TY - JOUR. T1 - Coordinate expression of vesicular acetylcholine transporter and choline acetyltransferase in sympathetic superior cervical neurones. AU - Misawa, Hidemi. AU - Takahashi, R.. AU - Deguchi, T.. PY - 1995. Y1 - 1995. N2 - The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and transported into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Recently it has been reported that the entire coding region of VAChT mRNA is located in the first intron of the ChAT gene. In this study, ChAT and VAChT mRNAs were analysed in cultured sympathetic neurones. Cholinergic differentiation factor/leukaemia inhibitory factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor induced strong expression of ChAT and VAChT mRNAs in parallel. RT-PCR analysis of ChAT mRNAs revealed that five types of ChAT transcripts which differed in the 5 non coding regions were increased. RT-PCR analysis of VAChT mRNA indicated that the cytokines induced only VAChT mRNA species which ...
Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporter羊多克隆抗体可与大鼠, 豚鼠样本反应并经WB, IHC实验严格验证,被1篇文献引用。所有产品均提供质保服务,中国75%以上现货。
Generation of mutant mice. Although the genomic structure of mouse Chat has not been described, it is known that in rats and humans, ChAT is encoded by a large gene that includes 14 coding exons in the 3′ region that are used in all transcripts. In contrast, the 5′ region of the gene is complicated, with alternative splicing, multiple transcription and translation start sites, and the gene encoding the vesicular ACh transporter embedded in the first intron (Hahn et al., 1992; Ohno et al., 2001). To avoid this 5′ region, the catalytic portion of the protein was targeted for deletion. Site-directed mutagenesis of Drosophila ChAT has shown that conserved histidines (H302 and H335 in mice) are critical for enzymatic activity (Carbini and Hersh, 1993). Point mutations in this same region of the human gene reduce protein expression and lower the efficiency of ACh synthesis (Ohno et al., 2001). We found the genomic structure of this region of mouse Chat to be homologous to those described for rat ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Neurokinin 1 receptor distribution in cholinergic neurons and targets of substance P terminals in the rat nucleus accumbens. AU - Pickel, Virginia M.. AU - Douglas, Jennifer. AU - Chan, June. AU - Gamp, Patrick D.. AU - Bunnett, Nigel W.. PY - 2000/7/31. Y1 - 2000/7/31. N2 - Substance P (SP) is the major endogenous ligand for neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors and, together with acetylcholine, has an important role in motivated behaviors involving the limbic shell and motor core of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). To determine the functional sites for SP activation of NK-1 receptors and potential interactions with cholinergic neurons in these regions, the authors examined the electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization either of antisera against the NK1 receptor or of the NK1 receptor and either 1) SP or 2) the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAchT) in rat NAc. In both the NAc shell and core, NK1 receptor labeling was localized mainly to somatic and dendritic plasma membranes ...
Background: Pannexin-2 (Panx2) is a member of the novel group of membrane spanning protein channels present in the central nervous system. Limited studies have examined Panx2 in the intestine, where it may have important physiological roles. The present study characterized Panx2 expression and localization in the human colon in health and disease states. Methods:|br|Immunofluorescence determined Panx2 localization and co-localization, and quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot determined gene and protein expression in ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohns disease (CD), and control human colon. Key Results: Panx2 was widely expressed in myenteric and submucosal ganglia, particularly in the cytoplasm of neurons. Panx2 was also expressed on smooth muscle of the muscularis and blood vessels, some non-lymphoid leukocytes, mast cells, and mucosal epithelial cells. Co-localization of Panx2 occurred with β-tubulin, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, substance P, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and calcitonin
Within the cortex, nerve growth factor (NGF) mediates the innervation of cholinergic neurons during development, maintains cholinergic corticopetal projections during adulthood and modulates cholinergic function through phenotypic control of the cholinergic gene locus. Recent studies suggest NGF may also play an important role in cortical plasticity in adulthood. Previously, NGF-producing cells have been shown to colocalize with GABAergic cell markers within the hippocampus, striatum, and basal forebrain. Classification of cells producing NGF in the cortex is lacking, however, and cholinergic corticopetal projections have been shown to innervate both pyramidal and GABAergic neurons in the cortex. In order to clarify potential trophic interactions between cortical neurons and cholinergic projections, we used double-fluorescent immunohistochemistry to classify NGF-expressing cells in several cortical regions, including the prefrontal cortex, primary motor cortex, parietal cortex and temporal cortex. Our
Supplementary MaterialsS1 Fig: LCI data from a single dividing L cell pair. time (C) are not statistically significant, indicating no effect. Error bars show +.- s.e.m.(TIF) pone.0115726.s003.tif (637K) GUID:?38DA3120-A4FA-4688-8D44-7DC54EF085F0 S4 Fig: Cell tracking results from drug treatment experiments. (A) number of tracked divisions per hour of observation at each imaging location for each condition studied. … Read more Supplementary MaterialsS1 Fig: LCI data from a single dividing L cell pair. Read More ...
Here we report an extensive characterization of the BAC transgenic ChAT-ChR2-EYFP mouse line and reveal two major findings. First, there are several extra copies of the VAChT gene in this mouse line, which led to increased levels of functional transporter, increased release of ACh, and improvement of physical endurance. Second, it seems that this chronic increase in cholinergic tone is deleterious in the CNS, disrupting several distinct cognitive domains. Interestingly, increase in VAChT mRNA expression was approximately fourfold higher than increase in protein expression. This result suggests the existence of translational or posttranslational mechanisms limiting the availability of the VAChT protein in cholinergic neurons.. Vesicular storage of ACh is a required step for ACh release (de Castro et al., 2009b), and decreased VAChT expression leads to motor and cognitive dysfunctions (Prado et al., 2006; Martyn et al., 2012). Specifically, reduction of VAChT levels affects grip strength and ...
rs1948 showed nominally significant transmission bias; haploview analyses showed nominally significant transmission bias of rs1948-rs7178270-rs1316971-rs11633223; no evidence of interaction among these 19 cholinergic genes by FITF analysis and FDR correction was ...
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Suppressed parasympathetic function is often present in cardiovascular diseases ageing obesity and various other health conditions. and metabolic disorder in mice. These obese mice exhibited an attenuated response in heart rate to vagal activation indicating impairment of peripheral parasympathetic activity in the heart. In cholinergic function-related proteins in the atria protein levels of choline transporter and vesicular acetylcholine transporter werent reduced but elevated and type 2 muscarinic receptors demonstrated a Telmisartan development toward a decrease in HFD mice atria in comparison with regular diet plan (RD) mice handles. While the proteins degree of acetylcholinesterase had not been different butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) proteins level demonstrated a twofold upsurge in HFD mice atria in comparison with RD mice. Functionally inhibition of BChE activity partly and considerably improved the attenuated response in heartrate to vagal arousal in HFD mice. Collectively these data ...
One of the largest movements of biomass on Earth is the vertical migration of marine plankton, which swim toward the light. Jékely et al. investigated the mechanism by which phototaxis is achieved by the zooplanktonic larvae of the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii and found a direct sensory-motor coupling between the eyespot and the locomotor cilia. The two-cell eyespot of this marine invertebrate is one of the simplest animal eyes and consists of a photoreceptor cell and a pigmented cell that shades the photoreceptor, defining its view angle. Jékely et al. found that the eyespots of P. dumerilii were independently functional and that most larvae phototaxed after ablation of one eyespot. Electron microscopy revealed that the photoreceptor cell extended an axon that joins the nerve ring and forms synapses with the steering cilia. The photoreceptor expressed VAChT, encoding the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, suggesting that it was a cholinergic neuron, and nicotinic acetylcholine ...
Choline Transporter Inhibitor II, ML352 - Calbiochem A moderately brain permeant, non-choline based highly selective and potent inhibitor of high-affinity choline transporter (CHT; Ki = 92 nM in hCHT-LV-AA transfected HEK293 cells). - Find MSDS or SDS, a COA, data sheets and more information.
Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) functions as an extracellular signaling molecule that is co-stored and co-released with neurotransmitters at central and peripheral neuronal synapses. Stimulation by ATP up-regulates the expression of synaptic genes in muscle - including the genes for nicotine acetylcholine receptor (α-, δ- and ϵ-subunits) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) - via the P2Y receptor (P2YR), but the trophic response of neurons to the activation of P2YRs is less well understood. We reported that cultured cortical neurons and the developing rat brain expressed different types of P2YRs, and among these the UTP-sensitive P2Y2R was the most abundant. P2Y2R was found to exist in membrane rafts and it co-localized with the post-synaptic protein PSD-95 in cortical neurons. Notably, agonist-dependent stimulation of P2Y2R elevated the neuronal expression of cholinergic genes encoding AChE, PRiMA (an anchor for the globular form AChE) and choline acetyltransferase, and this induction was ...
In 2002 a draft sequence of the mouse genome was published and the NIH described this as the genetic blueprint for the most important animal model in bi...
BioAssay record AID 51967 submitted by ChEMBL: Compound was tested in vitro for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity (maximal ChAT stimulation) in embryonic rat spinal cord cultures at a concentration of 10 uM.
Chicken polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant Human CHAT. A KLH-conjugated synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of CHAT gene product shared between the human (P_066264, NCBI) and mouse (Q03059, NCBI) sequences. (PAB29065) - Products - Abnova
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TY - JOUR. T1 - Synthesis and biodistribution of new radiolabeled high-affinity choline transporter inhibitors [11C]hemicholinium-3 and [18F]hemicholinium-3. AU - Zheng, Qi Huang. AU - Gao, Mingzhang. AU - Mock, Bruce H.. AU - Wang, Shuyan. AU - Hara, Toshihiko. AU - Nazih, Rachid. AU - Miller, Michael A.. AU - Receveur, Tim J.. AU - Lopshire, John C.. AU - Groh, William J.. AU - Zipes, Douglas P.. AU - Hutchins, Gary D.. AU - DeGrado, Timothy R.. PY - 2007/4/15. Y1 - 2007/4/15. N2 - The high-affinity choline transporter (CHT1) system is an attractive target for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers to probe brain, cardiac, and cancer diseases. An efficient and convenient synthesis of new radiolabeled CHT1 inhibitors [11C]hemicholinium-3 and [18F]hemicholinium-3 by solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique using a cation-exchange CM Sep-Pak cartridge has been well developed. The preliminary evaluation of both tracers through biodistribution studies in 9L-glioma rats has ...
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in the central (and also peripheral, autonomic and enteric) nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, ACh facilitates many functions, such as learning, memory, attention and motor control. When released in the synaptic cleft, ACh binds to two distinct types of receptors: Ionotropic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and metabotropic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). The activation of nAChR by ACh leads to the rapid influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and subsequent cellular depolarization. Activation of mAChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1-M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. In the cleft, ACh may also be hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) into choline and acetate. The choline derived from ACh hydrolysis is recovered by a presynaptic high-affinity choline transporter (CHT ...
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Bradford HF, Foley P, Docherty M, Fillit H, Luine VN, McEwen B, Bucht G, Winbald B, Hardy J. Antibodies in serum of patients with Alzheimers disease cause immunolysis of cholinergic nerve terminals from the rat cerebral cortex ...
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