TY - JOUR. T1 - Contribution of perfusion pressure to vascular resistance response during head-up tilt. AU - Imadojemu, Virginia A.. AU - Lott, Mary E.J.. AU - Gleeson, Kevin. AU - Hogeman, Cynthia S.. AU - Ray, Chester A.. AU - Sinoway, Lawrence. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - We measured brachial and femoral artery flow velocity in eight subjects and peroneal and median muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in five subjects during tilt testing to 40°. Tilt caused similar increases in MSNA in the peroneal and median nerves. Tilt caused a fall in femoral artery flow velocity, whereas no changes in flow velocity were seen in the brachial artery. Moreover, with tilt, the increase in the vascular resistance employed (blood pressure/flow velocity) was greater and more sustained in the leg than in the arm. The ratio of the percent increase in vascular resistance in leg to arm was 2.5:1. We suggest that the greater vascular resistance ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - The GPR55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol relaxes rat mesenteric resistance artery and induces Ca2+ release in rat mesenteric artery endothelial cells. AU - Alsuleimani, Y. M.. AU - Hiley, C. R.. PY - 2015/6/1. Y1 - 2015/6/1. N2 - Background and Purpose Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), a lipid signalling molecule, activates GPR55 and elevates intracellular Ca2+. Here, we examine the actions of LPI in the rat resistance mesenteric artery and Ca2+ responses in endothelial cells isolated from the artery. Experimental Approach Vascular responses were studied using wire myographs. Single-cell fluorescence imaging was performed using a MetaFluor system. Hypotensive effects of LPI were assessed using a Biopac system. Key Results In isolated arteries, LPI-induced vasorelaxation was concentration- and endothelium-dependent and inhibited by CID 16020046, a GPR55 antagonist. The CB1 receptor antagonist AM 251 had no effect, whereas rimonabant and O-1918 significantly potentiated LPI ...

1. In order to examine the effects of experimental hypertension on intracellular pH in mesenteric resistance arteries, intracellular pH was measured in mesenteric resistance arteries from rats with coarctation 72 h, 9 days and 28 days after the aorta was partially constricted between the origins of the renal arteries. Carotid arterial pressure was significantly raised at all time points.. 2. Second-order mesenteric resistance arteries were mounted in a myograph and were loaded with the acetoxymethyl ester of the pH-sensitive dye 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein. Morphological measurements demonstrated that arteries from rats with coarctation had an increased media volume at 9 days and at 28 days compared with vessels from sham-operated control animals, but this was only statistically significant at 28 days.. 3. Resting intracellular pH was not significantly different at any time point in arteries from rats with coarctation compared with control animals, although there was a ...

Chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary hypertension associated with structural alterations in pulmonary vessels and sustained vasoconstriction. The transcriptional mechanisms responsible for these distinctive changes are unclear. We have previously reported that CREB1 is activated in the lung in response to alveolar hypoxia but not in other organs. To directly investigate the role of α and Δ isoforms of CREB1 in the regulation of pulmonary vascular resistance we examined the responses of mice in which these isoforms of CREB1 had been inactivated by gene mutation, leaving only the β isoform intact (CREBαΔ mice). Here we report that expression of CREB regulated genes was altered in the lungs of CREBαΔ mice. CREBαΔ mice had greater pulmonary vascular resistance than wild types, both basally in normoxia and following exposure to hypoxic conditions for three weeks. There was no difference in rho kinase mediated vasoconstriction between CREBαΔ and wild type mice. Stereological analysis of pulmonary

1. Serial pulmonary haemodynamic investigations were performed in 13 women before conception, at monthly intervals throughout pregnancy, and then at 6 months after delivery.. 2. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was calculated from pulsed Doppler pulmonary velocities. Pulmonary flow was measured by Doppler and cross-sectional echocardiography. These two measurements were used to calculate pulmonary vascular resistance.. 3. Mean non-pregnant pulmonary artery pressure was 13.8 mmHg and no significant change was demonstrated during pregnancy.. 4. Pulmonary flow increased from 4.88 to 7.19 litres/min during pregnancy.. 5. Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 2.85 resistance units before pregnancy to 2.17 resistance units at 8 weeks gestation. Thereafter there was no further significant change, values returning to pre-pregnant levels by 6 months after delivery. ...

TY - CONF. T1 - SVR versus rate-independent vascular resistance why SVR is a false measurement of total peripheral resistance. AU - Woodford, Stephen. N1 - Version archived for private and non-commercial use with the permission of the author/s and according to publisher conditions. For further rights please contact the publisher.. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - Poster presented at Poster Session 9 on 16 May 2011.. AB - Poster presented at Poster Session 9 on 16 May 2011.. M3 - Poster. ER - ...

Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension - up-to-the-minute news and headlines. 7thSpace is a online portal covering topics such as Family, Business, Entertainment, Headlines, Recipes and more. A place for the whole family featuring many different sections to chose from.

In rats with long-term or chronic renovascular hypertension, we found that neither the change in BP or CO nor the renal vasoconstriction evoked by acute inhibition of NO synthesis was diminished compared with rats with early-phase 2K1C hypertension. Contrary to what we expected, this suggests that NO still contributes significantly to maintaining vascular tone in chronic 2K1C hypertension and that prolonged hypertension is apparently not exacerbated by developing endothelial dysfunction with diminished NO production. We had hypothesized that this chronic phase of 2K1C hypertension would be characterized by the loss of endothelial function and, therefore, a diminished influence of NO on vascular resistance. On the basis our bioassay of hemodynamic responses to NO synthesis inhibition, neither systemic nor renal endothelial dysfunction are factors in these rats. We further propose that in the chronic phase, blocking the AT1 receptor would no longer have a profound effect on BP or renal perfusion ...

Simple formulas may remain within the text of the manuscript if they can be set on the line: The pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) was calculated as follows: PVRI = (MPAP − PCWP)/CI, where MPAP indicates mean pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; and CI, cardiac index. Long or complicated formulas should be centered on a separate line. In either case, symbols and signs should be marked in detail. Such formulas may be handled either as copy or as prepared art, depending on the availability of special characters and use of software for equation preparation. For online publications, formulas that require more

Simple formulas may remain within the text of the manuscript if they can be set on the line: The pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI) was calculated as follows: PVRI = (MPAP − PCWP)/CI, where MPAP indicates mean pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; and CI, cardiac index. Long or complicated formulas should be centered on a separate line. In either case, symbols and signs should be marked in detail. Such formulas may be handled either as copy or as prepared art, depending on the availability of special characters and use of software for equation preparation. For online publications, formulas that require more

Bell, James Stephen, Adio, Aminat, Pitt, Andrew, Hayman, Lindsay, Thorn, Clare E., Shore, Angela C., Whatmore, Jacqueline and Winlove, C. Peter 2016 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Nature and distribution of vascular resistance in hypoxic pig lungs. AU - Rock, P.. AU - Patterson, G. A.. AU - Permutt, S.. AU - Sylvester, J. T.. PY - 1985. Y1 - 1985. N2 - We used the vascular occlusion technique in pig lungs isolated in situ to describe the efffects of hypoxia on the distribution of vascular resistance and to determine whether the resistive elements defined by this technique behaved as ohmic or Starling resistors during changes in flow at constant outflow pressure, changes in outflow pressure at constant flow, and reversal of flow. During normoxia, the largest pressure gradient occurred across the middle compliant region of the vasculature (ΔPm). The major effect of hypoxia was to increase ΔPm and the gradient across the relatively noncompliant arterial region (ΔPa). The gradient across the noncompliant venous region (ΔPv) changed only slightly, if at all. Both ΔPa and ΔPv increased with flow but ΔPm decreased. The pressure at the arterial end of the ...

Introduction: Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) is a measurement of resistance and impediment of the systemic vascular bed to blood flow. SVR is a frequently ...

Nitric oxide synthase and renin-angiotensin gene expression and NOS function in the postnatal renal resistance vasculature Article ...

Abstract: Objective. To assess the relationship between cortisol concentrations in the last trimester of pregnancy and systemic vascular resistance - SVR in childhood. Materials and methods. This study is part of a cohort involving 130 Brazilian pregnant women and their children, ages 5 to 7 years. Maternal cortisol was determined in saliva by an enzyme immunoassay utilizing the mean concentration of 9 samples of saliva (3 in each different day), collected at the same time, early in the morning. SVR was assessed by the HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 Cardiovascular Profiling System®. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and life style factors were determined by a questionnaire. The nutritional status of the women and children was assessed by the body mass index - BMI. The association between maternal cortisol and SVR in childhood was calculated by multivariate linear regression analysis. Results.There were statistically significant associations between maternal cortisol and SVR (p = 0.043) and ...

An apparatus and method for detecting myocardial ischemia in a subject monitors the systemic vascular resistance of the subject and detects the presence of myocardial ischemia when the systemic vascular resistance increases by at least sixty percent over a base line value. Particular apparatus describe providing a measurement corresponding to the systemic vascular resistance of the cardiovascular system. A particular invasive pressure measuring apparatus uses a flexible catheter tube insertable into the artery of the subject and a micro-manometer embedded into the outer face of the wall of the catheter tube. The outer face of the embedded micro-manometer is directly exposed to the blood in an artery and the inner face of the embedded micro-manometer is covered by the inner face of the catheter tube wall.

Objective: Studies of high-risk pediatric cardiac transplant recipients are lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate early posttransplant survival in high-risk pediatric. patients.. Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) provided de-identified patient-level data. The study population included 3502 recipients aged less than 21 years who underwent transplantation from January 1, 1995, through December 31, 2005. Recipients were stratified on the basis of the presence or absence of high-risk criteria: pulmonary vascular resistance index greater than 6 Wood units/m(2) (n = 285, 8.1%), this website creatinine clearance less than 40 mL/min (308, 8.8%), hepatitis C positivity (33, 0.9%), donor/recipient weight ratio less than 0.7 (80, 2.3%), panel reactive antibody greater than 40% (235, 6.7%), retransplantation (235, 6.7%), and age less than 1 year old (840, 24.0%).. Results: Overall, 1575 (45.0%) patients met at least one high-risk criterion. Higher numbers of high-risk ...

Delić-Brkljačić, Diana and Galešić, Krešimir and Ivanac, Gordana and Manola, Šime and Pintarić, Hrvoje and Štambuk, Krešimir and Gaćina, Petar and Radeljić, Vjekoslav (2009) Influence of ATII blockers and calcium channel blockers on renal vascular resistance in patients with essential hypertension. Collegium Antropologicum, 33 (4). pp. 1129-38. ISSN 0350-6134 ...

Delić-Brkljačić, Diana and Galešić, Krešimir and Ivanac, Gordana and Manola, Šime and Pintarić, Hrvoje and Štambuk, Krešimir and Gaćina, Petar and Radeljić, Vjekoslav (2009) Influence of ATII blockers and calcium channel blockers on renal vascular resistance in patients with essential hypertension. Collegium Antropologicum, 33 (4). pp. 1129-38. ISSN 0350-6134 ...

LOURDES A. FORTEPIANI, ELENA RODRIGO, M. CLARA ORTÍZ, VICTORIA CACHOFEIRO, NOEMÍ M. ATUCHA, LUIS M. RUILOPE, VICENTE LAHERA and JOAQUÍN GARCÍA-ESTAÑ ...

Cardivas is a brand name for Carvedilol, which is a vasodilating non-selective beta-blocking agent with antioxidant properties. Carvedilol reduces the peripheral vascular resistance through...

The Center for One Health Research Department of Environment & Occupational Health Sciences School of Public Health University of Washington Box 357234 Seattle, WA, USA ...

RESULTS Compared with baseline values, GFR (171 ± 20 to 120 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m2) and filtration fraction (FF, 0.24 ± 0.06 to 0.18 ± 0.03) declined in hyperfilterers (ANOVA P ≤ 0.033), and renal vascular resistance increased (0.0678 ± 0.0135 to 0.0783 ± 0.0121 mmHg/L/min, P = 0.017). GFR and FF did not change in normofiltering subjects. In contrast, the radial augmentation index decreased in hyperfiltering (1.2 ± 11.7 to −11.0 ± 7.8%) and normofiltering (14.3 ± 14.0 to 2.5 ± 14.6%) subjects (within-group changes, ANOVA P ≤ 0.030). The decline in circulating aldosterone levels was similar in both groups. ...

Clamping of the umbilical cord and expansion of the lungs at birth shift gas exchange from the placenta to the lungs. Removal of the placenta also causes an increase in systemic vascular resistance to about twice that before birth. ...

Cook Medical is releasing in the United States its TriForce Peripheral Crossing Set, devices made to support percutaneous wire guides while performing interventions within the peripheral vasculature. In addition to helping to directly treat obstructions, the devices can also be used to inject radiopaque angiography contrast media to image the vasculature being worked on. The devices come in ...

For many uses in chemistry or food production, for example, it is important to know whether measurement parameters such as pressure, temperature and resistance change. Sensors, regulators and switches can point to risks or nip these in the bud ...

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The application of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using a heart-lung machine in open heart surgery is associated with numerous pathophysiological changes in the vascular system and the neurohormonal environment. In this study our purpose was to investigate whether the hormones brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and ghrelin arc involved in changes in the systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) after CPB, using data from 20 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting accompanied by CPB. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained using a thermodilution catheter and included cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index. Blood samples were taken before CPB, after CPB, and at 0 and 24 h postoperatively. The blood levels of total and acylated ghrelin were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Blood levels of BNP were measured by a fluorescence immunoassay kit. The SVRI was significantly higher at the end of CPB and at 0 h postoperatively than before CPB (end of CPB: 4282 +/- 1035 dyne . s . ...

Our results demonstrate that in vitro blockade of ACE is insufficient to prevent the contraction of human subcutaneous resistance arteries to Ang I. Because our preliminary experiments showed that this response is completely blocked by losartan, we assume that contraction to Ang I represents the effect of Ang II generated locally and acting on the Ang II type I receptor. Thus, treatment with an ACEI appears to be unable to prevent conversion of Ang I to Ang II in human resistance arteries. In the rabbit, in contrast, ACEI administration fully prevented Ang I-induced contraction.. Because ACE is identical to kininase II, the enzyme responsible for the degradation of kinins, it has been suggested that potentiation of BK may be partly responsible for the actions of ACEI. Thus, plasma kinin concentrations are increased in humans by quinapril, and ACEI-induced coronary artery vasodilation in dogs and humans has been shown to be mediated by BK.16 17 18 We investigated the effect of enalaprilat on the ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Assessing myogenic response and vasoactivity in resistance mesenteric arteries using pressure myography. AU - Jadeja, Ravirajsinh N.. AU - Rachakonda, Vikrant. AU - Bagi, Zsolt. AU - Khurana, Sandeep. PY - 2015/7/6. Y1 - 2015/7/6. N2 - Small resistance arteries constrict and dilate respectively in response to increased or decreased intraluminal pressure; this phenomenon known as myogenic response is a key regulator of local blood flow. In isobaric conditions small resistance arteries develop sustained constriction known as myogenic tone (MT), which is a major determinant of systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Hence, ex vivo pressurized preparations of small resistance arteries are major tools to study microvascular function in near-physiological states. To achieve this, a freshly isolated intact segment of a small resistance artery (diameter ~260 μm) is mounted onto two small glass cannulas and pressurized. These arterial preparations retain most in vivo characteristics and ...

Vasoconstriction in atherosclerotic human subcutaneous resistance arteries - Science Exchange Lets You Compare Quotes From Leading Service Providers.

Vasodilatation in ischaemic human subcutaneous resistance arteries - Science Exchange Lets You Compare Quotes From Leading Service Providers.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Effects of weight reduction on cellular cation metabolism and vascular resistance. AU - Jacobs, David B.. AU - Sowers, James R.. AU - Hmeidan, Ammar. AU - Niyogi, Tushar. AU - Simpson, Lori. AU - Standley, Paul R. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - The early stages of weight loss are associated with a reduction in blood pressure, and the mechanisms mediating this reduction remain unclear. Platelet free calcium levels, [Ca2+]i» have been reported to be elevated in essential hypertension and to decrease with pharmacological treatment of the hypertension. In the current study, 18 obese subjects had measurements of blood pressure, forearm blood flow, forearm vascular resistance, and both basal platelet [Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]i responses to vasopressin during 12 weeks on a very low calorie (3,360 kj, or 800 kcal) diet. Weight reduction was associated with reduction in mean arterial blood pressure at 3-4 weeks. There were associated reductions in forearm vascular resistance and platelet [Ca2+]i as ...

Selection of patients with congenital heart disease for surgical septation in biventricular repair or surgical palliation in functionally single ventricles requires low pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Where there is uncertainty, PVR can be assessed using hybrid cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and fluoroscopic (X-Ray) guided cardiac catheterizations (XMR). CMR/XMR catheterization is a validated technique for accurate assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance. However, data concerning its application in clinical practice is lacking. PVR assessments were performed in 167 studies in 149 congenital heart disease patients by CMR/XMR catheterization. Data was collated on patient demographics, procedural data, complications and outcomes. Institutional ethics approval was obtained. Median age was 3.6 years (6 days - 67 years) and weight 13.8 kg (2.3 -122 kg). One hundred and eight studies were in biventricular circulations and 59 in functionally single ventricles. Median radiation dose was 0.72

BACKGROUND Creatine kinase (CK) is a main predictor of blood pressure, and this is thought to largely depend on high resistance artery contractility. We previously reported an association between vascular contractility and CK in normotensive pregnancy, but pregnancy is a strong CK inducer, and data on human hypertension are lacking. Therefore, we further explored CK-dependency of vascular contractility outside the context of pregnancy in normotensive and hypertensive women. METHODS AND RESULTS Nineteen consecutive women, mean age 42 years (SE 1.3), mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure respectively 142.6 (SE 5.9)/85.6 (3.4) mm Hg (9 hypertensive), donated an omental fat sample during abdominal surgery. We compared vasodilation after the specific CK inhibitor 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB; 10-6 mol/l) to sodium nitroprusside (10-6 mol/l) in isolated resistance arteries using a wire myograph. Additionally, we assessed predictors of vasoconstrictive force. DNFB reduced vascular contractility ...

Blood flow between these two vascular beds may not always be equal. If a state occurs in which pulmonary vascular resistance increases or systemic vascular resistance decreases blood will preferentially shift to the peripheral circulation at the expense of blood flow to the lungs. This is the pathophysiology behind the hypercyanotic spell (Tet spell) seen in children with tetralogy of Fallot and similar lesions. Increases in systemic vascular resistance or decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance will produce the opposite effect shunting blood to the pulmonary circulation at the expense of peripheral perfusion.. This may occur when a childs baseline state of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is suddenly reversed with additional oxygen or assisted ventilations that decrease avelolar carbon dioxide concentrations.. In the patient presented, a univentricular heart distributed blood to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations. Dehydration and acidosis produced compensatory hyperventilation ...

To evaluate the effect of inhaled nebulized AIR001 administered according to 3 treatment arms (80 mg once daily, 46 mg 4 times daily, or 80 mg 4 times daily) in subjects with WHO Group 1 PAH for 16 weeks, as determined by time to the first morbidity/mortality event as defined in Time to Clinical Worsening (TTCW) assessments and change from Baseline to Week 16 in the following:. Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Index (PVRI), N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP), 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) assessed at peak, 6MWD assessed prior to AIR001 nebulization (trough), Cardiac Output (CO), Cardiac Index (CI), Mean Right Atrial Pressure (mRAP), WHO/NYHA Functional Class (FC), Quality of Life (QOL) as measured by Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Borg Dyspnea Index, Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), PVR measured at trough, PVR/systemic vascular resistance (SVR) ratio at trough and peak,. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of AIR001 in subjects with WHO Group 1 PAH. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Vascular Mechanisms of Post-exercise Blood Pressure Responses in Peripheral Artery Disease. AU - Correia, M A. AU - Soares, A H G. AU - Cucato, G G. AU - Lima, A H R. AU - Gomes, A P F. AU - Prazeres, T M P. AU - Rodrigues, S C. AU - Sobral-Filho, D. AU - Santos, A C. AU - Brasileiro-Santos, M S. AU - Ritti-Dias, R M. PY - 2015/11. Y1 - 2015/11. N2 - This study aimed to analyze the vascular mechanisms involved in post-resistance decreases in blood pressure in patients with peripheral artery disease. 17 patients underwent 2 experimental sessions conducted in random order: resistance exercise (REx-3×10 reps in 8 exercises with intensity of ~ 60% of 1 RM) and control (C- resting on the exercise machines for 50 min). Before and after each experimental session, blood pressure, reflected wave indicators, pulse wave velocity, blood flow, blood flow post-reactive hyperemia and peripheral vascular resistance responses were obtained. Both sessions increased brachial systolic, diastolic ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Reductions in blood pressure after acute exercise by hypertensive rats. AU - Overton, J. M.. AU - Joyner, M. J.. AU - Tipton, C. M.. PY - 1988. Y1 - 1988. N2 - Postexercise reductions in blood pressure at rest have been reported for hypertensive subjects. To determine whether postexercise hypotension would occur in spontaneously hypertensive rats and to test the hypothesis that any reductions would result because of decreases in regional vascular resistances, hypertensive rats (n=19) were instrumented with indwelling arterial catheters and Doppler probes to measure regional blood flows from the iliac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries. Data were collected from animals who performed a 20- and a 40-min treadmill test at between 60 and 70% of their maximum O2 uptake. When the animals ran for 20 min, there was a pre- to postexercise drop in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 158±3.6 to 150±3.6 mmHg (P,0.05) which was recorded 30 min after the exercise had ceased. The pre- to ...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension in pregnancy is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality is high in addition to cases of bleeding and infection. In Indonesia hypertension in pregnancy is the cause of 30-40% of perinatal deaths. Hemokonsentrasi state is related to blood viscosity and hematocrit is an important determinant of the blood viscosity. Blood viscosity and peripheral vascular resistance affect the blood flow resistance, which has increased in primary hypertension. Careful observation of the several indicators prediction of preeclampsia, such as hematocrit levels can prevent from unwanted circumstances. METHODS: This research is to design interventions penelitiaan pre test - post to determine the relationship between hematocrit levels in preeclampsia before and after childbirth. All data collected old and new patients were evaluated. Pre and post test data is performed using the t test (t-test) and the test data to find the relationship of hematocrit levels with the degree of ...

We tested a sample of two Chhabra medium pressure shunts (containing two balls) using a 2 week evaluation protocol.2 Our main aim was to investigate the impact of posture (horizontal-vertical) on shunt pressure-flow performance. We also investigated how the fluctuations in proximal pressure, simulating the presence of naturally occurring waves of intraventricular pressure, may alter shunt function. Such waves may occur not only due to heart and respiratory function but also due to body movements during walking, jogging, etc.. The figure (B) shows two typical pressure-flow performance curves recorded in the horizontal and the vertical position. They represent two almost straight parallel lines. Their slopes depict the low hydrodynamic resistance of the shunt (1.3 mm Hg/ml/min) This is much lower than the physiological resistance to CSF outflow, which normally lies within the range 6-10 mm Hg/ml/min.5 The average operating pressure determined for the vertical shunt position was around 7 mm Hg and ...

Objective:The present study aimed to compare circadian hemodynamic characteristics in hypertensive patients with and without primary aldosteronism.Methods:Circadian hemodynamics, including 24-h brachial and central blood pressure (BP), SBP variability indices, central pulse wave velocity (PWV), augm

Kutter, A P N (2013). Invasive and non-invasive measurement and importance of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance in animals. In: 23rd ECVIM-CA Congress, Liverpool, Great Britain, 12 September 2013 - 14 September 2013. ...

Under normal conditions, blood flow in the renal arterial circulation is antegrade and maintained during diastole. When renal arterial vascular resistance increases or compliance lessens, a decrease in renal diastolic blood flow occurs, which is more pronounced than the decrease in the systolic component (11). This action results in an increased RI. Importantly, the Doppler waveform is altered not by vascular resistance alone but by the interaction of vascular resistance and compliance (e.g., large arterial distensibility, pulse pressure). Therefore, aging, atherosclerosis, and stiffening of the large arteries will result in an increased RI (12). This scenario likely explains the significantly lower baseline RI value in the cohort of healthy young subjects compared with HF patients.. Baseline levels of VII were not different between groups. After multivariate analyses, there was a poor but significant correlation between RVSP and baseline VII, but no significant correlation remained between ...

T. Komatsu, V. Kumar, V. Sanchala, K. Shibutani; SYSTEMIC VASCULAR RESISTANCE NEEDS CORRECTION FOR HEMATOCRIT VALUES. Anesthesiology 1982; 57:A124 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198209001-00124. Download citation file:. ...

in Veterinary Research Communications (1992), 16(6), 453-464. The lungs of 13 healthy Landrace piglets were isolated, perfused and maintained in an isogravimetric state under zone III conditions. By applying vascular occlusion methods, the total blood flow ... [more ▼]. The lungs of 13 healthy Landrace piglets were isolated, perfused and maintained in an isogravimetric state under zone III conditions. By applying vascular occlusion methods, the total blood flow resistance (Rt) was partitioned into four components: arterial (Ra), pre- (Ra) and post-capillary (Rv), and venous (Rv). The capillary filtration coefficient (Kfc) was evaluated using a gravimetric technique. A bolus of 55 micrograms of Escherichia coli endotoxins (LPS) per 100 g of lung was injected into the arterial reservoir of eight lungs, followed by an infusion of LPS at a rate of 55 micrograms per 100 g of lung per hour for 180 min. A bolus of theophylline (85 mg per 100 g of lung weight) was injected into the arterial ...

Percent change in coronary blood flow, coronary vascular resistance and coronary epicardial diameter in response to (A) endothelium-dependent vasodilation with acetylcholine and (B) endothelium-independent vasodilation with sodium nitroprusside. (C) Percent change in coronary blood flow and coronary vascular resistance in response to adenosine. Overweight and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) in dark columns and normal weight subjects (BMI , 25kg/m2) in open columns. Results expressed as mean ± SEM. Probability values by students t-test ...

Introduction: Some, but not all patients with advanced heart failure (HF) develop precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to unidentified mechanisms. We hypothesized that diminished local sensitivity to endogenous BNP, reflected by low rate of cGMP release, might be responsible for PH.. Methods: 18 patients with systolic HF and high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR , 3 w.u. in euvolemia, PHHF) and 28 HF patients with low PVR (non-PHHF) of similar age, gender, body size and HF severity (52±12 years, 54% ischemic, NYHA 2,9±0,7, EF 23±4%) underwent right heart cath. Samples were obtained from pulmonary artery (PA) catheter before and during wedging (02sat.,95%) to calculate transpulmonary BNP uptake and cGMP release (concentration difference × CO). PHHF patients were re-measured 1 hour after oral dose of sildenafil (40mg).. Results: PHHF had similar systemic resistance (SVR), BNPPA (684 vs. 607 pg/ml, p=0.8) as non-PHHF, but higher PVR (6.4 vs. 1.9 w.u., p ,0.001), PA wedge pressure (26 ...

Coronary blood flow closely matches to metabolic demands of heart and myocardial oxygen consumption and is conditioned by function of coronary resistance vessels. The microvascular endothelium of coronary resistance vessels is exposed to a spatially

An arteriole is a blood vessel that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries. Arterioles have thick muscular walls and are the primary site of vascular resistance. The mean blood pressure in the arteries supplying the body is a result of the interaction between the cardiac output (the volume of blood the heart is pumping per minute) and the vascular resistance, usually termed total peripheral resistance by physicians and researchers. The up and down fluctuation of the arterial blood pressure is due to the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output and determined by the interaction of the stroke volume versus the volume and elasticity of the major arteries. Template:Anatomy-stub ...

Objective: We compared the renal and systemic vascular (renovascular) response to reducing bioavailable nitric oxide in patients with type 2 diabetes without nephropathy of African and Caucasian heritage.. Method: Under euglycaemic conditions, renal blood flow was measured by a constant infusion of paraminohippurate and changes in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance estimated before and after an infusion of L-Ng-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA).. Results: In the African heritage group there was a significant fall in renal blood flow (Δ − 46.0 mls/min/1.73 m2;p,0.05) and rise in systolic blood pressure (Δ10.0 [2.3 - 17.9] mmHg; p=0.017) which correlated with an increase in renal vascular resistance (r2=0.77; p=0.004).. Conclusions: The renal vasconstrictive response associated with nitric oxide synthase inhibition in this study may be of relevance to the observed vulnerability to renal injury in patients of African heritage.. ...

In the present study, vehicle-treated MI rats had depressed cardiac function that was characterized by reduced cardiac index and stroke volume index and increased systemic vascular resistance, indicating that heart failure developed in this animal model. Intravenous infusion of HGF, for 6 days beginning the day after ischemia/reperfusion, resulted in a significant improvement in cardiac performance, measured 8 weeks post-MI. Compared with rats with vehicle-treated MI, animals receiving HGF had significantly higher cardiac index and stroke volume index and reduced systemic vascular resistance. These three parameters were improved to near normal levels. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that HGF improves cardiac function in conscious animals with heart failure induced by MI.. The premise for this work was based on the observations that myocardial HGF and c-Met were induced for several days after MI (Ono et al., 1997;Ueda et al., 2001) and that the peak levels occurred well past the ...

How do we distinguish a difference between physiology 1 and physiology 2? The answer lies in the PAd - Ppao difference [3, 5]. In example 2 [e.g. WHO II pulmonary hypertension], the PAd - Ppao difference will remain small - the PAd and Ppao will rise together; the difference is normally less than 6 mmHg. In example 1 [e.g. WHO I pulmonary hypertension], the PAd rises much more than the Ppao.. Implications for Practice. It should be clear from the aforementioned, that it is not adequate to imply mechanisms from the cPVR alone, especially with respect to the pulmonary vascular tree. Noting an increase in the cPVR in response to an intervention should be followed with an inquiry into why the cPVR increased. Was it driven by a change in the pressure gradient [numerator] and if so, how? Did the PAd increase with respect to the Ppao [i.e. a true increase in resistance - thought experiment 1], or did the transpulmonary gradient rise solely because of increased PAs with preserved PAd-Ppao gradient [i.e. ...

Patients with precapillary PH and PVR who do meet the definition of PAH may have functional limitations and may benefit from therapy.

Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...

Results Overall, a discordance between IMR and MVO was observed in 36.7% of cases, with 31 patients having MVO and IMR ≤40. Compared with patients with MVO and IMR ≤40, patients with both MVO and IMR ,40 had an 11.9-fold increased risk of final IS ,25% at 6 months (p = 0.001). Patients with MVO and IMR ≤40 had a significantly smaller IS at 6 months (p = 0.001), with significant regression in IS over time (34.4% [interquartile range (IQR): 27.3% to 41.0%] vs. 22.3% [IQR: 16.0% to 30.0%]; p = 0.001). ...

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Eiger BioPharmaceuticals ubenimex failed to show improvement in pulmonary vascular resistance or exercise capacity in the Phase 2 LIBERTY clinical trial.

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Just shake the Aerobar in a rhythmic pattern and feel it excite your core. Your abs, back, arms & shoulders will gain new levels of strength and stability - all in one easy workout. Its the perfect cardio tool to firm and tone your muscles. The resistance increases as you shake it harder. ...

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