3.2 Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy (D) -- 3.3 Patchy Chorioretinal Atrophy (P) -- 3.4 Macular Hemorrhage (H) -- 4 Explanatory Factors of Chorioretinal Atrophy -- 4.1 Percentage of Chorioretinal Atrophy in Each Age Group -- 4.2 Percentage of Eyes with Chorioretinal Atrophy in Each Axial Length Group -- 4.3 Percentage of Chorioretinal Atrophy With or Without Posterior Staphyloma -- 5 Visual Acuity and Chorioretinal Atrophy -- 5.1 Distribution of Visual Acuity and Axial Length -- 5.2 Percentage of Diffuse Chorioretinal Atrophy by Visual Acuity -- 5.3 Percentage of Patchy Atrophy by Visual Acuity -- 5.4 Percentage of Eyes with Macular Hemorrhage -- 5.5 Visual ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Functional visual acuity of early presbyopia. AU - Katada, Yusaku. AU - Negishi, Kazuno. AU - Watanabe, Kazuhiro. AU - Shigeno, Yuta. AU - Saiki, Megumi. AU - Torii, Hidemasa. AU - Kaido, Minako. AU - Tsubota, Kazuo. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 Katada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2016/3. Y1 - 2016/3. N2 - Purpose: To evaluate visual function in patients with early presbyopia using the functional visual acuity (FVA) test. Methods: This study included 27 eyes of 27 healthy older volunteers (mean age, 44.1 ± 2.6 years) and 14 eyes of 14 healthy young volunteers (mean age, 28.4±4.8 years). The distance-corrected visual acuity (DCVA), distance-corrected near VA (DCNVA), subjective amplitude of ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The need for cataract surgery. T2 - Projections based on lens opacity, visual acuity, and personal concern. AU - McCarty, Cathy A.. AU - Keeffe, Jill E.. AU - Taylor, Hugh R.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Aim. To assess the projected needs for cataract surgery by lens opacity, visual acuity, and patient concern. Methods. Data were collected as part of the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project, a population based study of age related eye disease in a representative sample of Melbourne residents aged 40 and over. Participants were recruited by a household census and invited to attend a local screening centre. At the study sites, the following data were collected: presenting and best corrected visual acuity, visual fields, intraocular pressure, satisfaction with current vision, personal health history and habits, and a standardised eye examination and photography of the lens and fundus. Lens photographs were graded ...

Both questionnaires showed high reliability across items and validity with respect to clinical markers of eye disease. Future research should compare the properties of these shortened surveys with those of the NEI VFQ-25.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of low visual acuity on neuropsychological test scores. T2 - A simulation study. AU - de Haan, Gera A.. AU - Tucha, Oliver. AU - Heutink, Joost. PY - 2020. Y1 - 2020. N2 - Objective: To systematically examine the effect of low visual acuity (LVA) on a number of commonly used neuropsychological tests.Method: In this study, the influence of LVA on a number of commonly used neuropsychological tests was examined in 238 healthy older adults (aged 50-80) without visual or neurological impairment. LVA was simulated using simulation glasses.Results: It was found that a simulated LVA of ∼0.2 (decimal acuity; Snellen 6/30 or 20/100, LogMAR 0.7) had a negative impact on test performance for the Trail Making Test, Complex Figure of Rey (copy score), and Visual Object and Space Perception battery subtest 3, but not for the Mini Mental State Examination and Balloons test. For some tests, the negative impact of LVA increased with age.Conclusions: These results have important ...

Purpose: To compare the mean difference of visual acuity as measured by auto refraction and subjective refraction.. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.. Place and Duration of Study: Department of ophthalmology, Services hospital Lahore from November 2013 to April 2014.. Material and Methods: Using non-probability consecutive sampling 300 eyes of 300 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were recruited through OPD registration slip. Demographic data including age and gender was recorded. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed. This included measurement of refractive error by auto-refraction as well as subjective refraction. Detailed anterior segment examination with slit lamp and dilated fundus examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed. The collected data was analyzed by using software SPSS version 17.. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.71 ± 7.45 years. There were 156 (52%) males and 144 (48%) females. There were 263 (87.69%) patients who had visual ...

Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the visual system that is caused by abnormal binocular visual experience during early childhood, typically due to anisometropia or strabismus [1]. Amblyopia causes a range of monocular deficits in the affected eye including impaired visual acuity [1], contrast sensitivity [2], motion perception [3, 4] and excessive crowding [5] (see [6] for a recent review). Patients with amblyopia also experience impaired binocular vision. In particular, the fellow eye often suppresses the amblyopic eye when both eyes are open, and stereopsis is commonly impaired or absent [7]. Stronger interocular suppression has been associated with poorer stereopsis and monocular visual acuity in patients [8-11], as well as poorer amblyopic eye contrast sensitivity in animal models of amblyopia [12, 13].. In children, the visual acuity deficit associated with amblyopia can be treated monocularly by optically correcting any significant refractive error and then occluding ...

Before constructing a Visual Acuity Chart, we need to know and decide what kind of chart we want to construct. There are actually different kinds of charts for visual acuity measurement.. [Read more…] about How to Construct a Visual Acuity Chart?. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Brief report: the relationship between visual acuity, the embedded figures test and systemizing in autism spectrum disorders. AU - Brosnan, Mark J. AU - Gwilliam, L R. AU - Walker, Ian. PY - 2012/11/1. Y1 - 2012/11/1. N2 - Enhanced performance upon the Embedded Figures Test (EFT) in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has informed psychological theories of the non-social aspects that characterise ASD. The Extreme Male Brain theory of autism proposes that enhanced visual acuity underpins greater attention to detail (assessed by the EFT) which is a prerequisite for Systemizing. To date, however, no study has empirically examined these relationships. 13 males with ASD and 13 male controls were assessed upon tasks argued to reflect these levels of processing. The ASD group were found to have significantly greater visual acuity, EFT performance and Systemizing ability than the control group. However, regression analysis revealed that the strongest relationship was between ...

Looking for online definition of multifocal electroretinography in the Medical Dictionary? multifocal electroretinography explanation free. What is multifocal electroretinography? Meaning of multifocal electroretinography medical term. What does multifocal electroretinography mean?

PURPOSE: To evaluate photopic and mesopic color discrimination in patients with different types of light-filtering intraocular lenses (IOLs).. SETTING: Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Eye Center, Beijing, China.. METHODS: Cataract patients with different types of IOLs were enrolled 3 months postoperatively. Overall and partial color discrimination under photopic (1000 lux) and mesopic (40 lux) conditions were evaluated with the Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100-hue test. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was tested under both conditions. Subjective visual quality was assessed with the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25).. RESULTS: The study evaluated 43 patients with a blue light filtering IOL (15 photochromic, 13 yellow tinted) or an IOL filtering ultraviolet light only (n = 15). The difference in the FM 100-hue total error scores under photopic or mesopic conditions was not statistically significant between groups. There were no ...

Corrigendum to Perceptual learning improves contrast sensitivity and visual acuity in adults with anisometropic amblyopia [Vis. Res. 46 (2006) 739-750 ...

The goal of this study was to predict visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity function (CSF)with tissue redness grading after pterygium surgery. A total of 67 primary pterygium participants were selected from patients who visited an ophthalmology clinic. We developed a semi-automated computer program to measure the pterygium fibrovascular redness from digital pterygium images. The final outcome of this software is a continuous scale grading of 1 (minimum redness) to 3 (maximum redness). The region of interest (ROI)was selected manually using the software. Reliability was determined by repeat grading of all 67 images, and its association with CSF and VA was examined. The mean and standard deviation of redness of the pterygium fibrovascular images was 1.88 ± 0.55. Intra-grader and inter-grader reliability estimates were high with intraclass correlation ranging from 0.97 to 0.98. The new grading was positively associated with CSF (p , 0.01) and VA (p , 0.01). The redness grading was able to ...

We report a case of POEMS syndrome in a 20-year-old patient diagnosed after visiting an eye clinic with a chief complaint of reduced visual acuity. A male university student aged 20 years was referred to our department complaining of blurred vision in both eyes that had persisted for 1 month. He also noted headache, nausea, and paresthesia in the lower extremities around the same time. The visual acuity of his right and left eye was 20/40 and 20/20, respectively. Optic disc edema and serous retinal detachment were present. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed no intracranial abnormalities, while elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure, reduced nerve conduction velocity in both lower extremities, hepatosplenomegaly, M proteinemia, high blood VEGF levels, osteoblastic and osteolytic changes in the spine, and atypical plasma cells in bone lesions were noted. From the above findings, the patient was diagnosed with POEMS syndrome. He received high-dose dexamethasone, thalidomide, and radiotherapy on ...

Snellen Eye Chart for Visual Acuity and Color Vision Test. Chart uses true Snellen optotypes for acuity vision testing. Buy online.

Purpose: Determine the relationship between the photoreceptor mosaic and visual acuity (VA) in normal observers and blue cone monochromat (BCM) carriers.. Methods: The adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) was used to project an AO-corrected stimulus onto the retina of 9 observers (6 normal; 3 BCM carriers). High contrast photopic letter acuity was measured using a 4AFC tumbling E test at the preferred retinal locus (PRL) and temporal parafovea. Stimuli were presented at 840 or 658 nm with simultaneous photoreceptor imaging at 840 nm.. Results: Cones were well resolved at the PRL for all BCM carriers and two normal observers. BCM carriers had lower cone density and greater cone spacing than normal observers. Voronoi analysis revealed irregular cone packing and cone loss in BCM carriers. Power spectra of mosaic images confirmed irregular packing, with no Yellots ring at test locations of BCM carriers. BCM carriers performed worse in the VA task than normal observers. VA was ...

SAN DIEGO - At week 52 of the Vibrant study, best corrected visual acuity letter score improved in a greater percentage of patients receiving intravitreal aflibercept injection than in patients undergoing laser treatment for branch retinal vein occlusion, according to a speaker here.Peter Campochiaro, MD, delivered updated findings of the study at the American Society of Retina Specialists annual meeting. The Vibrant study included 183 patients with center-involved macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion who were randomly assigned to undergo intravitreal injections with Eylea (aflibercept, Regeneron) or laser (Read more...) Full Story →. ...

First eye cataract surgery significantly reduced patient falls, although major changes in the dioptric power of spectacle correction of the operated eye after surgery increased fall risk, reported Anna Palagyi, PhD, and fellow researchers. Their prospective cohort study included patients who had bilateral cataract, were aged 65 and older, and were on public hospital cataract surgery waiting lists in Australia. Of the 329 patients who were recruited, 66.6% had first eye surgery in the study period. The first eye cataract surgery reduced incident falls by 33%; poorer dominant eye visual acuity was associated with falls during the study timeline. Those who had a larger than ±0.75 spherical equivalent diopter change had a two-fold greater incidence of falls after first eye cataract surgery compared with those with less or no change in lens power. The researchers recommended cautious postop refractive management to maximize the benefit of cataract surgery as a fall prevention measure. The research ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The effect of standardized keratoplasty technique on IOL power calculation for the triple procedure. AU - Mattax, J. B.. AU - McCulley, James P. PY - 1989/5. Y1 - 1989/5. N2 - Abstract Twenty‐one consecutive triple procedures (keratoplasty, cataract extraction, lens implantation) performed by one surgeon using identical suturing technique, donor size, and donor/recipient size disparity were analyzed for visual outcome and refractive error. Ninety‐five percent of all grafts were clear with an average follow‐up of 11.8 months. Of patients with good pre‐operative visual potential, 84% achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity, and the majority of these patients obtained 20/40 acuity within 6 months of surgery. Sixty‐three percent of eyes with 20/40 or better acuity had refractions within ±2 diopters of the predicted post‐operative refraction. The most recent 14 eyes in this series had IOL power calculations performed utilizing the SRK regression formula and 43.00 Ks ...

Patients with cone or cone-rod dystrophy typically present with progressive loss in visual acuity, abnormal colour vision, photophobia and often nystagmus. • The fundus may initially appear normal, but abnormalities can include peripheral hypopigmentation and/or pigment clumping, disc pallor, bulls eye maculopathy or macular atrophy. • Cone system photopic ERGs are reduced and usually delayed in cone dystrophy with additional involvement of rod-dominated scotopic ERGs in cone-rod dystrophy. • Pattern ERGs are usually markedly reduced or undetectable. Leber congenital amaurosis. • Severe visual impairment and roving eye movements or nystagmus from birth or early infancy. • Fundi are typically normal at presentation, but disc pallor, vessel attenuation and pigmentary changes may follow. • The ERG is severely reduced or undetectable from early infancy, indicating severe photoreceptor dysfunction. Rod or S-cone monochromatism. • Poor vision, nystagmus, photophobia and abnormal colour ...

PURPOSE: To determine whether pre and/or postoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation of the fovea is useful in explaining delayed or incomplete visual acuity recovery after successful surgery for shallow macula-off retinal detachments. METHODS: Prospective study of 16 patients (10 female, 6 male; mean age 53+/-4 years) with a spontaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with peripheral breaks and a shallow elevation of the fovea. Patients were examined by OCT preoperatively and at 1, 6, and 10-12 months after surgery. At 1 month after surgery, fluorescein angiography was also performed. Mean follow-up was 11.0+/-1.0 months. RESULTS: Preoperative OCT images could be classified into four categories according to the extent of retinal edema and presence of foveal depression. The extent of retinal edema in the detached macula did not correlate with preoperative or postoperative vision. In 11 cases, OCT images at 1 month after surgery showed a foveal detachment with residual