TY - JOUR. T1 - A human case of encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus (Indiana serotype) infection. AU - Quiroz, E.. AU - Moreno, N.. AU - Peralta, P. H.. AU - Tesh, R. B.. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. N2 - This paper describes a case of severe encephalitis in a 3-year-old Panamanian boy infected with the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. The virus was recovered from the childs throat on the fifth day of illness and a rise in neutralizing antibody titer was demonstrated in paired serum specimens. This is the second report of childhood encephalitis associated with vesicular stomatitis virus infection. These suggest that infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses may cause severe disease. Human infection with vesicular stomatitis viruses is common throughout the tropical Americas.. AB - This paper describes a case of severe encephalitis in a 3-year-old Panamanian boy infected with the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. The virus was recovered from the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Lysis of target cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the presence of tunicamycin by anti-VSV cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AU - Harris, D. T.. AU - Hale, A. H.. AU - Lefrancois, L.. PY - 1981/1/1. Y1 - 1981/1/1. N2 - We have analyzed the requirement for the expression of the major surface glycoprotein (G protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on target cells for recognition and lysis by anti-VSV cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). In addition, we have attempted to determine if the carbohydrate moieties on the G protein are required for recognition and lysis by anti-VSV CTL. When VSV (Orsay) is grown at 30°C in the presence of tunicamycin (TM), glycosylation of G protein is inhibited; however, nonglycosylated G protein is found on the surface of the cell and active virus particles are produced. In contrast, VSV (Orsay) grown at 39°C in the presence of TM produces low titers of virus and the presence of G protein on the surface of cells is not detectable. The ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Safety studies on intravenous administration of oncolytic recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus in purpose-bred beagle dogs. AU - Leblanc, Amy K.. AU - Naik, Shruthi. AU - Galyon, Gina D.. AU - Jenks, Nathan. AU - Steele, Mike. AU - Peng, Kah Whye. AU - Federspiel, Mark J.. AU - Donnell, Robert. AU - Russell, Stephen J.. PY - 2013/12/1. Y1 - 2013/12/1. N2 - VSV-IFNβ-NIS is a novel recombinant oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) with documented efficacy and safety in preclinical murine models of cancer. To facilitate clinical translation of this promising oncolytic therapy in patients with disseminated cancer, we are utilizing a comparative oncology approach to gather data describing the safety and efficacy of systemic VSV-IFNβ-NIS administration in dogs with naturally occurring cancer. In support of this, we executed a dose-escalation study in purpose-bred dogs to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of systemic VSV-hIFNβ-NIS, characterize the adverse event ...

Viruses need us. In order to multiply, viruses have to invade a host cell and copy their genetic information. To do so, viruses encode their own replication machinery or components that subvert the host replication machinery to their advantage.. Ebola virus and rabies virus, two of the most lethal pathogens known to humans, belong to an order of RNA viruses that share a common strategy for copying their genomes inside their hosts. Other relatives include Marburg virus, measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Scientists study VSV, which causes acute disease in livestock but typically does not lead to illness in people, as a model for viruses that are harmful to humans.. Now a team from Harvard Medical School, using electron cryomicroscopy (imaging frozen specimens to reduce damage from electron radiation), has for the first time revealed the structure of a VSV protein at the atomic level. Called polymerase protein L, it is required for viral replication ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein contains a dominant cytoplasmic basolateral sorting signal critically dependent upon a tyrosine. AU - Thomas, DNette C.. AU - Brewer, Colleen B.. AU - Roth, Michael G.. PY - 1993/1/1. Y1 - 1993/1/1. N2 - To investigate the contribution of the cytoplasmic domain of the vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein to its basolateral expression in polarized epithelial cells, chimeric proteins containing the external and transmembrane domains of an apically targeted protein, the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), and either the G cytoplasmic domain or an unrelated cytoplasmic sequence, were introduced into Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Addition of the cytoplasmic tail of G to a truncated HA resulted in delivery of greater than 95% of the chimeric protein to the basolateral cell surface, indicating that the G cytoplasmic domain contains a dominant basolateral sorting signal. A similar chimera, containing the cytoplasmic tail of herpes ...

The cytopathogenicity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been attributed mainly to the host shut-off activity of the viral matrix (M) protein, which inhibits both nuclear transcription and nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport, thereby effectively suppressing the synthesis of type I interferon (IFN). The M protein from persistently VSV-infected cells was shown to harbour characteristic amino acid substitutions (M51R, V221F and S226R) implicated in IFN induction. This study demonstrates that infection of human fibroblasts with recombinant VSV containing the M51R substitution resulted in IFN induction, whereas neither the V221F nor the S226R substitution effected an IFN-inducing phenotype. Only when V221F was combined with S226R were the host shut-off activity of the M protein abolished and IFN induced, independently of M51R. The M33A substitution, previously implicated in VSV cytotoxicity, did not affect host shut-off activity. M-mutant VSV containing all four amino acid substitutions retained cytotoxic

A stable cell line expressing a complementary DNA clone encoding the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein fused and formed polykaryons at pH 5.5. The formation of polykaryons was dependent on the presence of glycoprotein anchored at the cell surface and could be prevented by incubation of cells with a monoclonal antibody to the glycoprotein. Fusion occurred at a pH 0.5 unit lower than that observed for cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus. ...

The particle-bound RNA polymerase activity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be demonstrated in vivo. Linear synthesis of viral RNA persists for 5 to 6 hours at 34°C in infected monolayers of chick embryo cells treated with cycloheximide and actinomycin D to block synthesis of protein and cell-specific RNA. At least 55 percent of the RNA made under these conditions is complementary to virion RNA. RNA synthesis mediated by VSV polymerase activity is inhibited in cells first treated with chick-derived interferon or polyriboinosinate• polyribocytidylate, but not by mouse interferon. The RNA product of VSV polymerase activity is present throughout the cytoplasm, and its synthesis is inhibited by the interferon system, as judged by autoradiographs that show the physical distribution, in cells, of RNA produced by virion polymerase in the absence of translation-a demonstration of the transcription product of the viral genome. ...

Our findings demonstrate an important role for PERK in VSV infection. We show that PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation is induced in VSV-infected cells and that this is accompanied by an inhibition of virus replication and apoptosis. PERK also plays an essential role in UPR (31) and, as such, its activation in VSV infection initially indicated an ability of the virus to elicit a UPR. This was consistent with the notion that viruses that use the ER as an integral part of their replication strategy are likely able to induce an ER stress response (1). In fact, previous studies showed that the VSV glycoprotein (VSV-G) oligomerizes in the ER prior to its transport to the cell surface (41). Misfolded and unassembled VSV-G is retained in the ER (8), whereas the interactions of the viral protein with two chaperones, BiP and calnexin, are essential for efficient folding and for retention of partially folded G protein forms in the ER (12). Thus, an overload of VSV-G in the ER during virus replication ...

The restricted host-cell range and low titer of retroviral vectors limit their use for stable gene transfer in eukaryotic cells. To overcome these limitations, we have produced murine leukemia virus-derived vectors in which the retroviral envelope glycoprotein has been completely replaced by the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus. Such vectors can be concentrated by ultracentrifugation to titers , 10(9) colony-forming units/ml and can infect cells, such as hamster and fish cell lines, that are ordinarily resistant to infection with vectors containing the retroviral envelope protein. The ability to concentrate vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein pseudotyped vectors will facilitate gene therapy model studies and other gene transfer experiments that require direct delivery of vectors in vivo. The availability of these pseudotyped vectors will also facilitate genetic studies in nonmammalian species, including the important zebrafish developmental system, through the efficient ...

In this study, we show that posttranslational folding of Vesicular Stomatitis virus G protein subunits can involve noncovalent, multimeric complexes as transient intermediates. The complexes are heterogeneous in size (4-21S20,W), contain several G glycopolypeptides, and are associated with BiP/GRP78. The newly synthesized, partially intrachain disulfide-bonded G proteins enter these complexes immediately after chain termination, and are released 1-4 min later as fully oxidized, trimerization-competent monomers. These monomers are properly folded, judging by their binding of conformation-specific mAbs. When the G protein is translated in the presence of DTT, it remains reduced, largely unfolded and aggregated in the ER, but it can fold successfully when the DTT is removed. In this case, contrary to normal folding, the aggregates become transiently disulfide cross-linked. We also demonstrated that the fidelity of the folding process is dependent on metabolic energy. Finally, we established that ...

In a previous study we demonstrated that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be used as a vector to express a soluble protein in mammalian cells. Here we have generated VSV recombinants that express four different membrane proteins: the cellular CD4 protein, a CD4-G hybrid protein containing the ectodomain of CD4 and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic tail of the VSV glycoprotein (G), the measles virus hemagglutinin, or the measles virus fusion protein. The proteins were expressed at levels ranging from 23-62% that of VSV G protein and all were transported to the cell surface. In addition we found that all four proteins were incorporated into the membrane envelope of VSV along with the VSV G protein. The levels of incorporation of these proteins varied from 6-31% of that observed for VSV G. These results suggest that many different membrane proteins may be co-incorporated quite efficiently with VSV G protein into budding VSV virus particles and that specific signals are not required for this ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Delayed appearance of pseudotypes between vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus during mixed infection of MDCK cells. AU - Roth, M. G.. AU - Compans, R. W.. PY - 1981/12/1. Y1 - 1981/12/1. N2 - In intact Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) matures only at basolateral membranes beneath tight junctions, whereas influenza virus buds from apical cell surfaces. Early in the growth cycle, the viral glycoproteins are restricted to the membrane domain from which each virus buds. We report here that phenotypic mixing and formation of VSV pseudotypes occurred when influenza virus-infected MDCK cells were superinfected with VSV. Up to 75% of the infectious VSV particles from such experiments were neutralized by antiserum specific for influenza virus, and a smaller proportion (up to 3%) were resistant to neutralization with antiserum specific for VSV. The latter particles, which were neutralized by antiserum to influenza A/WSN virus, ...

Innate immune activation is essential to mount an effective antiviral response and to prime adaptive immunity. Although a crucial role of CD169+ cells during vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infections is increasingly recognized, factors regulating CD169+ cells during viral infections remain unclear. Here we show that tumor necrosis factor is produced by CD11b+ Ly6C+Ly6G+ cells following infection with VSV. The absence of TNF or TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) resulted in reduced numbers of CD169+ cells and in reduced IFN-I production during VSV infection, with a severe disease outcome. Specifically, TNF triggered RelA translocation into the nucleus of CD169+ cells; this translocation was inhibited when paracaspase MALT-1 was absent. Consequently, MALT1 deficiency resulted in reduced VSV replication, defective innate immune activation, and severe disease development. These findings indicate that TNF mediates the maintenance of CD169+ cells and innate and adaptive immune activation during VSV ...

Summary Multiply cloned variants of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were found to generate/amplify defective interfering (DI) particles at a rate greatly exceeding the rates normally observed for wild-type VSV (or for other mutants of VSV). A single undiluted passage of the first clonal pool of this variant virus produced concentrated visible bands of DI particles on sucrose gradients whereas wild-type and other mutant strains of VSV required from three to six or more serial undiluted passages. Since DI particle amplication by wild-type VSV at each undiluted passage can exceed 10000-fold enrichment, these variant virus clones were generating/amplifying DI particles many millions of times more rapidly than were wild-type and other mutant strains of VSV. This rate of generation/amplification is so high that it was not feasible to obtain accurate estimates of the rates of generation (or amplification) of these DI particles.

Vaccines based on live viruses are attractive because they are immunogenic, cost-effective, and can be delivered by multiple routes. However, live virus vaccines also cause reactogenic side effects such as fever, myalgia, and injection site pain that have reduced their acceptance in the clinic. Several recent studies have linked vaccine-induced reactogenic side effects to production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in humans. Our objective was therefore to determine whether IL-1β contributed to pathology after immunization with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vaccine vectors, and if so, to identify strategies by which IL-1β mediated pathology might be reduced without compromising immunogenicity. We found that an rVSV vaccine induced local and systemic production of IL-1β in vivo, and that accumulation of IL-1β correlated with acute pathology after rVSV immunization. rVSV-induced pathology was reduced in mice deficient in the IL-1 receptor Type I, but the IL-1R

Although vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) neurovirulence and pathogenicity in rodents have been well studied, little is known about VSV pathogenicity in non-human primates. To address this question, we measured VSV viremia, shedding, and neurovirulence in macaques. Following intranasal inoculation, …

Oncolytic viruses have gained much attention in recent years, due, not only to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells, but to their potential to stimulate antitumor immune responses directed against the tumor. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-strand RNA virus, is under intense development as an oncolytic virus due to a variety of favorable properties, including its rapid replication kinetics, inherent tumor specificity, and its potential to elicit a broad range of immunomodulatory responses to break immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment. Based on this powerful platform, a multitude of strategies have been applied to further improve the immune-stimulating potential of VSV and synergize these responses with the direct oncolytic effect. These strategies include: 1. modification of endogenous virus genes to stimulate interferon induction; 2. virus-mediated expression of cytokines or immune-stimulatory molecules to enhance anti-tumor immune responses; 3.

Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were raised against a synthetic peptide containing the 15 carboxy-terminal amino acids (497-511) of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G). The polyclonal antibodies (alpha P4) reacted with epitopes distributed along the 15-residue peptide, whereas the m …

The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) was formed to evaluate the safety of live, recombinant viral vaccines incorporating genes from heterologous viral and other microbial pathogens in their genome (so-called chimeric virus vaccines). Many such viral vector vaccines are now at various stages of clinical evaluation. Here, we introduce an attenuated form of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) as a potential chimeric virus vaccine for HIV-1, with implications for use as a vaccine vector for other pathogens. The rVSV/HIV-1 vaccine vector was attenuated by combining two major genome modifications. These modifications acted synergistically to greatly enhance vector attenuation and the resulting rVSV vector demonstrated safety in sensitive mouse and non-human primate neurovirulence models. This vector expressing HIV-1 gag protein has completed evaluation in two Phase I clinical trials. In one trial the rVSV/HIV-1 vector was administered in a ...

Gene therapy - an advanced technique developed to insert or inject therapeutic genes into human cells - has shown some success in treating the disease. In a previous study, Xiao and co-investigators at State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and the Department of Thoracic Oncology Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, had used a gene therapy approach to induce cancer cell death. Their study found that Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Matrix Protein (VSVMP), when inserted into a cancer cell, compromises the cellular skeletal framework, which is made up of structural proteins. Cell death ensued as a consequence. In the current study, the research team further armed with VSVMP gene delivery vessel with Interleukin-12 (IL-12) - a protein known to recruit and switch on the cancer-killing functions of immune cells. The novel drug particles are based on Heparin-polyethyleneimine (HPEI) nanoparticles. To overcome the high toxicity and non-biocompatible nature of PEI, the team used a method to ...

Gene therapy - an advanced technique developed to insert or inject therapeutic genes into human cells - has shown some success in treating the disease. In a previous study, Xiao and co-investigators at State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and the Department of Thoracic Oncology Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, had used a gene therapy approach to induce cancer cell death. Their study found that Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Matrix Protein (VSVMP), when inserted into a cancer cell, compromises the cellular skeletal framework, which is made up of structural proteins. Cell death ensued as a consequence. In the current study, the research team further armed with VSVMP gene delivery vessel with Interleukin-12 (IL-12) - a protein known to recruit and switch on the cancer-killing functions of immune cells. The novel drug particles are based on Heparin-polyethyleneimine (HPEI) nanoparticles. To overcome the high toxicity and non-biocompatible nature of PEI, the team used a method to ...

The effects of formalin on the infectivity and immunogenicity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serotype Indiana were investigated. We found that formalin inactivation of VSV prevents infection of Vero cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as shown by fluorometric cell analysis and inhibition of plaque formation. Inactivated VSV failed to induce significant cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in vivo or after restimulation in vitro. In contrast, the early immunoglobulin M (IgM) response, which is T help independent in the VSV system, was unaltered, suggesting normal antigenicity for and induction of B cells. However, no switch to IgG occurred, demonstrating failure of induction of T help. If cross-reactive T help was provided by previous infection with a second serotype of VSV (New Jersey), the IgG response was almost completely restored, confirming that the absence of IgG was due to lack of T help. A formalin-treated preparation of glycoprotein of VSV led to a delayed but otherwise normal

We have analyzed the distribution of enveloped viral infections in multinucleated L6 muscle cells. A temperature-sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus (mutant VS

Upon infection with many different viruses, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) produce large amounts of type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta). To address why upon vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection pDC, but not conventional myeloid DC (mDC), are induced to produce IFN-alpha, pDC and mDC were differentiated from bone marrow cells (BM-DC). Upon VSV infection BM-pDC produced IFN-alpha, whereas BM-mDC did not. Notably, upon infection with VSV-M2, a VSV variant expressing a M51R mutant matrix (M) protein that showed a reduced sequestration of host cell metabolism, BM-pDC and BM-mDC mounted massive IFN-alpha responses. Both DC subsets showed comparable RNA levels of retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and were able to respond upon triggering with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) analogs. Moreover, upon VSV-M2 infection IFN-alpha production by both DC subsets was largely dependent on viral replication. Interestingly, upon virus infection BM-pDC,

Viruses have been used as transsynaptic tracers, allowing one to map the inputs and outputs of neuronal populations, due to their ability to replicate in neurons and transmit in vivo only across synaptically connected cells

Disease Information. Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease which primarily affects horses, cattle, and swine. The agent that causes vesicular stomatitis, VSV, has a wide host range and can occasionally infect sheep and goats. In affected livestock, VSV causes blister-like lesions to form in the mouth and on the dental pad, tongue, lips, nostrils, hooves, and teats. These blisters swell and break, leaving raw tissue that is so painful that infected animals generally refuse to eat and drink and show signs of lameness. Severe weight loss usually follows, and in dairy cows a severe drop in milk production commonly occurs. Affected dairy cattle can appear to be normal and will continue to eat about half of their feed intake.. ...

Vesicular Stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease that affects horses, and less commonly cattle, pigs, llamas, alpacas, and other livestock. We see periodic outbreaks of Vesicular Stomatitis in our region of the Southwest. VS is a reportable disease, meaning that when a case is suspected by a veterinarian, we are required to involve the United States Department of Agriculture: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA: APHIS).. Reporting is required because VS resembles Foot and Mouth Disease in cattle, which is greatly feared in the livestock industry. When VS is confirmed in the United States, non-affected states and most foreign countries initiate transport embargoes to prevent spread into their territories. Movement of livestock is hindered and affected premises are quarantined. The entire livestock industry is adversely affected. After reporting a potential occurrence of the disease the animals in question must be inspected by USDA:APHIS. Laboratory work is performed to determine ...

Vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease that primarily affects horses and cattle, and occasionally swine, sheep, goats, llamas, and alpacas. The transmission process of VSV is not completely understood, but includes insect vectors such as black flies, sand flies, and biting midges.. The incubation period ranges from 2-8 days. Clinical signs include vesicles, erosions, and sloughing of the skin on the muzzle, tongue, teats, and coronary bands. Often excessive salivation is the first sign of disease, along with a reluctance to eat or drink. Lameness and weight loss may follow.. Humans may become infected when handling affected animals, but this is a rare event. To avoid human exposure, individuals should use personal protective measures when handling affected animals.. Tips for Livestock Owners. ...

Viral vectors have been available in various fields such as medical and biological research or gene therapy applications. Targeting vectors pseudotyped with distinct viral envelope proteins that influence cell tropism and transfection efficiency is a useful tool not only for examining entry mechanisms or cell tropisms but also for vaccine vector development. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an excellent candidate for development as a pseudotype vector. A recombinant VSV lacking its own envelope (G) gene has been used to produce a pseudotype or recombinant VSV possessing the envelope proteins of heterologous viruses. These viruses possess a reporter gene instead of a VSV G gene in their genome, and therefore it is easy to evaluate their infectivity in the study of viral entry, including identification of viral receptors. Furthermore, advantage can be taken of a property of the pseudotype VSV, which is competence for single-round infection, in handling many different viruses that are either difficult

TY - JOUR. T1 - Ribosomal proteins in normal simian cells, sv40-transformed simian cells, and simian cells infected with sv40, adenovirus 5, and vesicular stomatitis virus. AU - Bosselman, Robert A.. AU - Price, Joseph A.. AU - Lee Burns, A.. AU - Kaulenas, Mindaugas S.. AU - Norkin, Leonard C.. PY - 1978/1/1. Y1 - 1978/1/1. N2 - The protein patterns of monosomes and polysomes isolated from the T-22 line of SV40-transformed GMK cells and from uninfected CV-I cells and CV-1 cells infected with SV40, adenovirus 5, or vesicular stomatitis virus were analyzed by two-dimensional PAGE. All gel patterns were similar except for the presence of one additional protein associated with T-22 monosomes.. AB - The protein patterns of monosomes and polysomes isolated from the T-22 line of SV40-transformed GMK cells and from uninfected CV-I cells and CV-1 cells infected with SV40, adenovirus 5, or vesicular stomatitis virus were analyzed by two-dimensional PAGE. All gel patterns were similar except for the ...

Abstract: Cell entry of enveloped viruses requires specialized viral proteins that mediate fusion with the host membrane by substantial structural rearrangements from a metastable pre- to a stable postfusion conformation. This metastability renders the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) fusion glycoprotein B (gB) highly unstable such that it readily converts into the postfusion form, thereby precluding structural elucidation of the pharmacologically relevant prefusion conformation. By identification of conserved sequence signatures and molecular dynamics simulations, we devised a mutation that stabilized this form. Functionally locking gB allowed the structural determination of its membrane-embedded prefusion conformation at sub-nanometer resolution and enabled the unambiguous fit of all ectodomains. The resulting pseudo-atomic model reveals a notable conservation of conformational domain rearrangements during fusion between HSV-1 gB and the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G, despite their ...

The presence of sulphate groups on various saccharide residues of N-linked carbohydrate units has now been observed in a number of glycoproteins. To explore the cell specificity of this post-translational modification, we evaluated sulphate incorporation into virus envelope glycoproteins by a variety of cells, since it is believed that assembly of their N-linked oligosaccharides is to a large extent dependent on the enzymic machinery of the host. Employing the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) envelope glycoprotein (G protein) as a model, we noted that the addition of [35S]sulphate substituents into its complex carbohydrate units occurred in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), Madin-Darby bovine kidney, LLC-PK1 and BHK-21 cell lines but was not detectable in BRL 3A, BW5147.3, Chinese hamster ovary, HepG2, NRK-49F, IEC-18, PtK1 or 3T3 cells. The sulphate groups were exclusively located on C-3 of galactose [Gal(3-SO4)] and/or C-6 of N-acetylglucosamine [GlcNAc(6-SO4)] residues in the ...

Plays a major role in assembly and budding of virion. Condensates the ribonucleocapsid core during virus assembly. Shut off cellular transcription by inhibiting mRNA nuclear export through direct interaction with host RAE1-NUP98 complex. This shutoff presumably inhibits interferon signaling and thus establishment of antiviral state in virus infected cells. Induces cell-rounding, cytoskeleton disorganization and apoptosis in infected cell (By similarity).

Define gonococcal stomatitis. gonococcal stomatitis synonyms, gonococcal stomatitis pronunciation, gonococcal stomatitis translation, English dictionary definition of gonococcal stomatitis. n. Inflammation of the mucous tissue of the mouth. n inflammation of the mouth stomatitic adj n. inflammation of the mouth. Noun 1. stomatitis -...

Host immune response is tightly controlled by negative regulators to avoid excessive immune reactions for homeostasis. Some pathogens may take advantage of host negative regulating system to evade host defense. Our previous report showed that foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 inhibited TNF-α- and SeV-induced type I interferon response via interaction with cellular protein soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (sorcin). Conversely, TNF-α- or SeV-induced type I interferon response increased when sorcin knocked down, leading to inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication. However, the exact role of sorcin in regulation of the immune response is still not clear. Here, we show that mice deficient of sorcin (sorcin−/−) display enhanced ConA-induced hepatitis. Importantly, splenocytes from sorcin−/− mice produced more IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ than that of littermate controls (sorcin+/+) in response to anti-CD3/28 stimulation. Furthermore, our data indicate that sorcin

Protein and RNA synthesis are inhibited when VSV infects certain cells. UV-inactivation analysis of the virus indicates that transcription of two regions of the viral genome are required for efficient inhibition. The larger of the two viral products represents transcription of approximately 1500 nucleotides and may represent the N protein gene, while the smaller product is approximately 40 nucleotides long. The latter product is thought to be encoded at the 3-proximal end of the genome.^ Two viral mutants have been shown to be deficient in the expression of the smaller transcription product and result in less efficient inhibition of both protein and RNA synthesis. Analysis of these mutants and the UV-inactivated wild-type virus have allowed for the establishment of conditions where the effects of either the large or the small transcription product can be observed independent of the other. This will allow for the correlation of a viral product with inhibition, and thereby establish the causative

Early biochemical experiments established that the minimal RNA synthesis machinery of NNS RNA viruses comprises the N encased genomic RNA associated with the viral polymerase, an L-P complex (Emerson and Yu, 1975; Mellon and Emerson, 1978). The atomic structure of N‐RNA complexes from VSV and rabies virus provided evidence that the RNA must somehow be dissociated from N for copying by the polymerase (Albertini et al, 2006; Green et al, 2006). The co‐crystal structure of the PCTD of VSV with the N‐RNA complex led to a model in which P brings L to the RNA template by binding directly between N molecules, and this interaction is perhaps also required to keep L associated with the N‐RNA during copying (Green and Luo, 2009). By now providing the first direct evidence that L can actually use RNA in the absence of the N and P, we have defined the minimal RNA synthesis components as L and RNA. We conclude that while N and P play important roles in viral RNA synthesis they are not essential for ...

To localize the virus, we used a green fluorescent reporter gene coupled to the VSV-G gene in the position of the fifth VSV gene. This would shift the viral L-gene to the sixth position, resulting in attenuated L-protein synthesis and a slight reduction in replication (Dalton and Rose, 2001), an advantage when considering treatment of the brain. Live microscopic imaging of the brain allowed us for the first time to follow the time course with single-cell resolution, from before inoculation to a point when VSV had spread throughout the tumor. In experiments in which we imaged VSV oncolysis through a glass window above the brain using time-lapse confocal laser microscopy, green viral infection of red cortical tumors spread throughout the tumor, mostly by local expansion of the area of infected cells. Blood vessels appeared mostly undamaged even late in tumor infection. Furthermore, vessel cells that stained positive for the endothelial marker von Willebrand factor appeared to be spared from ...

Highly pathogenic viruses with zoonotic potential such as H5N1 influenza viruses, Nipah virus, rabies virus, SARS coronavirus, Lassa fever virus, and Ebola virus require handling in BSL-3/4 containment, which makes diagnosis of and studies on these viruses difficult and expensive. Propagation-incompetent pseudotype viruses represent an elegant solution for this problem. Pseudotype viruses are equipped with the envelope proteins of heterotypic viruses and therefore behave similar to these in terms of cell tropism or antibody-mediated neutralization.. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is known to incorporate foreign viral glycoproteins in a more or less unspecific manner, in particular in the absence of the VSV G glycoprotein. Pseudotype virus can be generated by propagating the glycoprotein-deficient mutant VSVΔG on cells that express the viral envelope protein of interest. The virus particles released are capable of performing a single round of infection, which is mediated by the incorporated ...

Several states including Florida, Kentucky, Illinois, North Carolina, and Oklahoma have enhanced the entry requirements for Texas livestock, including horses, due to the cases of vesicular stomatitis.

The New Mexico Livestock Board has issued a new directive regarding Vesicular Stomatitis (VS), signed by state veterinarian Dr. Dave Fly.. Read the rest of the story New Mexico Horse Breeders Association ...

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Vaccines based on viruses have the ability to provide lifelong protection from disease through induction of robust immunological memory. The Rose laboratory has developed vaccine platforms based on recombinant viruses that can be engineered to express high levels of foreign antigens. One of the major platforms is based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a cattle virus that induces potent immune responses in a wide variety of animal species. The virus has been attenuated so that it no longer causes disease and then engineered to express protective antigens from other viruses or bacteria. Immunization with such vectors protects animals from infection and disease caused by numerous pathogens including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), Ebola virus, and Yersinia pestis, the bacterium that caused the notorious bubonic plagues.. Research projects in the Rose laboratory are focused on further development and testing of the VSV vaccine ...

Plasmid pHEF-VSVG from Dr. Sergey Kasparovs lab contains the insert Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein and is published in Physiol Genomics. 2003 Feb 6. 12(3):221-8. This plasmid is available through Addgene.

The Herpes Stomatitis is also commonly referred to as Stomatitis Herpetic. The condition is a viral infection of the mouth which triggers both inflammation and ulcers. The mouth ulcers are not akin to canker sores that are triggered by a dissimilar virus. What Causes Herpes Stomatitis? Herpes Stomatitis is a transmissible virus disease that is […]. ...

Nicotinic stomatitis is not considered a pre cancerous condition, however there are exceptions to every rule. The image above shows nicotinic stomatitis in an elderly man who has been smoking a pipe for many years. He does not have teeth, nor does he have a denture to protect his palate. The thick, white keratinization on the edentulous (toothless) ridges are probably at least partly due to years of chewing on bare gums, made worse by the pipe smoke which was probably habitually aimed more at this area of the mouth than others. The irregular red and white lesion proved to be squamous cell carcinoma. While nicotinic stomatitis is not considered to be pre cancerous, leukoplakia definitely is! (See the images below.) Both leukoplakia and nicotinic stomatitis are composed of keratinized tissue, and the difference in carcinogenicity may, in fact, be due mostly to the differences in the resistances of the tissues on which they are found. Perhaps very long exposure of the palatal tissues to hot, ...

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic agent in the family Paramyxoviridae that is maintained in nature by bats. Outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, Singapore, India, and Bangladesh and have been associated with 40 to 75% case fatality rates. There are currently no vaccines or postexposure treatments licensed for combating human NiV infection. Four groups of ferrets received a single vaccination with different recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus vectors expressing: Group 1, control with no glycoprotein; Group 2, the NiV fusion protein (F); Group 3, the NiV attachment protein (G); and Group 4, a combination of the NiV F and G proteins. Animals were challenged intranasally with NiV 28 days after vaccination. Control ferrets in Group 1 showed characteristic clinical signs of NiV disease including respiratory distress, neurological disorders, viral load in blood and tissues, and gross lesions and antigen in target tissues; all animals in this group succumbed to infection by day 8. Importantly

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototype of the Rhabdoviridae family, contains a single surface glycoprotein (G) that is responsible for attachment to cells and mediates membrane fusion. Working with the Indiana serotype of VSV, we employed a reverse genetic approach to produce fully authentic recombinant viral particles bearing lethal mutations in the G gene. By altering the hydrophobicity of the two fusion loops within G, we produced a panel of mutants, W72A, Y73A, Y116A, and A117F, that were nonfusogenic. Propagation of viruses bearing those lethal mutations in G completely depended on complementation by expression of the glycoprotein from the heterologous New Jersey serotype of VSV. The nonfusogenic G proteins oligomerize and are transported normally to the cell surface but fail to mediate acid pH-triggered membrane fusion. The nonfusogenic G proteins also interfered with the ability of wild-type G to mediate fusion, either by formation of mixed trimers or by inhibition of trimer ...

Vesicular stomatitis virus of the New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ) causes vesicular disease in cattle, pigs, and horses throughout the Americas. Vesicular disease is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Therefore, outbreaks of vesicular disease in FMD-free areas must be rapidly diagnosed by laboratory methods and affected farms must be quarantined until laboratory results confirm the absence of FMD. Diagnosis is currently performed in high-containment (biosafety level 3) laboratories by using complement fixation and virus isolation in tissue culture. We describe here an alternative method for the detection of VSV-NJ RNA in clinical samples. This method includes a rapid acid guanidine-phenol RNA extraction procedure coupled with a one-tube polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using reverse transcriptase. By using this test, we were able to detect the largest number of positive samples (53 of 58), followed by complement (48 of 58) and isolation in tissue culture (43 of 58). The ...

A full-length cDNA copy of the phosphoprotein (NS) mRNA of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) was inserted into pGEM4 vector downstream of the promoter for bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymerase. Transcription of the cDNA in vitro resulted in the synthesis of NS mRNA, which was subsequently translated into NS protein in a cell-free rabbit reticulocyte system. The biological activity of the expressed NS protein was demonstrated by in vitro synthesis of mRNA by transcription-reconstitution with purified viral L protein and N-RNA template. Deletion mapping of the NS gene defined a specific domain between amino acid residues 213 and 247, which was essential for in vitro transcription. Removal of the COOH-terminal 21 amino acids, on the other hand, did not have a significant effect on transcription. This domain appears to be involved in efficient binding of NS protein to the N protein-RNA template. ...

VSIV is an arbovirus. Natural VSIV infections encompass two steps, cytolytic infections of mammalian hosts and transmission by insects. In insects, infections are noncytolytic persistent. One confirmed vector of the virus is the phlebotomine sand fly Lutzomyia shannoni.[3] Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) is the prototypic member of the genus Vesiculovirus of the family Rhabdoviridae. The genome of the virus is a single molecule of negative-sense RNA that encodes five major proteins: G protein (G), large protein (L), phosphoprotein, matrix protein (M) and nucleoprotein. The genome is 11,161 nucleotides long.[4] The VSIV G protein enables viral entry. It mediates viral attachment to an LDL receptor (LDLR) or an LDLR family member present on the host cell.[5] Following binding the VSIV-LDLR complex is rapidly endocytosed It then mediates fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membrane. VSIV enters the cell through partially clathrin-coated vesicles; virus-containing vesicles ...

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00499-19 Interpretive Summary: Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is caused by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), an infectious agent belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family and the genus vesiculovirus, where vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV) and VSNJV are the two main serotypes. The negative sense, single stranded RNA genome of VSV is about 11 kb, and encodes five structural proteins: nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and polymerase (L). VS is confined to the Americas, where VSNJV is the serotype responsible for the majority of the clinical cases reported annually in livestock. In Mexico, VSV is endemic in the southern states of Chiapas, Tabasco and Veracruz, where multiple phylogenetic analysis have shown the great genetic diversity associated with the concurrent circulation of multiple lineages. A relevant aspect of these endemic lineages is that some of them may become the precursors of the epidemic lineages responsible ...

0025] In certain other embodiments, the VSV vector of the immunogenic composition comprises a G.sub.(ct) mutation and a M.sub.(ncp) mutation. In another embodiment, the G protein encoded by the truncated G gene has a cytoplasmic tail domain consisting of one amino acid (G.sub.(ct-1)) or a cytoplasmic tail domain consisting of nine amino acids (G.sub.(ct-9)). In another embodiment, the M.sub.(ncp) mutation is a mutation of methionine to alanine at position 33 (M33A) and a mutation of methionine to alanine at position 51 (M51A) of the M protein. In one particular embodiment, the immunogenic composition comprises a mutated VSV genome of 3-NPM.sub.(ncp)G.sub.(ct-1)L-5 or 3-NPM.sub.(ncp)G.sub.(ct-9)L-5. In yet other embodiments, the VSV vector of the immunogenic composition further comprises a third class of mutation in its genome, wherein the mutation is a ts mutation, a point mutation, a gene shuffling mutation, a G-stem mutation, an ambisense RNA mutation, a G gene insertion mutation and a ...

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Restitution of infectivity to spikeless vesicular stomatitis virus by solubilized viral components.: Noninfectious spikeless particles have been obtained from v

TY - JOUR. T1 - Overlapping and distinct molecular determinants dictating the antiviral activities of TRIM56 against flaviviruses and coronavirus. AU - Liu, Baoming. AU - Li, Nan L.. AU - Wang, Jie. AU - Shi, Pei Yong. AU - Wang, Tianyi. AU - Miller, Mark A.. AU - Li, Kui. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - The tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins have emerged as a new class of host antiviral restriction factors, with several demonstrating roles in regulating innate antiviral responses. Of,70 known TRIMs, TRIM56 inhibits replication of bovine viral diarrhea virus, a ruminant pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae, but has no appreciable effect on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a rhabdovirus. Yet the antiviral spectrum of TRIM56 remains undefined. In particular, how TRIM56 impacts human-pathogenic viruses is unknown. Also unclear are the molecular determinants governing the antiviral activities of TRIM56. Herein, we show that TRIM56 poses a barrier to infections by yellow fever virus (YFV), ...

Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: The biting midge Culicoides sonorensis, a known arboviral insect vector, has been implicated as a possible vector for vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the western United States. Within a competent insect vector, virus from a meal must be able to penetrate the midgut barrier, infect the midgut epithelium, replicate, and disseminate to the epidemiologically significant organs; salivary glands and eggs. This amplification and dissemination must occur without significant damage to the insects cells. Infection studies were performed in both Culicoides cell lines and insects to examine the replication of VSV. In vitro, Culicoides cells were susceptible and permissive. VSV infections were productive and persistent resulting in little or no cytopathology or apoptosis. In vivo, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and electron microscopy revealed that VSV was able to escape the midgut barrier, disseminate quickly and replicate in epithelial, neural and hemolymph ...

We previously reported that resting mouse peritoneal macrophages (PM) constitutively express low levels of IFN-gamma, whose production is consistently enhanced by exogenous IFN-gamma. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-12 on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus and on IFN-gamma gene expression in mouse PM. The addition of IL-12 to freshly explanted PM resulted in the persistence of an antiviral state to vesicular stomatitis virus, while control PM progressively became permissive for virus replication after 3 to 4 days in culture. The IL-12-induced antiviral state was inhibited by Abs to IFN-gamma, suggesting that endogenous IFN-gamma was largely responsible for this antiviral response. Moreover, IL-12 induced a consistent secretion of IFN-gamma, especially in cultured PM. The IL-1 2-induced antiviral state and IFN-gamma production were observed using PM from various strains of mice, including LPS-defective C3H/HeJ, NK-deficient bg/bg, DBA/2, Swiss (CD1), and Swiss nude ...

In our laboratory we routinely produce and apply vectors derived from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Since lentiviral vectors (LV) integrate stably into the host-cell genome of non-dividing cells such as neurons and in haematopoietic stem cells [1-3], they offer great potential for gene therapeutic applications [4]. For biosafety reasons, the HIV-1 genome has been modified and cis and trans-acting viral sequences have been segregated over 3 to 4 different plasmids [5, 6]. Indeed, viral structural and functional proteins can be provided in trans and are encoded by 1 or 2 packaging plasmids while the envelope plasmid encodes the glycoprotein of the vesicular stomatitis virus envelope (VSV-G) and a transfer plasmid encodes the transgene of interest flanked by all cis-acting viral sequences necessary for packaging of the RNA genome (reviewed by [7]). Production of lentiviral vectors is routinely achieved by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney (293T) cells using high ...

Wyoming is now the fifth state to have a horse that has tested positive for vesicular stomatitis. The Wyoming Livestock Board says the affected horse was at the Cheyenne Frontier Days for five-days before the horses lesions were found.

Dairies need to keep a close eye out for vesicular stomatitis, and take action immediately to protect their herds - and Morgan County has quite a few dairies.

Dr. Rose earned his Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1973 in the laboratory of Dr. Charles Yanofsky. His thesis research focused on regulation of the tryptophan operon of E. coli. He then did postdoctoral research at MIT in the laboratories of Drs. David Baltimore and Harvey Lodish, where he began work on eucaryotic RNA viruses. In 1978, Dr. Rose took a faculty position at the Salk Institute, where he continued work on RNA virus transcription, as well as structure, function, and transport of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein. In 1986, he moved to become Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology at Yale University School of Medicine. In 1994, his laboratory developed a system for recovering non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses from DNA plasmids. His work at Yale during the past fifteen years has focused largely on new approaches to vaccine development using vectors based on recombinant VSV and other viral replicons. This work has led to development of robust vaccine platforms ...

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a potential oncolytic virus for treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor. Matrix (M) protein mutants of VSV have shown greater selectivity for killing GBM cells versus normal brain cells than VSV with wild-type M protein. The goal of this research was to determine the contribution of death receptor and mitochondrial pathways to apoptosis induced by an M protein mutant (M51R) VSV in U87 human GBM tumor cells. Compared to controls, U87 cells expressing a dominant negative form of Fas (dnFas) or overexpressing Bcl-XL had reduced caspase-3 activation following infection with M51R VSV, indicating that both the death receptor pathway and mitochondrial pathways are important for M51R VSV-induced apoptosis. Death receptor signaling has been classified as type I or type II, depending on whether signaling is independent (type I) or dependent on the mitochondrial pathway (type II). Bcl-XL overexpression inhibited caspase activation in response to ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Myosin II is involved in the production of constitutive transport vesicles from the TGN. AU - Müsch, Anne. AU - Cohen, David. AU - Rodriguez-Boulan, Enrique. PY - 1997/7/28. Y1 - 1997/7/28. N2 - The participation of nonmuscle myosins in the transport of organelles and vesicular carriers along actin filaments has been documented. In contrast, there is no evidence for the involvement of myosins in the production of vesicles involved in membrane traffic. Here we show that the putative TGN coat protein p200 (Narula, N., I. McMorrow, G. Plopper, J. Doherty, K.S. Matlin, B. Burke, and J.L. Stow. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 114: 1113- 1124) is myosin II. The recruitment of myosin II to Golgi membranes is dependent on actin and is regulated by G proteins. Using an assay that studies the release of transport vesicles from the TGN in vitro we provide functional evidence that p200/myosin is involved in the assembly of basolateral transport vesicles carrying vesicular stomatitis virus G protein ...

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), which is frequently resistant to current available therapies and has a very poor prognosis. To prevent the development of ATL among carriers it is important to control HTLV-1-infected cells in infected individuals. Therefore, the establishment of novel therapies with drugs specifically targeting infected cells is urgently required. This study aimed to develop a potential therapy by generating recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rVSVs) that lack an envelope glycoprotein G and instead encode HTLV-1 receptor(s) with human glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), neuropilin 1 (NRP1), or heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) including syndecan 1 (SDC1), designated as VSVΔG-GL, VSVΔG-NP, or VSVΔG-SD, respectively ...

Cat stomatitis is a serious, excruciating aggravation of a felines mouth as well as the gums. Much of the time, the problem causes ulcers to structure inside the mouth; these ulcers can include in the throat, lips, gums, and the tongue. Cats or Felines of every age group or type could be influenced. Theres no single reason for cat stomatitis. Dental ailment (especially periodontal infection) is regularly involved as a reason for Feline Stomatitis. Periodontal malady results from the aggregation of plaque, microbes on teeth, which leads to irritation as well as inflammation including the gums and dental help components.. In most of the scenarios, The reason is believed to be defensive structure, a defense mechanism strikes its own dental cells to create a virus abnormally. Also, there are many causes for stomatitis in cats, which needs to be examined.. Symptoms: Stomatitis in cats is really an extremely painful condition. If you notice your cat with the pain or if she cant open her mouth then ...

Definition of feline ulcerative stomatitis in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is feline ulcerative stomatitis? Meaning of feline ulcerative stomatitis as a legal term. What does feline ulcerative stomatitis mean in law?

Induction of B cell tolerance or activation was analyzed with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) glycoprotein (G) expressed as a neo-self Ag. A membrane form of VSV-G expressed in all tissues, including the bone marrow, induced unresponsiveness at both the Th and B cell level, whereas a soluble form of VSV-G expressed peripherally in liver and kidney did not tolerize B cells and only reversibly anergized Th cells. Interestingly, a similar correlation was found for activation of mature lymphocytes. When mature normal spleen cells were transferred into the two transgenic mouse lines, the membrane form of VSV-G was strongly immunogenic for both Th and B cells, and high VSV-G-specific IgG Ab titers were induced in these transgenic mice. In contrast, spleen cells transferred into mice expressing the soluble form of VSV-G were not activated, and no VSV-G specific Abs were induced. These results indicate that highly immunogenic Ags are strongly tolerogenic for both immature B and T cells.

Since the onset of antiviral therapy, viral resistance has compromised the clinical value of small-molecule drugs targeting pathogen components. As intracellular parasites, viruses complete their life cycle by hijacking a multitude of host-factors. Aiming at the latter rather than the pathogen directly, host-directed antiviral therapy has emerged as a concept to counteract evolution of viral resistance and develop broad-spectrum drug classes. This approach is propelled by bioinformatics analysis of genome-wide screens that greatly enhance insights into the complex network of host-pathogen interactions and generate a shortlist of potential gene targets from a multitude of candidates, thus setting the stage for a new era of rational identification of drug targets for host-directed antiviral therapies. With particular emphasis on human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus, two major human pathogens, we review screens employed to elucidate host-pathogen interactions and discuss the state of database

If you look up the words vesicular and stomatitis on Google, youll find vesicular means blister. Stomatitis is an inflammation of the mouth.

The oncolytic mutant vesicular stomatitis virus VSVΔ51 achieves robust efficacy in multiple extracranial tumor models. Yet for malignancies of the brain, direct intratumoral infusion of VSVΔ51 causes lethal virus-induced neuropathology. Here, we have developed a novel therapeutic regime that uses peripheral immunization with a single sub-lethal dose of VSVΔ51 to establish an acute anti-viral state that enables the safe intracranial (IC) infusion of an otherwise lethal dose of VSVΔ51 within just 6 hr. Although type I interferons alone appeared insufficient to explain this protective phenotype, serum isolated at early time points from primed animals conferred protection against an IC dose of virus ...

Since the development of vaccinia virus as a vaccine vector in 1984, the utility of numerous viruses in vaccination strategies has been explored. In recent years, key improvements to existing vectors such as those based on adenovirus have led to significant improvements in immunogenicity and efficacy. Furthermore, exciting new vectors that exploit viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) have emerged. Herein, we summarize these recent developments in viral vector technologies, focusing on novel vectors based on CMV, VSV, measles and modified adenovirus. We discuss the potential utility of these exciting approaches in eliciting protection against infectious diseases ...

Type I interferons (IFN-I) are essential for organisms survival upon viral infection. During infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by neurotropic viruses, resident cells are mostly responsible for local IFN-I production. This IFN-I is crucial to restrict viral replication and spread awaiting the development of adaptive immunity that allows the clearance of the virus. Virtually all CNS cells can produce and respond to IFN-I. Firstly, we studied the specificity of neuronal response to IFN-I. In our laboratory, Sophie Paul had previously observed that mouse neurons treated with IFN-I remain susceptible to infection by two neurotropic viruses, Theilers virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), unlike other cell types. We demonstrated that neurons readily respond to IFN-I treatment by expressing antiviral genes. However, they display a specific gene expression signature. We determined that 15 genes, induced by IN-I in fibroblasts, are weakly or not expressed in neurons in response to ...

Provided by the Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, May 21, 2015 - As of May 13, Oklahoma issued emergency import requirements for livestock (equine, bovine, porcine, caprine, ovine or cervidae) entering the state from a county where vesicular stomatitis has been diagnosed within the last 30 days or a county that contains a premise quarantined for vesicular stomatitis shall be accompanied by a Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (CVI) dated within five days of entry containing the following statement ...

The number of participants with all grades of stomatitis was defined as the number of participants who had stomatitis grade 1 or higher. Grade 1 = minimal symptoms, normal diet; grade 2 = symptomatic, but able to swallow a modified diet; grade 3 = symptomatic and unable to aliment or hydrate orally; and grade 4 = symptoms associated with life-threatening consequences ...

1. CASE REPORT - Two cases of stomatitis related to fluoxetine intake in the treatment of depression are reported. A 24-year-old woman had been taking fluoxetine for 6 months and experienced six recurrent episodes of stomatitis without complete remission between outbreaks. When fluoxetine was discontinued the stomatitis resolved completely. A rechallenge with fluoxetine 7 months later caused the stomatitis to recur. A second case was reported in a 41-year-old female taking fluoxetine and bentazepam. After both drugs were discontinued the stomatitis resolved in two days. She refused rechallenge with fluoxetine (Palop et al, 1997 ...

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Study protocol for efficacy and safety of steroid-containing mouthwash to prevent chemotherapy-induced stomatitis in women with breast cancer: a multicentre, open-label, randomised phase 2 study ...

Everolimus-induced stomatitis did not negatively affect progression-free survival in patients with various types of cancer, such as breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma.

Stomatitis in cats is common and very painful. The symptoms are subtle. Soxs treatment made a wonderful difference. Visit the site or call 1300 838 336

A virus striking horses ill in Colorado has been found in 11 counties, including Larimer County, the hardest hit area with 70 confirmed cases of vesicular stomatitis.

Reto Guler from the Division of Immunology & International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnolog at the IDM, UCT will present the MCB seminar with a talk entitled, Host-directed drug therapy for tuberculosis. ...

TB stays a major reason for impairment and fatality worldwide as an approximated 8.6 million folks fell ill with TB as well as 1.3 million individuals pass

The preliminary stages of the Indiana State Cup, Presidents Cup and Challenge Cup were held at various locations at the weekend and featured delight and heartbreak in varying measures for Southern Indiana sides.Performance of the weekend came courtesy of Southern Indiana United U17 Renegade, who went through its Challenge Cup preliminary bracket with a 100…

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STATS Indiana is the statistical data utility for the State of Indiana, developed and maintained since 1985 by the Indiana Business Research Center at Indiana Universitys Kelley School of Business. Support is or has been provided by the State of Indiana and the Lilly Endowment, the Indiana Department of Workforce Development and Indiana University.. ...

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