Hashimotos thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder and the most common cause of hypothyroidism. The use of Nigella sativa, a potent herbal medicine, continues to increase worldwide as an alternative treatment of several chronic diseases including hyperlipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa on thyroid function, serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) - 1, Nesfatin-1 and anthropometric features in patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis. Forty patients with Hashimotos thyroiditis, aged between 22 and 50 years old, participated in the trial and were randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control receiving powdered Nigella sativa or placebo daily for 8 weeks. Changes in anthropometric variables, dietary intakes, thyroid status, serum VEGF and Nesfatin-1 concentrations after 8 weeks were measured. Treatment with Nigella sativa significantly reduced body weight and body mass index (BMI).

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (Flt4 Ligand or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Related Protein or VEGFC) - Drugs in Development, 2021 provides in depth analysis on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (Flt4 Ligand or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Related Protein or VEGFC) targeted pipeline therapeutics. The report provides comprehensive information complete with Analysis by Indications, Stage of Development, Mechanism of Action (MoA), Route of Administration (RoA) and Molecule Type. The report also covers the descriptive pharmacological action of the therapeutics, its complete research and development history and latest news and press releases. Additionally, the report provides an overview of key players involved in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (Flt4 Ligand or Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Related Protein or VEGFC) targeted therapeutics development and features dormant and discontinued projects. The report analyses the pipeline products across relevant therapy areas ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Lysophosphatidic acid induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human ovarian cancer cells. AU - Hu, Yu Long. AU - Tee, Meng Kian. AU - Goetzl, Edward J.. AU - Auersperg, Nelly. AU - Mills, Gordon B.. AU - Ferrara, Napoleone. AU - Jaffe, Robert B.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2001/5/16. Y1 - 2001/5/16. N2 - Background: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates ovarian tumor growth at concentrations present in ascitic fluid. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis and plays a pivotal role in the formation of ovarian cancer-associated ascites. We examined whether LPA promotes ovarian tumor growth by increasing angiogenesis via VEGF. Methods: VEGF expression was examined in a simian virus 40 T-antigen-immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cell line (IOSE-29) and in ovarian cancer cell lines (OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and CAOV-3) treated with LPA. VEGF promoter activity was measured in OVCAR-3 cells ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in pig latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps after ischemia reperfusion injury. AU - Erdmann, Detlev. AU - Sweis, Ranya. AU - Wong, Michael S.. AU - Niklason, Laura E.. AU - Du Laney, Tracey V.. AU - Levin, L. Scott. AU - Klitzman, Bruce. AU - Olbrich, Kevin C.. PY - 2003/2/1. Y1 - 2003/2/1. N2 - Exogenous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) improves long-term viability of myocutaneous flaps. However, endogenous expression of this substance in flaps following ischemia-reperfusion injury has not been reported previously. Endogenous production of VEGF was measured in myocutaneous pig latissimus dorsi flaps after ischemia-reperfusion injury. Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps (15 × 10 cm) were simultaneously elevated bilaterally in six Yorkshire-type male pigs (25 kg). Before elevation, three flap zones (5 × 10 cm) were marked according to their distance from the vascular pedicle. After isolation of the vascular ...

Hydrocele is a build-up of fluid in the scrotal regions of a proportion of men infected with the filarial nematode Wuchereria bancrofti. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) are major mediators of vascular permeability and angiogenesis in the development and progression of many diseases, making them candidates in hydrocele development. We assessed the role of VEGF-A genetic polymorphisms in hydrocele development in a cohort of lymphatic filariasis patients from Ghana. Three VEGF-A promoter polymorphisms were examined. The C/C genotype at −460 was significantly higher in hydrocele patients ([P = 0.0007], OR = 3.8 [95% CI = 1.9-8.2]) than in non-hydrocele patients. Furthermore, plasma levels of VEGF-A were significantly higher in subjects with the C/C genotype than in those with other genotypes. Also, a positive correlation (R2 = 0.412, P = 0.026) was observed between plasma VEGF-A and stage of hydrocele. The data suggest that the C polymorphism at −460 is a genetic risk factor for hydrocele

TY - JOUR. T1 - Plasma cytokines eotaxin, MIP-1α, MCP-4, and vascular endothelial growth factor in acute lower respiratory tract infection. AU - Relster, Mette Marie. AU - Holm, Anette. AU - Pedersen, Court. N1 - © 2016 APMIS. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.. PY - 2017. Y1 - 2017. N2 - Major overlaps of clinical characteristics and the limitations of conventional diagnostic tests render the initial diagnosis and clinical management of pulmonary disorders difficult. In this pilot study, we analyzed the predictive value of eotaxin, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 4 (MCP-4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 40 patients hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). The cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory respiratory diseases, indicating a potential as markers for LRTI. Patients were stratified according to etiology and severity of LRTI, based on baseline C-reactive protein and ...

purpose. To investigate whether triamcinolone acetonide (TA) affects the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to oxidative stress.. methods. TA (10 nM, 1 μM, or 100 μM) was added to ARPE19 cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation and paraquat. Cellular expression of VEGF, CTGF, and an inducer of both growth factors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β was investigated with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Tube-forming assays were conducted with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in conditioned medium from RPE cells exposed to oxidative stress, with or without TA treatment.. results. Oxidative stress induced mRNA expression of VEGF, CTGF, and TGF-β by RPE cells. TA reduced upregulation of VEGF and TGF-β in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, upregulation of CTGF by oxidative stress ...

Introduction== Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted protein growth factor family which stimulates the proliferation of vasular endotheial cells and therefore blood vessel growth. VEGF is secreted but remains associated with cells or extracellular matrix. It is released by heparin. VEGF belongs to the platelet derive growth factor (PDGF) family, has four isoforms are formed by alternative splicing of the same gene. {{Factor Links}} , [[Cardiovascular_System_-_Blood_Vessel_Development,Blood Vessel Development]] , [[:Category:VEGF,Category:VEGF]] == Some Recent Findings == {, ,-bgcolor=F5FAFF , * Visceral Endoderm Expression of Yin-Yang1 (YY1) Is Required for VEGFA Maintenance and Yolk Sac Development,ref name=PMID23554936>,pubmed>23554936,/pubmed>,/ref> Mouse embryos lacking the polycomb group gene member Yin-Yang1 (YY1) die during the peri-implantation stage. To assess the post-gastrulation role of YY1, a conditional knock-out (cKO) strategy was used to delete YY1 from ...

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate and correlate between the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum and aqueous humor in cases of neovascular glaucoma (NVG) to stand up on if it can be used as a marker for early detection of such cases. Methods: This observational case control study included 60 eyes, divided into 3 groups, group A of 30 eyes presented by cataract of different causes (not diabetic patients and no signs of NVG) as a control group and group B of 30 eyes with NVG due to different causes, group C of the same eyes in group B but after one month of treatment by intravitreal bevacizumab and laser treatment by pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP). Serum VEGF was estimated in all groups, also aqueous humor VEGF was estimated in group A and B only. In addition glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was estimated in group B; statistical analysis of the results was performed. Results: The study revealed that the commonest cause of NVG was proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in 26

To observe the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in peripheral blood and joint synovia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to verify the clinical efficacy of E

Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) is one of two main receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). KDR is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase that is the main mediator of VEGF-induced proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation in endothelial cells. KDR is also known as fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk1), protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), CD309, and tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. Binding of VEGFA, VEGFC, or VEGFD to KDR initiates several signaling cascades, including pathways that involve protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and AKT1 kinase. Mutations in the KDR gene are associated with infantile capillary hemangiomas.. ...

Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) is one of two main receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). KDR is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase that is the main mediator of VEGF-induced proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation in endothelial cells. KDR is also known as fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk1), protein-tyrosine kinase receptor flk-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), CD309, and tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. Binding of VEGFA, VEGFC, or VEGFD to KDR initiates several signaling cascades, including pathways that involve protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, and AKT1 kinase. Mutations in the KDR gene are associated with infantile capillary hemangiomas.. ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Arg-leu-tyr-glu suppresses retinal endothelial permeability and choroidal neovascularization by inhibiting the VEGF receptor 2 signaling pathway. AU - Park, Wonjin. AU - Baek, Yi Yong. AU - Kim, Joohwan. AU - Jo, Dong Hyun. AU - Choi, Seunghwan. AU - Kim, Jin Hyoung. AU - Kim, Taesam. AU - Kim, Suji. AU - Park, Minsik. AU - Kim, Ji Yoon. AU - Won, Moo Ho. AU - Ha, Kwon Soo. AU - Kim, Jeong Hun. AU - Kwon, Young Guen. AU - Kim, Young Myeong. PY - 2019/9. Y1 - 2019/9. N2 - Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular leakage via activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of the tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (RLYE), a VEGFR2 inhibitor, in the development of vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), treatment with RLYE blocked VEGF-Ainduced phosphorylation ...

The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) remains obscure, although angiogenesis appears to play an important role. We recently confirmed an overexpression of two angiogenic factors, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF), by the lining and stromal cells of the synovium in both conditions. Because hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are essential in regulating transcription of the VEGF gene, active participation of HIF-α molecules in the pathogenesis of these arthritides is anticipated. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in the synovium of 22 patients with RA, 34 patients with OA and 22 normal nonarthritic individuals, in relation to VEGF, VEGF/KDR (kinase insert domain protein receptor) vascular activation, PD-ECGF and bcl-2. A significant cytoplasmic and nuclear overexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α was noted in the synovial lining and stromal cells

Purpose : Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) driven process that can be effectively treated with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents bevacizumab and ranibizumab. In a subset of patients, DME persists and visual loss occurs despite active treatment with these anti-VEGF agents. The Food and Drug Administration recently approved aflibercept, now a third commonly used intravitreous anti-VEGF agent. This retrospective chart review identified patients with persistent DME as nonresponders, and tested the hypothesis that treatment with aflibercept improves functional and structural outcomes in patients that were otherwise resistant to prior anti-VEGF therapies. Methods : The design of this study is a single center, retrospective chart review. Consecutive eyes previously receiving intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25mg) or ranibizumab (0.3mg) for chronic DME and later switched to aflibercept (2mg) were identified. Inclusion criteria included nonresponding ...

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors disrupt angiogenesis and slow tumor growth but have a clinically significant side effect of hypertension. Between 9-59% of patients may develop hypertension induced VEGF inhibitors. Medication labeling for VEGF inhibitors recommend standard pharmacologic treatment of hypertension, interruption of chemotherapy, or discontinuation during hypertensive crisis. Actively controlling patients blood pressure allows them to receive the optimal dose of antineoplastic agent without the complication of hypertension. The purpose of this study is to evaluate an institutions practices of monitoring, identifying, and treating patients VEGF inhibitor induced hypertension. Methods: This retrospective, single-center, chart review assessed patients blood pressure measurements who received bevacizumab, ramucirumab, sorafenib, regorafenib, sunitinib, or pazopanib. Patients were excluded if they were less than 18, received VEGF inhibitors for ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor B also known as VEGF-B is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the VEGF-B gene. VEGF-B is a growth factor that belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor family, of which VEGF-A is the best-known member. In contrast to VEGF-A, VEGF-B plays a less pronounced role in the vascular system: Whereas VEGF-A is important for the formation of blood vessels, such as during development or in pathological conditions, VEGF-B seems to play a role only in the maintenance of newly formed blood vessels during pathological conditions. VEGF-B plays also an important role on several types of neurons. It is important for the protection of neurons in the retina and the cerebral cortex during stroke and of motoneurons during motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. VEGF-B exerts its effects via the FLT1 receptor. VEGF-B has also been found to control endothelial uptake and transport of fatty acids in heart and skeletal muscle. Vascular endothelial ...

Delayed administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes functional recovery after focal cerebral ischemia. However, early intravenous injection of VEGF increases blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, hemorrhagic transformation and infarct volume whereas its application to cortical surface is neuroprotective. We have investigated whether or not early intracerebroventricular administration of VEGF could replicate the neuroprotective effect observed with topical application and the mechanism of action of this protection. Mice were subjected to 90 mins middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and 24h of reperfusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (8ng, intracerebroventricular) was administered 1 or 3h after reperfusion. Compared with the vehicle-treated (intracerebroventricular) group, VEGF decreased the infarct volume along with BBB leakage in both treatment groups. Neurologic disability scores improved in parallel to the changes in infarct volume. Independently of the decrease ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - DLC1 negatively regulates angiogenesis in a paracrine fashion. AU - Shih, Yi Ping. AU - Liao, Yi Chun. AU - Lin, Yuan. AU - Lo, Su Hao. PY - 2010/11/1. Y1 - 2010/11/1. N2 - The Rho GTPase-activating protein DLC1 is a tumor suppressor that is often deleted in liver cancer and downregulated in other cancers. DLC1 regulates the actin cytoskeleton, cell shape, adhesion, migration, and proliferation through its Rho GTPase-activating protein activity and focal adhesion localization. In this study, we silenced DLC1 in nonmalignant prostate epithelial cells to explore its tumor suppression functions. Small hairpin RNA-mediated silencing of DLC1 was insufficient to promote more aggressive phenotypes associated with tumor cell growth. In contrast, DLC1 silencing promoted pro-angiogenic responses through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upregulation, accompanied by the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and its nuclear localization. Notably, modulation of VEGF expression ...

A vascular endothelial growth factor expressed in a variety of tissues. It binds with high specificity to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-1 and NEUROPILIN-1 ...

The effects of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), an agonist of the A2A adenosine receptors which when activated positively influences sperm activity, were tested in an experimental testicular ischaemia ⁄ reperfusion injury model. Anaesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to testicular torsion-induced ischaemia, followed by reperfusion (TI ⁄ R). Immediately after detorsion, randomized animals, including SHAM, received intraperitoneal injections of: (i)vehicle (1 mL⁄ kg 0.9% NaCl solution); (ii) PDRN (8 mg⁄ kg); (iii) DMPX (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargilxanthine, 0.1 mg⁄ kg); or (iv) PDRN (8 mg⁄ kg) +DMPX (0.1 mg⁄ kg). Animals were euthanized at 1, 7 and 30 days following reperfusion. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is normally associated with adenosine A2A receptor stimulation. After treatment, VEGFmRNA⁄ protein expression quantified by qPCR and Western blot, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ...

PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for Stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS Retrospective case series study. The medical records of patients receiving intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents for Stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity from January 2007 to May 2012 in Taipei Veterans General Hospital were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 13 eyes of 7 patients (3 boys and 4 girls) with Stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity were included. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 27.6 ± 2.6 weeks (range, 24.5-30.5 weeks) and 893.1 ± 293.2 g (range, 550-1422 g), respectively. The mean age at the time of injection was 38.2 ± 1.9 weeks (range, 36.0-41.5 weeks) postmenstrual age, and the mean follow-up period was 37.8 ± 19.5 months (range, 11.0-67.5 months). The active neovascularization regressed rapidly, and the anatomical outcomes were favorable in all patients. One eye developed recurrent

Press Release issued Jul 24, 2014: Reportstack, provider of premium market research reports announces the addition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors -Pipeline Insights, 2014 market report to its offering DelveInsights,Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D (VEGF-D) Inhibitors-Pipeline Insights, 2014, report provides comprehensive insights about pipeline drugs across this mechanism of action (MOA).

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a major complication of fertility treatment associated with multiple follicular recruitment along with elevation of estradiol level. The cause of OHSS is not well defif ined. However, the pathophysiology of OHSS is currently believed to be mediated through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). OHSS is considered an iatrogenic complication. OHSS is potentially life-threatening. The incidence of OHSS is approximately 10-20% in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for IVF. However, the incidence of severe OHSS which required hospitalization is approximately 1-2%.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of vascular response in the castration-induced regression of benign and malignant human prostate tissue, as recent studies show that castration rapidly decreases blood flow and induces endothelial cell death, which may be important for subsequent epithelial cell death and involution of the glandular tissue of the prostate.. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors was analysed using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in benign and tumour areas of core biopsies taken before, and approximately 1 week after castration therapy. The castration-induced VEGF response was related to therapy-induced changes in tumour cell apoptotic index and subsequent response in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In another set of patients, serum VEGF was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before, and at 3--6 months after castration therapy.. RESULTS: VEGF mRNA was down-regulated ...

To evaluate the efficacy of selective episcleral delivery of celecoxib formulated in a sustained-release episcleral exoplant on a model of retinal and choroidal neovascularization induced in rabbits by subretinal injection of matrigel combined with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Nine New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to three groups (episcleral celecoxib exoplant, intravitreal bevacizumab injection and control group). The bFGF was mixed with matrigel at a concentration of 10 ug/0.1 mL, and VEGF was mixed with matrigel at a concentration of 2 ug/0.1 mL. Animals assigned to celecoxib or intravitreal bevacizumab groups were treated within 03 days from matrigel injection. Fluorescein angiography (FA) and electroretinography (ERG) were performed 5 days, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after matrigel injection. Persistence or regression of three clinical features (subretinal hyperfluorescence, retinal vascular tortuosity and retinal fibrotic spots) was

en] Placental growth factor (PlGF) is an angiogenic factor that belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Besides its well known capacity to potentiate the angiogenic action of VEGF, PlGF also participates in inflammatory processes by attracting and activating monocytes; it plays therefore more specifically a role in pathological conditions. PIGF and its two receptors, VEGFR-1 and neuropilins (NRPs), are expressed in the brain and increase after experimental stroke, but their precise functions in the nervous system remain underexplored. In this review article, we summarize present knowledge on the role of PlGF in various nervous system disease processes. Given the available data, P1GF has neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties that make it an actor of considerable interest in the pathophysiology and potentially in the therapy of degenerative and traumatic brain or spinal cord diseases ...

Two new studies published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology suggest that women who had high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein produced by breast cancer cells, may be more likely to suffer recurrences or die from the disease than are women with low levels of VEGF. Cancerous tumors depend on surrounding blood vessels for nourishment for growth, and VEGF stimulates the growth of blood vessels. In the first study, conducted at Swedens Umed University Hospital, researchers studied 525 women with breast cancer that was invasive, but had not spread to the womans lymph nodes. After following the women for an average of just under four years, researchers found that women with high VEGF levels were almost 3 times more likely to die than those with lower VEGF levels. The second study of 305 women conducted by doctors at the University Womens Clinic in Basel, Switzerland, found that women with higher VEGF levels were more likely to suffer a relapse or recurrence of breast ...

In 2015, the standard treatment for most patients with advanced kidney cancer was a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) such as sunitinib or pazopanib for untreated patients, followed by a checkpoint inhibitor (PD-1 inhibitor) such as nivolumab for patients who fail treatment with a VEGF inhibitor. However, over the last several years, there has been a raft of clinical trials showing that if you combine VEGF inhibitors with PD-1 inhibitors, you can get better outcomes than with a VEGF inhibitor alone.. This paper discusses how the standard of care for untreated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has shifted from a VEGF TKI alone to a combination of checkpoint inhibitor plus either a VEGF TKI or a CTLA-4 inhibitor.. Read more in Oncology Nursing News here. ...

Both advanced glycation end products and vascular endothelial growth factor are believed to play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retino pathy. It is known that vascular endothelial growth facto

Medical therapy has failed to make any significant impact on survival in pancreatic cancer. Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have shown promise in several gastrointestinal (Gl) cancers. Evidence has suggested a similar effect in pancreatic cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a major target of NSAIDs, is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and is associated with worse prognosis. COX-2 upregulation has been shown to correlate with angiogenesis and production of pro- angiogenic growth factors, especially Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), in several Gl cancers. Although this relationship between COX-2 and angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer would seem a viable target, clinical trials of COX-2 or VEGF inhibitors have demonstrated no survival benefit ...

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:. I. To determine the effect of two different doses of AVE0005 (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] Trap [ziv-aflibercept]) treatment on the progression-free proportion at 8 weeks in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had previous treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:. I. To determine the effect of AVE0005 (VEGF Trap) treatment on objective response rate in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have had previous TKI treatment.. II. To describe progression-free survival among patients who undergo dose escalation following progression on low-dose AVE0005 (VEGF Trap).. III. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of AVE0005 (VEGF Trap) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have had previous treatment with a TKI.. OTHER PRE-SPECIFIED OBJECTIVES:. I. To determine the circulating levels of VEGF AVE0005 (VEGF-Trap) complex and correlate it with clinical activity.. II. To evaluate the modulation of ...

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:. I. To determine the effect of two different doses of AVE0005 (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] Trap [ziv-aflibercept]) treatment on the progression-free proportion at 8 weeks in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had previous treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:. I. To determine the effect of AVE0005 (VEGF Trap) treatment on objective response rate in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have had previous TKI treatment.. II. To describe progression-free survival among patients who undergo dose escalation following progression on low-dose AVE0005 (VEGF Trap).. III. To evaluate the safety and tolerability of AVE0005 (VEGF Trap) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who have had previous treatment with a TKI.. OTHER PRE-SPECIFIED OBJECTIVES:. I. To determine the circulating levels of VEGF AVE0005 (VEGF-Trap) complex and correlate it with clinical activity.. II. To evaluate the modulation of ...

Axonal outgrowth is of paramount significance for establishing the intricate neuronal network both during embryogenesis and nerve regeneration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is known for its essential role in vascular sprouting and its involvement in cancer, has recently been found to exert a trophic activity on neurons leading to an increased axonal outgrowth. Although two receptors, VEGFR-2 and neuropilin-1, were identified on neurons, the signaling pathways associated with them are not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of VEGF on the growth cone morphology and motility of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Moreover, we aimed for a deeper understanding of VEGFR-2 on growth cones that potentially mediates the stimulating and attractive effects. We cultivated chicken DRG in medium containing mouse VEGF and analyzed growth cone size. The data presented here show a positive effect of VEGF on growth cone size. Furthermore, we interrupted the activity of

TY - JOUR. T1 - Paclitaxel (Taxol). T2 - An inhibitor of angiogenesis in a highly vascularized transgenic breast cancer. AU - Lau, Derick H. AU - Xue, Ling. AU - Young, Lawrence J.. AU - Burke, Patricia A.. AU - Cheung, Anthony T.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Paclitaxel (Taxol), a promoter of microtubule polymerization and a radiosensitizing agent, is one of the more active anticancer drugs in the current treatment of solid tumors. In this study, we show that paclitaxel possesses an antiangiogenic property associated with a down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a highly-vascularized transgenic murine breast cancer (Met-1). Paclitaxel, at non-cytotoxic doses of 0, 3 and 6 mg/kg/day, was administered intraperitoneally for 5 days to nude mice bearing the Met-1 breast tumor. Extent of intratumoral angiogenesis, as indicated by microvessel tortuosity and microvessel density, was significantly reduced by paclitaxel in a dose-dependent manner. Paclitaxel also suppressed ...

Psoriasin (S100A7), a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, is highly expressed in high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and in the benign hyper-proliferative skin disorder psoriasis. Both breast cancer and psoriasis are diseases which are characterized by hyperproliferation and a disturbed differentiation of the epithelial cells as well as a pronounced angiogenesis. The potential role of psoriasin in angiogenesis and the epithelial differentiation remain unclear.. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the cellular effects of psoriasin in angiogenesis and the differentiation processes, with special emphasis on breast cancer and psoriasis.. We found that psoriasin expression was induced in mammary epithelial cells and keratinocytes by oxidative stress. Psoriasin expression was shown to induce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and several other pro-angiogenic factors in epithelial cells. Upon down-regulation of psoriasin, H2O2-induced expression of VEGF ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Differences between rat strains in models of retinopathy of prematurity. AU - Floyd, Beth N I. AU - Leske, David A.. AU - Wren, Siobhan M E. AU - Mookadam, Martina. AU - Fautsch, Michael P. AU - Holmes, Jonathan M. PY - 2005/7/19. Y1 - 2005/7/19. N2 - Purpose: Genetic factors appear to modulate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Different rat strains may be analogous to genetic differences across human ethnic groups. We investigated the incidence and severity of neovascularization (NV) in Brown Norway (BN) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and acidosis-induced retinopathy (AIR) models for ROP. We also studied whether there was a difference in retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels in OIR animals. Methods: Newborn SD and BN rats (110 in both groups) were raised in standardized litters of ten (four OIR, twelve AIR, six non-gavaged room air controls). Beginning on day 1 of life, OIR litters were ...

Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB), induced by pathologically elevated levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or other mediators, can lead to vasogenic edema and significant clinical problems such as neuronal morbidity and mortality, or vision loss. Restoration of the barrier function with corticosteroids in the brain, or by blocking VEGF in the eye are currently the predominant treatment options for brain edema and diabetic macular edema, respectively. However, corticosteroids have side effects, and VEGF has important neuroprotective, vascular protective and wound healing functions, implying that long-term anti-VEGF therapy may also induce adverse effects. We postulate that targeting downstream effector proteins of VEGF and other mediators that are directly involved in the regulation of BBB and BRB integrity provide more attractive and safer treatment options for vasogenic cerebral edema and diabetic macular edema. The endothelial cell-specific

Microdialysate fluid from 145 severely injured NSICU-patients, 88 with subarachnoidal haemorrage (SAH), and 57 with traumatic brain injury (TBI), was collected by microdialysis during the first 7 days following impact, and levels of the neurotrophins fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analysed. The study illustrates both similarities and differences in the reaction patterns of the 2 inflammatory proteins. The highest concentrations of both FGF2 and VEGF were measured on Day 2 (mean (+/- SE) values being 47.1 +/- 15.33 and 116.9 +/- 41.85 pg/ml, respectively, in the pooled patient material). The VEGF concentration was significantly higher in TBI-patients, while the FGF2 showed a tendency to be higher in SAH-patients. This is the first report presenting in some detail the human cerebral response of FGF2 and VEGF following SAH and TBI. Apart from increasing the understanding of the post-impact inflammatory response of the human brain, the study ...

Spotlight on bevacizumab and its potential in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: the evidence to date Pavel A Levin,1 Jonathan E Dowell1,2 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 2Section of Hematology/Oncology, Veteran Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, TX, USA Abstract: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, but aggressive cancer. Surgery and radiation offer limited benefit, and systemic chemotherapy remains the primary treatment modality for the majority of patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor have been recognized as important players in the biology of this disease. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds VEGF and blocks its interaction with the VEGF receptor. Recent studies have shown benefit with the addition of bevacizumab to the combination of cisplatin and pemetrexed in MPM. This combination is now included in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (with a

TY - JOUR. T1 - Decrease in circulating endothelial progenitor cells in treated glioma patients. AU - Corsini, Elena. AU - Ciusani, Emilio. AU - Gaviani, Paola. AU - Silvani, Antonio. AU - Canazza, Alessandra. AU - Bernardi, Gaetano. AU - Calatozzolo, Chiara. AU - Meco, Francesco Di. AU - Salmaggi, Andrea. PY - 2012/5. Y1 - 2012/5. N2 - High-grade gliomas are highly vascularized tumors, in which the amount of new blood vessels is closely related with the degree of malignancy. The role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the neoangiogenesis of gliomas and the effects of post-surgical therapies (i.e., radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy) have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of surgery and post-surgical treatment on the levels of circulating EPCs in glioma patients and their correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In this study, we assessed by flow cytometry the number of EPCs in the peripheral blood of 78 high-grade ...

Vasculogenesis, Angiogenesis and Endothelial Cell Differentiation. The embryonic vasculature forms by the segregation, migration and assembly of angioblasts from mesoderm, a process termed vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis continues vascular development by forming new vessels by sprouting from preexisting vessels. Two growth factors that play important roles in angioblast differentiation and vessel assembly are basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Our hypothesis is that FGF induces angioblast differentiation and both FGF and VEGF play major roles in the further growth and morphogenesis of angioblasts into the initial vascular pattern. Angioblasts in quail embryos and in quail/chick chimeras can be visualized using the monoclonal antibody, QH-1. The classic embryological technique of microsurgical transplantation will be used in combination with modern immunohistochemistry and molecular biology to perturb vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Small beads and ...

Notch receptors are important mediators of cell fate during embryogenesis, but their role in adult physiology, particularly in postnatal angiogenesis, remains unknown. Of the Notch receptors, only Notch1 and Notch4 are expressed in vascular endothelial cells. Here we show that blood flow recovery and postnatal neovascularization in response to hindlimb ischemia in haploinsufficient global or endothelial-specific Notch1(+/-) mice, but not Notch4(-/-) mice, were impaired compared with wild-type mice. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in response to ischemia was comparable between wild-type and Notch mutant mice, suggesting that Notch1 is downstream of VEGF signaling. Treatment of endothelial cells with VEGF increases presenilin proteolytic processing, gamma-secretase activity, Notch1 cleavage, and Hes-1 (hairy enhancer of split homolog-1) expression, all of which were blocked by treating endothelial cells with inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein

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Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key player in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and is also involved in the final common pathway of antidepressant medication. This study investigated the relationship between the need for anti-VEGF retreatment in patients with nAMD and antidepressant medication, and the potential impact of ocular structural factors. Data from two identical prospective 2-year treatment protocols using ranibizumab or aflibercept in a variable-dosing regimen (Observe-and-Plan) were analysed. Retreatment requirement was compared with antidepressant medication intake (primary outcome) and a variety of ocular factors from baseline and from month 3 response (secondary outcomes), using univariate and multivariate analyses. Of the 206 included patients (227 eyes), 19 were on antidepressant medication. Their nAMD eyes significantly more often had pigment epithelium detachment (PED, p=0.04). Multivariate analysis revealed a si

TY - JOUR. T1 - Mitochondrial UQCRB regulates VEGFR2 signaling in endothelial cells. AU - Jung, Hye Jin. AU - Kim, Yonghyo. AU - Chang, Junghwa. AU - Kang, Sang Won. AU - Kim, Jeong Hun. AU - Kwon, Ho Jeong. N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgments We are grateful to Young-Guen Kwon for technical assistance with the Matrigel plug assay and Paul Schumacker, Natalie Ahn, and James Chen for critical comments. This study was partly supported by grants from the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean Government (MEST; 2009-0092964, 2010-0017984, 2012M3A9D1054520), the Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, KRF (2009-0083522), the Center for Food and Drug Materials of Agriculture Science & Technology Development (PJ0079772012), Rural Development Administration, National R&D Program, Ministry of Health &Welfare (0620360-1), and the Brain Korea 21 Project, Republic of Korea.. PY - 2013/9. Y1 - 2013/9. N2 - Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signal ...

Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and effective treatment options are limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized clinical cancer care; however, there is little experience with these agents in the management of APTs. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeted therapy has reported success in a small number of APT case reports. Here we describe a case of pituitary carcinoma responding to ICI therapy and subsequently VEGF inhibition. We discuss the possible mechanisms and experience with ICI therapy and VEGF inhibitors in the management of APTs, biomarkers that may predict response, and the potential role of combination therapies including ICIs and temozolomide.

TY - JOUR. T1 - Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for neovascular ocular diseases other than age-related macular degeneration. AU - Ciulla, Thomas A.. AU - Rosenfeld, Philip J.. PY - 2009/5/1. Y1 - 2009/5/1. N2 - The discovery of VEGF-As role in the pathogenesis of neovascular ocular disease provided a strong rationale for the development of anti-VEGF-based therapies. There is now ample evidence that anti-VEGF therapies are viable treatment options for these diseases. Nevertheless, large, randomized controlled trials are still awaited to confirm early safety and efficacy findings from small, open-label prospective studies.. AB - The discovery of VEGF-As role in the pathogenesis of neovascular ocular disease provided a strong rationale for the development of anti-VEGF-based therapies. There is now ample evidence that anti-VEGF therapies are viable treatment options for these diseases. Nevertheless, large, randomized controlled trials are still awaited to confirm early safety and ...

A 66-year-old male complained of thickening of the skin at the face, posterior neck and back after a febrile episode. The patient had obesity, elevated levels of HbA1C and urinary C-peptide. The seological tests for collagen diseases were negative. The serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was elevated. The biopsied skin specimen revealed the thickening of the dermis by the increased proliferation of collagen fibers, thickening of collagen bundles with fenestrations and infiltration of lymphocytes. Scleredema caused by diabestes mellitus and obesity was diagnosed, accompanied with insulin resistance. The patient was initially treated with administration of prednisolone, followed with diet therapy. Scleredema ameliorated partially, however elevated level of VEGF persisted after 6 months of discharge. It is unclear whether elevated level of VEGF may be related to the pathogenesis of the disease or may be an aggravating factor ...

Anti-angiogenic therapy inhibits tumor growth and is considered as a potential clinical therapy for malignant glioma. However, inevitable recurrences and unexpected tumor resistance, particularly increased invasion ability of glioma cell, were observed after anti-angiogenic treatment. The underlying mechanism remains undetermined. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) are closely associated with cell migration; therefore, we investigated the possible role of these kinases in rat C6 glioma cell invasion induced by bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The effects of bevacizumab on migration and invasion of C6 glioma cells were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The cells proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by MTT assay, wound healing, and transwell assay, respectively. Invasive potential of glioma cells in vivo was assessed by counting vimentin-positive cells crossing the solid tumor rim by

Green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits angiogenesis and suppresses vascular endothelial growth factor C/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression and signaling in experimental endometriosis in vivo. Fertil Steril. 2011 Oct; 96(4):1021-8 ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Response of experimental retinal neovascularization to thiazolidinediones. AU - Murata, Toshinori. AU - Hata, Yasuaki. AU - Ishibashi, Tatsuro. AU - Kim, Sarah. AU - Hsueh, Willa A.. AU - Law, Ronald E.. AU - Hinton, David R.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Objective: To determine the effect of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) on experimental retinal neovascularization. Methods: The ability of the TZDs troglitazone and rosiglitazone maleate (1-20 μmol/L) to inhibit retinal endothelial cell (REC) proliferation, migration, tube formation, and signaling was determined in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In vivo studies were performed using the oxygen-induced ischemia model of retinal neovascularization. Neonatal mice were treated with intravitreous injection of 0.5 μL of troglitazone (100 μmol/L) or rosiglitazone maleate (100 μmol/L), or vehicle, and retinal neovascularization was assayed ...

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Purpose: To study intraocular pressure (IOP) trends and risk factors of IOP elevation after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in diabetic macular edema. Methods: A retrospective review of 760 eyes treated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for diabetic macular edema was performed. The rate and risk factors of IOP elevation were assessed. Intraocular pressure elevation was defined as an increase above baseline IOP by ≥6 mmHg, increase above baseline by ,20%, or IOP elevation to ,24 mmHg on 2 or more consecutive visits after treatment. When more than one pretreatment IOP reading was available, baseline IOP was calculated as the mean of the available pretreatment IOP readings (up to a maximum of three last IOP readings). Intraocular pressure elevation was considered transient unless it was maintained throughout the follow-up or required treatment (persistent elevation). Results: Over a mean follow-up of 18 months, persistent and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Beta-adrenergic receptor agonists induce the release of granulocyte chemotactic protein-2, oncostatin M, and vascular endothelial growth factor from macrophages. AU - Verhoeckx, K.C.M.. AU - Doornbos, R.P.. AU - Witkamp, R.F.. AU - de Greef, J.. AU - Rodenburg, R.J.T.. PY - 2006. Y1 - 2006. N2 - Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), oncostatin M (OSM), and granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2/CXCL6) are up-regulated in U937 macrophages and peripheral blood macrophages exposed to LPS, beta-adrenergic receptor (ß2-AR) agonists (e.g. zilpaterol, and clenbuterol) and some other agents that induce intracellular cAMP (prostaglandin E2, forskolin, and butyryl cAMP). LPS in combination with ß2-agonists and cAMP elevating agents had an additional effect on the release of VEGF, OSM, and CXCL6. These proteins are up-regulated after 16-24 h of exposure and this is mediated by the ß2-AR, as determined by time course experiments and the use of a specific ß2-AR antagonist (ICI ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Correlation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α with angiogenesis in liver tumors after transcatheter arterial embolization in an animal model. AU - Liang, Bin. AU - Zheng, Chuan Sheng. AU - Feng, Gan Sheng. AU - Wu, Han Ping. AU - Wang, Yong. AU - Zhao, Hui. AU - Qian, Jun. AU - Liang, Hui Min. PY - 2010/8. Y1 - 2010/8. N2 - This study sought to determine the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its relation to angiogenesis in liver tumors after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in an animal model. A total of 20 New Zealand White rabbits were implanted with VX2 tumor in liver. TAE-treated group animals (n = 10) received TAE with polyvinyl alcohol particles. Control group animals (n = 10) received sham embolization with distilled water. Six hours or 3 days after TAE, animals were humanely killed, and tumor samples were collected. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - A prospective analysis of plasma endostatin levels in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. AU - Feldman, Andrew L.. AU - Alexander, H. Richard. AU - Bartlett, David L.. AU - Kranda, Karen C.. AU - Miller, Marshall S.. AU - Costouros, Nick G.. AU - Choyke, Peter L.. AU - Libutti, Steven K.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2001. Y1 - 2001. N2 - Background: Circulating inhibitors of angiogenesis have been suggested to affect the growth of distant micrometastatic disease in patients with cancer. This study was designed to evaluate circulating endostatin levels in colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases. Methods: Plasma samples from 30 colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases were analyzed for endostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by using competitive enzyme immunoassays. Samples were compared with plasma from age- and sex-matched healthy controls; values ,2 SD above the control mean were ...

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D induce lymphangiogenesis through activation of VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and have been implicated in tumor spread to the lymphatic system. Lymph node dissemination critically determines clinical outcome and therapeutic options of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the relationship of VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and lymph node metastasis in cancers, including NSCLC, is still controversial. To evaluate the relationship between lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis, the expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D in NSCLC tumors were detected by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR). QRT-PCR revealed that in marginal region VEGF-C and VEGF-D mRNA was significantly higher than in tumor center, and VEGF-D mRNA was also higher than that in peritumoral lung tissue. Immunohistochemically, we observed the same heterogeneous expression of VEGF-C and VEGF-D proteins. The group with high expression of ...

During the past decade, basic and translational cancer research has provided new information regarding the mechanisms underlying tumor growth, proliferation, and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of RCC has identified new targets for therapeutic intervention. Angiogenesis, involving complex signaling pathways such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor, and angiopoietins, plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and progression, and therapies targeting angiogenic factors from the VEGF family have become an effective strategy in the treatment of metastatic renal-cell carcinoma (mRCC) since 2006. Sunitinib and pazopanib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and they are globally used as first-line treatments for mRCC. Although they primarily act through inhibiting angiogenesis, they might also have an effect on the function of immune cells such as T-regs. Despite the initial enthusiasm for these modern-era ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Comparison between tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in stress-exposed rats. AU - Mohd Fahami, Nur Azlina. AU - Mohd Saad, Qodriyah. AU - Kien Hui, Chua. AU - Yusof, Kamisah. PY - 2017/8/28. Y1 - 2017/8/28. N2 - AIM To investigate and compare the effects of tocotrienol and omeprazole on gastric growth factors in rats exposed to water-immersion restraint stress (WIRS). METHODS Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of seven rats. The two control groups were administered vitamin-free palm oil (vehicle) and the two treatment groups were given omeprazole (20 mg/kg) or tocotrienol (60 mg/kg) by oral gavage. After 28 d of treatment, rats from one control group and both treated groups were subjected to WIRS one time for 3.5 h. Gastric lesions were measured and gastric tissues were obtained to measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Coexpression of herpesviral thymidine kinase reporter gene and VEGF gene for noninvasive monitoring of therapeutic gene transfer. T2 - An in vitro evaluation. AU - Anton, Martina. AU - Wittermann, Constanze. AU - Haubner, Roland. AU - Simoes, Marcus. AU - Reder, Sybille. AU - Essien, Bryan. AU - Wagner, Bettina. AU - Henke, Julia. AU - Erhardt, Wolf. AU - Noll, Steffi. AU - Hackett, Neil R.. AU - Crystal, Ronald G.. AU - Schwaiger, Markus. AU - Gansbacher, Bernd. AU - Bengel, Frank M.. PY - 2004/10/1. Y1 - 2004/10/1. N2 - Coexpression of a reporter gene and a therapeutic gene may allow for noninvasive monitoring of cardiac gene therapy. We sought to evaluate the usefulness of an adenoviral vector expressing mutant herpesviral thymidine kinase reporter gene (HSV1-sr39tk) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 121 in independent expression cassettes (Ad4tk). Methods: Accumulation of 14C-2′-fluoro-5-methyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyluracil (FIAU) and ...

Sequential inhibition of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway with sorafenib could be useful for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Our aim was to determine the activity and tolerability of sorafenib as a second-line therapy in advanced RCC initially treated with a different VEGF-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). A prospective observational cohort in Mexico (2012-2019). We included 132 subjects with metastatic RCC and who had progression despite treatment with sunitinib. The primary end-point was time to disease progression as evaluated every 12-16 weeks. The mean age of the cohort was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR] 50-72), 96 (73%) were men, and 48 (36%) had a favorable prognosis according to the IMDC (International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium) prognostic model. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall-survival after the introduction of sorafenib treatment was 8.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.7-10.5) and 40 months (95% CI: 34.5-45.4

By mimicking an increase in circulating EG-VEGF beyond 11.5 dpc, similar to that observed beyond the first trimester of pregnancy in women with pathological pregnancies, we created a new mouse model of PIH. This statement is based on several key findings. First, EG-VEGF inhibited trophoblast invasion,9,11 a key process that ensures the establishment of the fetomaternal circulation. EG-VEGF function during early pregnancy is important9,11 as the embryo is not protected against potential reactive oxygen species present in the oxygenated maternal blood.24 However, maintenance of its production over the first trimester seems to be harmful for the establishment of the fetomaternal circulation. Second, placentae from EG-VEGF-treated mice exhibited increased hypoxia, a hallmark of stressed placentae.25 Although several reports have discussed the role of low-oxygen tension in PIH development, direct in vivo evidence linking increased placental hypoxia with PIH was still unsatisfactory. Third, placentae ...

The receptor tyrosine kinase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor (VEGFR) plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major biologically active component of green tea, inhibits growth in a variety of human ca …

Adipocytokines are polypeptides produced by fat cells.They are associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, chronic vascular disease and cancer.The adipocytokines which promote angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels) include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF,) hepatocyte growth factor (HGF,) leptin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor and interleukin-6 (IL-6.) Whole plant extracts […]. View Post ...

Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can modify disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model. However, there are currently no accurate biological markers for predicting the efficacy of autologous MSC transplants in ALS patients. This open-label, single-arm, investigator-initiated clinical study was designed to identify markers of MSCs that could be used as potential predictors of response to autologous MSC therapy in patients with ALS. We enrolled 37 patients with ALS who received autologous MSCs via intrathecal injection in two monthly doses. After a 6-month follow-up period, the patients were categorized as responders and non-responders based on their scores on the revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRSR). Biological markers including beta-fibroblast growth factor-2, stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, angiogenin (ANG), interleukin (IL) 24, IL-10, and ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticles for therapeutic engineering and in vivo monitoring of mesenchymal stem cells in cerebral ischemia model. AU - Park, Ji Won. AU - Ku, Sook Hee. AU - Moon, Hyung Ho. AU - Lee, Minhyung. AU - Choi, Donghoon. AU - Yang, Jaemoon. AU - Huh, Yong Min. AU - Jeong, Ji Hoon. AU - Park, Tae Gwan. AU - Mok, Hyejung. AU - Kim, Sun Hwa. PY - 2014/1/1. Y1 - 2014/1/1. N2 - Poly(ethylene glycol)-coated cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticles (PCIONs) are developed for therapeutic engineering of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their monitoring via magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at a time. PCIONs successfully combine with plasmid DNA (pDNA) via ionic interaction. Accordingly, PCION/pDNA complexes mediate superior translocations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pDNA into intracellular regions of MSCs under external magnetic field, which significantly elevate production of VEGF from MSCs. Genetically engineered MSCs are also clearly visualized via MR ...

Having identified changes in the extent of cofilin phosphorylation in cells at steady state, we next examined the dynamics of cofilin phosphorylation in cells undergoing acute changes in actin cytoskeletal organisation. This required the identification of a stimulus able to induce dynamic actin remodelling. In testing a number of growth factors in S2R+ cells [10% foetal calf serum (FCS), 2-day-old conditioned medium, bovine insulin, human EGF, murine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)], only insulin was found to activate signalling, as monitored by immunoblotting with specific antibodies against P-Akt, S6K phosphorylated at Thr398 (P-S6K) and ERK phosphorylated at Thr198 and Tyr200 (PP-ERK) (supplementary material Fig. S3A) and Lizcano et al. (Lizcano et al., 2003). Insulin also induced an increase in the level of lamellipodial F-actin in these cells within 5 minutes of treatment (Fig. 2A). Elevated levels of filamentous actin remained at ...

OBJECTIVE The term receptor-associated prorenin system (RAPS) refers to the pathogenic mechanisms whereby prorenin binding to its receptor dually activates the tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and RAS-independent intracellular signaling via the receptor. The aim of the present study was to define the association of the RAPS with diabetes-induced retinal inflammation.. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Long-Evans rats, C57BL/6 mice, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R)-deficient mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with (pro)renin receptor blocker (PRRB). Retinal mRNA expression of prorenin and the (pro)renin receptor was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. Leukocyte adhesion to the retinal vasculature was evaluated with a concanavalin A lectin perfusion-labeling technique. Retinal protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 were examined by ELISA. Retinal extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was ...

TY - JOUR. T1 - Inducible nitric oxide synthase modulates hydronephrosis following partial or complete unilateral ureteral obstruction in the neonatal mouse. AU - Yoo, Kee Hwan. AU - Thornhill, Barbara A.. AU - Forbes, Michael S.. AU - Chevalier, Robert L.. PY - 2010/1. Y1 - 2010/1. N2 - To investigate the role of endogenous inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the response of the developing kidney to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), neonatal iNOS null mutant (-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to partial or complete UUO. At 7 and 21 days of age, apoptosis, renin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblasts (antifibroblast-specific peptide 1), myofibroblasts (α-smooth muscle actin), macrophages (F4/80), and collagen were measured in kidney tissue. Compared with WT, renal parenchymal thickness was increased, with preservation of the papilla, in -/- mice with partial UUO, but decreased in -/- mice with complete UUO. Ureteral peristalsis increased with severity of ...

Although previous studies confirmed that steaming and the fermentation process could significantly improve the cognitive-enhancement and neuroprotective effects of Codonopsis lanceolata, the anti-tumor efficacy of steamed C. lanceolata (SCL) and what mechanisms are involved remain largely unknown. The present study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect in vivo of SCL in H22 tumor-bearing mice. The results clearly indicated that SCL could not only inhibit the tumor growth, but also prolong the survival time of H22 tumor-bearing mice. Besides, the serum levels of cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), were enhanced by SCL administration. The observations of Hoechst 33258 staining demonstrated that SCL was able to induce tumor cell apoptosis. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SCL treatment significantly increased Bax expression and decreased Bcl-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF

TY - JOUR. T1 - Vision-threatening lesions developing with longer-term follow-up after treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. AU - Tanaka, Erika. AU - Chaikitmongkol, Voraporn. AU - Bressler, Susan B. AU - Bressler, Neil M. PY - 2015/1/1. Y1 - 2015/1/1. N2 - Purpose: To assess the development of vision-threatening lesions at least 3.5 years after initiating antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in eyes with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design: Retrospective cohort study. Participants: A total of 75 patients (81 eyes) with CNV secondary to AMD who received intravitreous anti-VEGF treatment and were followed for at least 3.5 years after initiating treatment. Methods: Retrospective record review of patients initiating anti-VEGF treatment between November 2005 and June 2008 at a university-based institution for whom at least 3.5 years of follow-up was available at the same institution. Main Outcome Measures: Predominantly ...

An estimated 30 million Americans have diabetes, which can cause blood vessel abnormalities, including the growth of new blood vessels in the eye. In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy, called non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, changes in the eyes blood vessels are visible to clinicians but generally do not affect sight. In the advanced stages, people can develop proliferative diabetic retinopathy, where retinal blood vessels grow abnormally, and/or diabetic macular edema, where fluid leaks out of the retinal blood vessels. Both can lead to vision loss and blindness. Treatment, such as with anti-VEGF drugs, can slow or prevent vision loss in people with proliferative diabetic retinopathy or diabetic macular edema, if treatment occurs promptly.. According to an article published in JAMA Ophthalmology (30 March 2021), a clinical trial from the Network has demonstrated that early treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections slowed diabetic retinopathy. ...

Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) was introduced a decade ago, and since then a number of therapeutic options have been developed. Vascular endothelial growth factor targeted therapy is the widely accepted first-line option for mRCC. After progression, treatment in the second-line setting has typically been with either axitinib or everolimus. However, with the advent of several new agents demonstrating efficacy in the second-line setting, including nivolumab, cabozantinib, and the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus, the treatment paradigm has shifted toward these novel therapies with improved patient outcomes.. ...

Definition of angiogenic gene therapy in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is angiogenic gene therapy? Meaning of angiogenic gene therapy as a finance term. What does angiogenic gene therapy mean in finance?

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor by peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in breast cancer cells. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Localization and quantification of cyclic changes in the expression of endocrine gland vascular endothelial growth factor in the human corpus luteum. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...

Dear Editor, We read and reviewed the article entitled as Predicting outcomes to anti- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in diabetic macular oedema: a review of the literature by Ashraf et al. with great interest [1]. In that comprehensive study, the authors reviewed the studies that investigated demographic, clinical, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescein angiography results that could predict the outcomes of the anti-VEGF agents in patients with diabetic macular edema. Ashraf et al. suggested that choroidal thickness (CT) might also be utilized as a novel marker to predict outcomes of the treatment with anti- VEGF agents in patients with diabetic macular edema. However, we disagree with the authors at some important points. As Ashraf et al. have already indicated in their paper, CT is significantly variable in the patients with diabetic retinopathy. Although some studies stated that CT increased significantly, some others demonstrated that CT decreased ...

OBJECTIVES: - Determine if elevated levels of thrombospondin I serum levels, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor I, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, and mesothelin portend a poor prognosis in patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma treated with vatalanib on protocol CALGB-30107. - Determine if elevated levels of thrombospondin I serum levels, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor I, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, and mesothelin correlate with response or stable disease in these patients. OUTLINE: Serum samples previously obtained from patients on protocol CALGB-30107 are tested for levels of thrombospondin I serum, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor I, fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, and mesothelin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 47 specimens will be accrued for this study. ...

Park SY, Jin ML, Kim YH, et al. Sanguinarine inhibits invasiveness and the MMP 9 and COX 2 expression in TPA-induced breast cancer cells by inducing HO-1 expression. Oncol Rep. 2014 Jan;31(1):497-504. PMID: 24220687.. Shao J, Liu D, Gong D, et al. Inhibitory effects of sanguinarine against the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843 and possible mechanisms of action. Aquat Toxicol. 2013 Oct 15;142-143:257-63. PMID: 24060579.. Dong XZ, Zhang M, Wang K, et al. Sanguinarine inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor release by generation of reactive oxygen species in MCF-7 human mammary adenocarcinoma cells. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:517698. PMID: 23762849.. Niu X, Fan T, Li W, et al. Protective effect of sanguinarine against acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2013 Mar 15;267(3):256-65. PMID: 23352506.. Foss MH, Eun YJ, Grove CI, et al. Inhibitors of bacterial tubulin target bacterial membranes in vivo. Medchemcomm. 2013 Jan 1;4(1):112-119. PMID: ...

Angiogenesis, the process of blood-vessel growth, is a critical event during development, and during tumor invasion and metastasis. The growth of almost all types of tumor is dependent on angiogenesis, and the expansion and metastasis of tumors is disrupted when it is suppressed (1) . VEGF, the ligand for the VEGFRs, is the most potent angiogenic factor. It has been demonstrated recently that EGCG inhibited VEGF-induced angiogenesis, because it suppressed both bovine capillary endothelial cells growth in vitro and the formation of new blood vessels in the chick CAM model (11) , as well as the induction of VEGF by human colon carcinoma cells (18) . In this study, we have shown for the first time that VEGF stimulation of the tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells is inhibited in a dose- and time-dependent manner by green tea. This inhibitory effect seems to be specific to ECG, CG, and EGCG, because the other catechins tested had no effect. Whereas the structural determinants ...

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Purpose The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is crucial for normal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during pregnancy, and alterations in the VEGFA gene expression were detected in women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion (IRSA) and spontaneously aborted conceptuses. Our aim was to evaluate whether there is an association between the functional −2549 insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the promoter region of the VEGFA gene and IRSA in reproductive couples. Methods We performed a case-control study involving 149 women and their 140 partners with three or more IRSA and 149 control women and men. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used for genotyping. Results We found no association of the −2549 I/D polymorphism with IRSA in women. However, men with the DD genotype have a 1.75-fold increased risk of IRSA compared with men carrying the ID and II genotypes (95 % confidence interval (CI)=1.05-2.93, P=0.032). In addition, the D allele in men contributes to a ...

Nadeau, S., J. Baribeau, A. Janvier, and T. Perreault. Changes in expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its receptors in neonatal hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pediatr Res 58: 199-205, 2005.. Janvier, A.F., S. Nadeau, J. Baribeau, and T. Perreault. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in the vasodilator response to VEGF in the neonatal piglet lung. Crit Care Med 33: 860-866, 2005.. Perreault, T. Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn. Paediatr Resp Rev 7S: S175-S176, 2006.. Waitzer E, Riley SP, Perreault T, and M Shevell. Neurologic Outcome at School Entry for Neonates Treated with Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Non-Cardiac Indications. J Child Neurol, 1-6, Feb 5, 2009.. ...

Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin (By similarity). Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity).

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific condition characterized by an imbalance of circulating angiogenic factors and new-onset hypertension. Although current treatment options are limited, recent studies suggest that pravastatin may improve angiogenic profile and reduce blood pressure in preeclampsia. We hypothesized pravastatin would restore angiogenic balance and reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) in rats with reduced utero-placental perfusion pressure (RUPP)-induced hypertension. Pravastatin was administered intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg per day) in RUPP (RUPP+P) and normal pregnant rats (NP+P) from day 14 to 19 of pregnancy. On day 19, MAP was measured via catheter, conceptus data were recorded, and tissues collected. MAP was increased (P,0.05) in RUPP compared with NP dams, and pravastatin ameliorated this difference. Pravastatin attenuated decreased fetal weight and plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and the RUPP-induced increased soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 when compared with NP ...

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis and depends on the production of angiogenic factors by host and/or tumor cells. The role of angiogenesis and angiogenic factor expression in intestinal- and diffuse-type gastric cancer are undefined. Archival specimens of 51 intestinal-type and 38 diffuse-type human gastric carcinomas were examined for tumor vessel counts, angiogenic factor expression, and the presence or absence of angiogenic factor receptors on tumor endothelium using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (KDR and flt-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its receptors (bek and flg), and factor VIII (endothelial cells). Vessel count and VEGF and bFGF expression were higher in intestinal-type than in diffuse-type gastric cancers (P = 0.01, P , 0.001, and P , 0.001, respectively). Similarly, vessel count and VEGF expression were higher in patients with liver metastasis than in patients with peritoneal dissemination (P = ...